Background. The problem of dental hypersensitivity is relevant due to its high prevalence among the population. A large number of products with various active ingredients are available on the dental market, each with significantly different mechanisms of action and the time it takes to achieve a positive effect. Therefore, studying the effectiveness of modern desensitizing products is important for practical dentistry.

 The aim of the study. Тo evaluate the desensitizing efficacy of a paste containing calcium glycerophosphate and hydroxyapatite used for polishing tooth surfaces at the final stage of professional oral hygiene in patients with dental hyperesthesia.

Materials and methods. Seventy-three patients with dental hyperesthesia were examined. The study utilized tooth polishing pastes for the final stage of professional oral hygiene (FPOH). The study group used R.O.C.S. PROPOLISHING, which contains a 50% hydroxyapatite suspension (7.5% dry weight) and calcium glycerophosphate. The paste’s PCR (stained pellicle removal) index was 93. The comparison group used a paste containing sodium fluoride. The intensity of hyperesthesia was determined using the Schiff test and the YeapleProbe electromagnetic device for determining dental hyperesthesia, before the PGPR, immediately after the procedure, and after using the test toothpastes. The desensitizing effect was calculated based on the Schiff test value and estimated using the classical formula by S.B. Ulitovsky (2018): E(%) = [In(1) – In(n)] × 100 / In(1), where In(1) is the Schiff test value during the initial examination, In (n) is the Schiff test value at the end of the study. When using YeapleProbe, the percentage of sensitivity regression was calculated. In this case, the digital norm (70 units) of the YeapleProbe value was taken as 100%, and the percentage of sensitivity during the initial and subsequent studies was calculated proportionally. The difference between these values demonstrates the percentage of sensitivity regression according to the YeapleProbe value.

Results. The dynamics of the Schiff and YeapleProbe test values demonstrate a characteristic increase in hyperesthesia in both groups immediately after the PGPR. After polishing the teeth of patients in Group 1 with a paste containing hydroxyapatite and calcium glycerophosphate, a significant improvement in the values was noted, almost approaching normal values. In the comparison group (Group 2), where a sodium fluoride paste was used for polishing, the values returned to the initial values characteristic of hyperesthesia.

Conclusions. Immediately after polishing the teeth, R.O.C.S. paste was used. PROPOLISHING, containing a 50% hydroxyapatite suspension (7.5% dry weight) and calcium glycerophosphate, demonstrated high desensitization efficacy (58.6%) in the Schiff test and a high sensitivity regression (59.7%) in the YeapleProbe test. However, immediately after polishing, a paste containing sodium fluoride showed no desensitization activity: 0% in the Schiff test and -0.9% sensitivity regression in the YeapleProbe test.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various complexes of hygienic measures to improve the condition of the oral cavity in 40 patients (23 men and 17 women, the average age is 27.8 ± 3.2 years). The initial assessment of the condition of the oral cavity was carried out using a simplified OHI-S hygiene index and PMA index. Patients were divided into the main group, which received a manual toothbrush, toothpaste and a mouthwash with anti-inflammatory effect, and a comparison group that uses only a brush and paste. After one month of use of hygiene products, the results showed a statistically significant decrease in OHI-S and PMA indices in all patients (p< 0.05). The analysis of the data showed that the level of oral hygiene in patients of the main group was significantly higher (p< 0.05) compared to the comparison group. In particular, the use of a toothbrush, pasta and a mouthwash with an anti-inflammatory effect led to a decrease in the hygiene index by 67%, while when using only brushes and pasta, a decrease was only 17%. A complete decrease in the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues (PMA 0% index) was achieved in 45 %of patients of the main group, while in the comparison group this result was observed only in 25%.

Relevance. Many risk factors for dental caries (high carbohydrate consumption, poor oral hygiene, decreased enamel resistance, impaired mineralizing properties of saliva, etc.) contribute to the demineralization of hard dental tissues, which requires the use of effective remineralizing agents.

The study assessed the clinical effectiveness of using an innovative form of remineralizing agent «WATERDENT Remineralizing Strips» with calcium hydroxyapatite, potassium nitrate, sodium fluoride, calcium glycerophosphate.

Materials and methods. Type of study: prospective, open, non-comparative. The study involved 20 pati

ents aged 18 to 22 years with compensated caries and sensitive dentin. The period of use of remineralizing strips was 4 weeks. The following clinical indicators were determined for each participant before and after using the test product: caries intensity according to DMF, hygiene index OHI-S, Müllemann index, ERT (enamel resistance test), Schiff air index, tooth sensitivity according to VAS, and laboratory indicators were also determined: calcium, magnesium and phosphorus of saliva, lactate level, pH. All participants filled out a questionnaire assessing the organoleptic properties and ease of use of the «WATERDENT Remineralizing Strips».

Results. Analysis of the obtained data demonstrated a significant mineralizing and hyposensitizing effect of the studied innovative remineralizing therapy: VAS scores decreased by 31.09%, the Schiff index by 33.57%, and the Green – Vermillion index by 50.63%. TER values improved by 17.14%.

Conclusions. The study confirmed that WATERDENT Remineralizing Strips have a significant clinical effect, increasing enamel resistance, reducing hypersensitivity, and normalizing salivary parameters. The solid form ensures ease of use and can be considered an alternative to traditional gels and rinses.

Aim. Estimation condition of oral cavity and hydrodynamics of ambience marginal parodont beside patient with anatomist-functional disorders marginal parodont threshold of the oral cavity.

Material and methods. Present study amongst examined persons with muco-gingival disorders included the clinical part and statistical processing got result for complex analysis of parodontal status. Within the framework of undertaken studies organized complex examination 127 patients (79 woman and 48 mans) in accordance with criteria of the cut-in and exceptions. As a whole explored and analyzed 167 events of the different conditions of muco-gingival complex. Amongst taken contingent formed three groups. In the first clinical group (60 events) were an enclosed patients with II type of the correlation division of gums, II type of the fastening bridle lips without clinical symptoms of need thresholds, bridles or lateral burden in correction. Patients of the second clinical group (54 events) had a gums division correlation on II type and II type of the fastening bridle lips or burden of the mucous of oral cavity with positive symptoms needs in correction. Checking group (53 events) was characterized by the clinical intact parodont, normal correlation division gumses: size of the free gums less attached and fastening bridle lips or lateral burden on I type.

Results. Diagnostic criteria of clinical and indication, hydrodynamic’s factors are indicative of that local signs registered on background muco-gingival disorders of parodontal pathology with defined clinical and indicative signs of the inflammation, with diagnosis of gum’s recession 1 and 2 classes on Miller, the average depth recession and average degree of the development parodontal risk.

Conclusion. Got results of the studies will allow hereinafter to motivate and develop offered by using concept personality approach of diagnostics and treatment patient with anatomist-functional disorders of muco-gingival complex on the base of clinical, indicative and hydrodynamic parodontal factors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a fulvic acid-based gel in the complex treatment of the erosive-atrophic form of oral lichen planus (OLP) in 20 patients (12 women and 8 men, mean age 45–57 years). The comprehensive therapy included professional hygiene, oral sanitation, general medication therapy, and topical application of the fulvic acid gel for 21 days. Assessment was performed clinically, using a periodontal probe and autofluorescence stomatoscopy (AFS), and by investigating oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, catalase) in the oral fluid. The results showed complete epithelialization of erosions in 92% of patients by day 28, a significant reduction in the inflammation area according to AFS data, and a significant normalization of biochemical parameters, indicating a reduction in oxidative stress and the high therapeutic efficacy of the studied gel.

A research study was conducted to investigate the influence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and medication therapy on salivary flow rate and pH. The study included patients with confirmed cardiovascular diseases and a group of conditionally healthy individuals. Salivary flow rate, pH, and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) were measured.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of CVD and medication therapy on salivary flow rate and pH.  

 Materials and methods. A total of 219 patients with CVD and 100 individuals in the control group were examined. Clinical and dental parameters, salivary characteristics, and medication regimens were analyzed. Data from clinical examinations, laboratory measurements, and questionnaire responses were analyzed using StatTech v 4.6.1 (developed by Stattech LLC, Russia).

Results. Patients with CVD demonstrated  a reduction in salivary flow rate (0.29 vs 0.42 mL/min) and pH (6.60 vs 7.00) compared to the control group. The most pronounced changes were observed in patients receiving a combination of antiplatelet and antihypertensive agents, as well as in those taking antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs concurrently.

Conclusions. CVD and polypharmacy are associated with decreased salivary secretion and a shift of pH toward acidity, which may contribute to the development of dental complications and require preventive monitoring by a dentist.

Relevance of the problem. Reduced masticatory load is recognized as an important etiological factor in the development of periodontal pathologies. However, comprehensive studies combining data on morphological, molecular, and biomechanical changes over time remain relevant. Objective: To conduct a comprehensive analysis of structural and functional changes in periodontal tissues under conditions of experimentally induced masticatory hypofunction.

Materials and methods: a controlled experiment on 60 mature rats We modeled masticatory hypofunction by switching animals to a soft diet for 12 weeks. Micro-CT, histology, immunohistochemistry (RANKL, OPG), mRNA expression assessment (COL1A1, ALP, TRAP), and biomechanical testing were used for evaluation.

Results. Hypofunction was found to cause significant periodontal remodeling: a decrease in bone volume density (BV/TV) by 31.5%, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) by 35.8%, and their number (Tb.N) by 36.1% (p < 0.001). Periodontal ligament atrophy with a 41.2% decrease in thickness was detected. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a 2.5-fold increase in RANKL expression and a 34% decrease in OPG, which correlated with a 2.1-fold increase in TRAP activity. times. A decrease in the expression of COL1A1 (0.55-fold) and ALP (0.45-fold) confirmed the suppression of bone formation. Biomechanical parameters demonstrate a decrease in the elastic modulus of the periodontal ligament and tooth stability by 42.5 and 41.8%, respectively.

Conclusion. The obtained data reveal the pathogenetic mechanisms of structural degradation of the periodontium during hypofunction, which explains accelerated tooth loss and substantiates the need for adequate functional loading to maintain its homeostasis.

Current trends in surgical treatment of patients are aimed at minimizing surgical trauma and reducing the duration of rehabilitation. Postoperative acute pain is experienced by many patients who have undergone surgery, which is directly related to the traumatic nature of operations. Today, the use of high-intensity laser radiation in surgical dentistry helps to reduce pain and reduce edema, and accelerate regeneration.

Goal. Improving the effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with dental diseases using a diode laser.

Materials and methods. The study included 52 patients with dental diseases (benign neoplasms and cysts, gum hypertrophy, pericoronitis). All patients were divided into 2 study groups by random sampling: in group 1, a diode laser (940 nm) was used for surgical treatment, and in group 2, a scalpel was used. Postoperative pain, edema, and the intensity of hyperemia in the area of surgery were evaluated on days 1, 3, and 5 in points, and the timing of wound epithelialization was on days 5, 7, 10, and 14.Results. Clinical studies have shown a statistically significant difference between the average values of VAS in 2 groups (p < 0.0001); group 2 scored the highest score, while group 2 showed the lowest score. Moreover, during the first three days after surgical treatment, the most favorable results were observed in group 1 compared to group 2: minimal pain, swelling and no pronounced hyperemia, suture divergence and tissue necrosis were not observed. Conclusion. The use of a diode laser in the surgical treatment of patients with dental diseases of the oral cavity helps to reduce pain and swelling in the postoperative period, accelerate the epithelialization of the surgical wound, and shorten the duration of treatment.

Relevance. Saliva, which contains a wide spectrum of biomarkers, is a promising material for the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of these oral diseases.

Objective. Based on the results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of unstimulated whole saliva, determine the relationship between the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the presence of mild chronic generalized periodontitis in combination with peri-implantitis.

Materials and methods. The study utilized unstimulated whole saliva samples collected by the spitting method from patients with periodontitis and peri-implantitis before treatment, as well as 30 and 60 days after it. The treatment included professional hygiene and antibacterial therapy (metronidazole topically and/or systemically administered). The concentrations of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10) and VEGF-A were determined by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercial reagent kits.

Results. Studies have shown that the salivary cytokine profile changes significantly in inflammatory diseases of the periodontium and around implants. In patients with periodontitis alone, a significant increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels was recorded before treatment, which decreased after therapy. In the group with combined pathology (periodontitis and peri-implantitis), a more complex picture was revealed: initially, reduced levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF-A were observed. After treatment, the dynamics of various cytokines were divergent; for example, by day 60, the level of IL-1β had increased, while the concentrations of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, on the contrary, had decreased significantly.

Conclusions. It has been established that the salivary cytokine profile is a sensitive marker reflecting the activity of the inflammatory process in periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Differences in the immune response were identified between isolated periodontitis and its combination with peri-implantitis, indicating peculiarities in the pathogenesis of the combined pathology. Monitoring the levels of cytokines in saliva can be useful for assessing the effectiveness of the treatment and the disease dynamics.

The polyetiology and diversity of manifestations of bruxism, which is accompanied by increased muscle activity, cause certain difficulties in choosing treatment methods. When analyzing recent systematic reviews of the literature on cases of drug-induced bruxism, the most common side effect in the form of jaw clenching occurred when taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, especially fluoxetine, venlafaxine, and sertraline. The lack of a unified methodological approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with bruxism, including drug-induced bruxism, makes it difficult to plan treatment measures and prevent the development of this pathological condition. Therefore, therapy in such cases is symptomatic and aimed at preventing damage to the dental and maxillofacial system and orthopedic structures.

Currently, there is no dental extraction technique in surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery for patients with metastatic cancer who are taking bisphosphonate drugs to prevent the development of osteonecrosis of the jawbones.

Objective. Improvement of surgical oral cavity sanitation methods in patients with metastatic cancer who are taking bisphosphonate.

Methods. The clinical material of the study was 60 oncological patients with bone metastases, who had a history of treatment with bisphosphonate drugs, and were referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the N.I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital № 1. Patients in the first group had their teeth removed on an outpatient basis at their local polyclinic, while patients in the second group had their teeth removed using the developed technique. All patients underwent surgical treatment according to indications.

 Results. A comparative analysis showed that patients in the 1st group were referred to the City Clinical Hospital № 1 in 100% of cases due to a long-lasting tooth socket, while in the 2nd group, after surgical treatment, there was intensive tissue epithelization and no signs of inflammation in the immediate and long-term follow-up periods, which justifies the performance of alveolectomy, which reduces the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw in the area of the surgery.

Conclusion. The analysis of the data obtained showed that the developed and implemented method of surgical oral cavity sanitation contributes to the effective regeneration of the tissues of the alveolar process or part of the jaws. The results obtained confirm the prospects of using a gentle alveolectomy for patients who are undergoing treatment for cancer using bisphosphonates.

Relevance. With active orthodontic treatment of children, the use of non-removable devices with dental fixation causes many side effects on the oral mucosa, which receive little attention, leading to the formation of oral dysbiosis, the addition and recurrence of secondary fungal, herpes infection and injury. These conditions lead to great discomfort from the oral cavity, and sometimes require the suspension of orthodontic treatment.

Objective: to optimize the methods of prevention and treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa in children undergoing orthodontic treatment on fixed devices with dental fixation.

Materials and methods: the study involved 31 children from 6 to 10 years old undergoing orthodontic treatment with devices: HAAS (n=19), Derichsweiler (n=12). After analyzing the survey, the main complaints and symptoms of pathology of the oral mucosa were revealed. After a clinical examination and a thorough analysis of all the elements included in the apparatus, all risk factors for oral mucosa pathology were identified and preventive and curative measures were proposed to eliminate them.

Conclusions: early application of preventive measures to eliminate risk factors in the occurrence of various stomatitis in children undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed devices with dental fixation reduced the risk of recurrence of secondary infection and dysbiosis of the oral cavity and increased the level of dental health, as the indicators of «restriction of function» were 3.4±1.2 points versus 0.7± 0.2 and «psychological discomfort» – 4.9±1.3 points versus 1.85±0.3.

Objective. To study the micromechanical bonding of brackets to the enamel surface under laboratory conditions using the fifth-generation composite «CompoFix Ortho» (Vladmiva, Russia) in comparison with the adhesive «Transbond XT» (USA), taking into account the bond strength to self-ligating and ligature brackets.

Materials and methods. To study the bond strength of brackets with samples consisting of 20 teeth (premolars) extracted for orthodontic indications without caries lesions, randomly divided into two groups of 10 teeth with direct bonding of brackets. Group 1 used self-ligating brackets, while Group 2 used ligature brackets. In both groups, the bond strength of the bracket to the enamel was studied with two types of adhesives: the adhesive and primer of the 5th generation composite «CompoFix Ortho» (RF) in comparison with «Transbond XT» (USA) with Orthos composite. Samples were tested for the presence of adhesive residues using the Adhesive Residue Index (ARI) scale.

Results. The average adhesive bond strength when detaching metal brackets from tooth enamel using the composite «CompoFix (Ortho)» (RF) and its foreign analogue «Transbond XT» (USA) was 7.6 ± 0.3 MPa (P ≥ 0.05), but statistically differed (P ≤ 0.05) between self-ligating (7.8 ± 0.3 MPa) and ligature brackets (7.1 ± 0.15 MPa).

Conclusion. The results of experimental studies demonstrate that the fifth-generation domestic adhesive complex «CompoFix (Ortho)» can be recommended for use in orthodontic practice for bonding metal brackets with two types of ligations to tooth enamel. The Adhesive Residue Index (ARI) showed a uniform adhesive bond between the metal bracket, the adhesive layer, and the enamel. Adhesion failure occurs uniformly between the adhesive layer and the metal bracket and the adhesive layer and the enamel when using the domestic adhesive complex and its foreign equivalent.

Today, the problem of prosthetics for patients with low clinical crowns of supporting teeth is urgent. Even observing all the requirements of dental preparation, the small area of the prepared supporting tooth is not able to fully ensure reliable fixation of the artificial crown and fixed bridge prosthesis. The dentist has to artificially increase the area of contact to ensure better retention using various mechanical and surgical methods. Surgical correction methods are quite traumatic. One of the methods of choice is gum retraction. To assess the intensity of restoration of the dental gingival complex after surgical correction, it is advisable to monitor the stages of healing using additional research methods.

 The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical correction in patients with low crowns of supporting teeth, depending on the level of dental gingival attachment according to cytological research.

Materials and methods. The study involved 110 patients with low crowns of supporting teeth, randomized into 2 groups depending on the level of dental gingival attachment. According to the cytological study, cytograms were analyzed, characterizing a particular type of inflammation/regeneration.

The results were calculated before the start of treatment, on days 3, 7 and 14. The volume fraction of lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, and epitheliocytes was studied, and the cell differentiation index was calculated. Positive dynamics was achieved in all comparison groups on the 14th day of follow-up. However, the intensity of the process was different depending on the level of attachment of the dental gingival complex. So, on days 3 and 7, the activity of the inflammatory process prevailed in patients of group I, in the second group there was a statistically significant improvement in all parameters, including the cell differentiation index.

 Conclusions. The level of dental gingival attachment should be taken into account when planning orthopedic treatment. When forming a subgingival ledge in compliance with a gentle preparation regimen, it is advisable to carry out the stages of orthopedic treatment after 2 weeks, since there is a risk of infection of periodontal tissues and the addition of a secondary infection.

Analysis to results of different studies, the prevalence of occlusal anomalies associated with functional and morphological disorders of the maxillofacial system ranges from 24.5 to 37.3%. In addition to functional deficiencies, changes in facial aesthetics negatively impact patients’ psychological well-being and their ability to adapt socially. Detailed diagnostics are essential for the successful planning of treatment for patients with gnathic forms of occlusal anomalies. One of the key methods of functional diagnostics is kinesiography. Without adequate assessment of patients’ functional adaptation both before and after combined treatment, it is impossible to plan for a positive rehabilitation outcome. Kinesiographic studies provide precise graphical representations of the movement of the lower jaw with digital values, which is especially important for determining the optimal treatment strategy and achieving both functional and aesthetic results.

Materials and methods. A total of 40 patients aged 18 to 44 with the gnathic form of mesial occlusion were examined both prior to and following combined treatment based on kinesiographic findings, and a comparative assessment was made with skeletal forms of distal occlusion and normative values.

Results and discussion. Kinesiography is one of the most effective technologies for conducting functional analysis of the maxillofacial region in patients with various dental anomalies.

Background. Modern development of personalized medicine dictates the advisability of a detailed study of the variants of individual-typological variability of the structures of the craniofacial region, as well as the patterns of their interrelations in assessing the harmonious development of the dentoalveolar system. Expanding knowledge about the topographic and anatomical features of the position of the hyoid bone and tongue, as well as their relationships with other structures of the maxillofacial region using digital technologies, will allow individual lizing diagnostics and increasing the effectiveness of therapeutic measures of dentists and related specialists.

Goal. Identification of individual-typological variability of the position of the hyoid bone and tongue in adult patients with physiological types of bite based on the results of cephalometric analysis.

Materials and methods. Cephalometric analysis of the TRG of the head in the lateral projection (OnDemand3D™ Dental software, CEPH module) was performed in 106 patients aged 18–32 years with physiological types of occlusion. The patients, taking into account the value of the angle of the lower jaw, were divided into three groups: Group 1 – patients (n = 29) with a vertical type of facial skeleton growth; Group 2 – patients (n = 39) with a neutral type of facial skull structure; Group 3 – patients (n = 38) with a horizontal type of facial skeleton growth. To determine the topography of the hyoid bone, linear (H-Me, H-CIII, CIII-Me, H-Н’, H-Х, H-Y) and angular (<S-N-H, < Ba-S-N) indicators were identified, characterizing the position of the os hyoideum relative to the cervical spine and bones of the facial skull. When analyzing the morphometric values of the tongue, the method of T.M. Graber (1997) was used, establishing its length (TGL), thickness (TsurA), and when assessing the position of the tongue, the distance between points on the lateral surfaces of the tongue and the dome of the palate in the sagittal plane along the lines T1-T7.

Results. In people with the horizontal growth type, the distance H-Me (according to Me) exceeds similar values in people with the neutral type by 1.52 (p≤0.05) times, in the vertical type – by 1.50 (p≤0.05) times, while the increase in the radiographic length of the tongue TGL (according to Me) is not reliable (p≥0.05), and is 1.10 and 1.05 times, respectively. The prevalence of the linear values H-Me and TGL in people of the 3rd group is due to the tendency of the lower jaw to the horizontal growth type.

Conclusions. The stability of the hyoid bone topography in patients with physiological occlusion is affected by the inclination of the lower jaw, the growth type (vertical, neutral, horizontal) of the facial part of the head, as well as the position of the head and neck (postural compensation). Studying the position of the tongue on CBCT of the skull in sagittal, frontal projections by assessing the degree of filling of its dome of the palate is an important predictive diagnostic criterion indicating the presence/absence of anatomical and functional disorders in the dental apparatus.

Relevance. Peri-implantitis is one of the common problems in modern dentistry. Methods of prevention and treatment of patients with implantitis do not provide high efficiency. Objective: to increase the efficiency of treatment of patients with peri-implantitis by developing a method of using a gel based on a liposomal antioxidant-phospholipid complex in combination with low-intensity laser radiation.

Materials and methods. A retrospective and prospective study of 90 patients with peri-implantitis and 12 patients without inflammatory phenomena aged 25 to 55 years was conducted with control after treatment and after 1, 3, 6, 12 months. The hygiene index OHI-S, PI, PMA, bleeding indices and the Schiler – Pisarev test were assessed. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), determination of implant stability (IS), laser fluorescence diagnostics (LFD) of the hygiene level were performed; radiographic examination. In group IA – application of a gel based on a liposomal antioxidant-phospholipid complex, in IB – exposure to low-intensity laser radiation in the infrared range with an output power of 25 mW, in IB – application of gel (similar to IA) in combination with exposure to low-intensity laser radiation (similar to IB); group II (control) without inflammation around the implant.

Results. After 12 months, the greatest decrease in OHI-S, on average, by 80.8% (p<0.05) was observed in IB and IB. A significant decrease in LDF by 45.21% (p<0.05), PI by 53.3% (p<0.05), PMA by 46.9% (p<0.05), bleeding index by 39.8% (p<0.05) and predominant normalization of microcirculation, oxygen consumption and oxidative metabolism indices were revealed in patients in Group IB.

Conclusion. The use of the physico-pharmacological method of treating patients with peri-implantitis provided the greatest reduction in subjective manifestations withmaximum correction of periodontal indices against the background of progressive normalization of microcirculation and the level of oxidative metabolism with a remission of 12 months.

Orbital morphometric parameters are of clinical importance in cases of traumatic injuries, congenital anomalies, tumors, and other pathological conditions. The morphology of the orbital apertures demonstrates both individual and population variability. Despite the presence of several publications, studies of cephalometric orbital parameters based on three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) remain limited.

Objective. To assess the dimensions and shapes of orbital apertures using 3D cephalometric analysis.

Methods. A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted, including CT data of adult patients. Cephalometric measurements of linear and angular orbital parameters were performed; facial and orbital indices were calculated; the shapes of orbital apertures, orbital cavity, and supraorbital margin were determined. Automated image analysis was implemented using artificial intelligence algorithms. Statistical processing was performed using descriptive and comparative methods at a significance level of p<0.05.

Results. The study included 300 patients, comprising 150 males and 150 females aged 18–45 years (mean age 31.8 ± 7.6 years; no significant sex differences in age, p>0.05). No statistically significant sex-related differences in linear orbital dimensions were observed. Facial parameters were significantly greater in males (p<0.001). The left orbital index was higher in males (p=0.037), although the difference lost significance after multiple comparison adjustment. Interorbital distance was greater in males (p<0.001). The predominant orbital type was megaseme (72–81%), and the most frequent aperture shape was rectangular. Orbital inclination and zygomatico-orbito-maxillary complex angulation showed no sexual dimorphism. No correlation was found between the facial and orbital indices.

 Conclusion. This study presents a comprehensive 3D cephalometric analysis of orbital aperture dimensions and shapes. The findings demonstrate high stability of orbital morphometric characteristics with minimal sexual dimorphism, establish regional normative reference values, and highlight clinical significance. The results are applicable for planning reconstructive procedures and may also be used in forensic examinations and anthropological research.

SUMMARY

Objective. To assess the association between the degree of exposure to cement production and thickening of the maxillary sinus mucosa (MSM) on CBCT scans, taking into account age and sex, while excluding patients with obvious/acute odontogenic pathology and those who have undergone maxillary sinus surgery.

Materials and methods. Retrospective observational study (Chechen Republic; 11.06.2025–25.09.2025). A total of 196 patients aged 21–65 years (M=125; F=71) were included, divided into 3 cohorts: cement plant workers (n=79), residents of the nearby settlement Chiri-Yurt (n=53), and residents of remote control areas (Shalinsky, Kurchaloyevsky, Gudermesky districts; n=64). CBCT: OP 3D DTX, FOV 9×11; two measurements of the maxillary sinus floor mucosal thickness (anterior/posterior sections), with the mean value used for analysis. Categories: ≤0.8; 0.9–2.0; 2.1–4.0; >4.1 mm. Overall sample: 13.3% (≤0.8), 52.6% (0.9–2.0), 31.1% (2.1–4.0), 3.1% (>4.1). Statistics: Pearson’s χ² (3×4): χ²=37.88; df=6; p=1.18e-06; Holm correction for pairs. Threshold ≥2.1 mm: workers 50.6% (95% CI 39.8–61.4), Chiri-Yurt 43.4% (95% CI 31.0–56.7), control 6.2% (95% CI 2.5–15.0); OR (vs control): workers 15.38 (5.10–46.41), Chiri-Yurt 11.50 (3.65–36.27). Exposure trend is significant (Z=5.46; p=4.63e-08).

Conclusion. Exposure to cement production (working and living nearby) is associated with a significantly higher frequency of mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus floor compared to distant areas.

Due to the growing number of patients with odontogenic phlegmons of the maxillofacial region, the search for new methods of local and general treatment remains relevant today, allowing not only to reduce the risk of infection, but also to improve the course of the wound process. The present study presents a clinical case of treatment of a patient with odontogenic phlegmon of the maxillofacial region using vacuum therapy. After a comprehensive examination of the patient, surgical intervention was performed, during which vacuum therapy was used to drain the wound, in combination with antibacterial, desensitizing, antithrombotic, detoxification therapy and pain medications. After surgery on days 1, 3, and 5, the local wound status was assessed based on dynamic visual observation and a photocall: the presence of hyperemia, edema, and tissue infiltration, and a general blood analysis and biochemistry were performed, paying special attention to hemogram and C-reactive protein parameters. The results of complex treatment of odontogenic phlegmon of the maxillofacial region have shown that the use of vacuum therapy improves the drainage of wound exudate, cleansing and perfusion of the wound, thereby accelerating its healing, as well as shortening the period of inpatient treatment.

A study was conducted involving 105 patients. Each patient underwent bone grafting in the anterior region of the maxilla and/or mandible. The thickness of the vestibular cortical plate was assessed at the level of the middle and lower thirds of the root preoperatively, as well as 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. It was determined that the mean change in the obtained regenerate volume throughout the entire study period was 0.1 mm. This indicates a low degree of resorption of the bone graft material used and the efficacy of the applied methodology. Thus, the resulting conglomerate effectively and durably performs its primary function of support and retention.

The high prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth among young patients and children with comorbidities remains a critical issue in pediatric dentistry and requires the exploration of effective solutions.

The purpose of the study is to develop an algorithm for providing dental care to children under general anesthesia.

Materials and methods. A total of 398 medical records of children treated under GA at the Moscow Regional Dental Clinic were analyzed. The dental status of patients, stages of treatment preparation, and outcomes of dental treatment under GA were evaluated for healthy children (group 1) and children with comorbidities (group 2).

Results. The duration of anesthesia in both groups was contingent upon the extent of the treatment and revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups (120.81±36.05 mi-nutes and 124.57±43.00 minutes, p>0.05). The mean number of teeth treated for pulpitis and the number of crowns placed were significantly greater in Group 1 (p<0.05). Moreover, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of tooth extractions among children in Group 2 (2.54±2.90 and 3.57±3.77, p<0.05).

Conclusions. For children with severe comorbid conditions, comprehensive dental treatment and an expanded indication for tooth extraction are essential to reduce the risk of repeated interventions. The limitations of therapeutic procedures underscore the need for an individualized approach to early prevention. When planning treatment involving general anesthesia, it is crucial to clearly define the indications and contraindications, ensure the possibility of medical check-ups at the patient’s residence, maintain effective communication with parents, and collaborate with colleagues at every stage of treatment. These factors are key to enhancing the organization of dental care for children undergoing general anesthesia.

Up to 970 million people in the world suffer from various mental illnesses. At the same time, comorbid pathology associated with disorders of somatic and dental health is often present. Patients have a reduced level of compliance, lack motivation to perform individual oral hygiene and regularly visit a dentist. Quality of life (QOL) can decrease due to diseases of hard tissues of teeth and periodontium. To the greatest extent, these problems are noted in patients who have lived in psychiatric long-term care facilities for a long time.

The purpose of the study: to assess the relationship between the state of dental health and QOL in patients with mental illnesses living in psychiatric long-term care facilities.

Materials and methods. The study included 135 male patients (the main group – OG), located in psychiatric long-term care facilities in Arkhangelsk. In accordance with the psychiatric diagnosis, all the examined subjects of the main group were divided into subgroups: with schizophrenia, mental retardation, dementia, organic personality disorder. The comparison group (CG) included 40 men without mental pathology. The dental examination consisted of determining the indices: caries intensity, oral hygiene, bleeding gums, loss of periodontal attachment, tooth mobility. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used to assess oral health-related QOL.

Results. A weak inverse correlation was found between dental health-related  QOL and mental illness diagnosis (p= 0,002; r=-0,229). Moreover, a weak inverse correlation was found between the presence of mental illness (the trait was considered as a dichotomous variable) and the level of QOL (p = 0,007; r= -0,204).

Conclusion. The level of QOL, determined by the state of dental health, is associated with the presence of mental illness. It is important to note that with extremely high rates of prevalence and intensity of dental caries, periodontal diseases, patients with mental illnesses are not critical enough to self-assess the state of dental health and its impact on QOL.

Objective: to perform a structured analysis of Russian and international publications devoted to the oral and hygienic status of children living in residential care institutions, and to identify specific risk factors and effective preventive approaches. An analytical review of recent sources (mainly published over the past 10 years) was conducted, focusing on dental caries epidemiology, access to dental care, oral hygiene behavior and social determinants of health. Children in institutional care demonstrate a higher prevalence of caries and poorer oral hygiene compared to peers raised in families. Several studies emphasized insufficient competence of caregivers, irregular hygiene routines and limited access to preventive programs. International data highlight the importance of family-centered prevention models, which places institutionalized children at a systemic disadvantage regarding oral health. The need for tailored preventive programs involving teachers, medical staff and social workers was established. Strengthening educational interventions and improving access to professional preventive care is recommended.

Introduction. Recently, the number of young and middle-aged military personnel who have completed or are serving in the military under various forms of conscription and who require comprehensive dental rehabilitation has increased significantly. In this regard, there was a need for a comprehensive study of the dental health of this category of citizens, which determined the relevance of this publication.

Objective – to conduct an analysis of the existing Russian literature devoted to the dental health of young and middle-aged military personnel, characterizing their need for dental treatment.

Methodology. The research method was a theoretical analysis of 46 available Russian literature sources that published information on dental morbidity among young and middle-aged military personnel. The study used relevant scientific articles published in various databases, containing information on the assessment of the condition of the organs and tissues of the mouth in young and middle-aged military personnel.

Results. Thus, the analysis of published scientific data, based on the results of examinations of young and middle-aged military personnel serving under various forms of conscription, revealed that despite the high level of coverage of this category of citizens by preventive examinations (71,0±1,0 − 92,4±1,2%), the indicator of their need for dental treatment remains significant (73,3±2,4 − 79,9±2,1%). The main place in the structure of dental diseases is expectedly occupied by therapeutic diseases – 76.0%, diseases of surgical and orthopedic profile are much less common – 12.0% respectively, and 17.8% of them needed orthodontic treatment

. Conclusion. Studying the dental health of young and middle-aged military personnel serving under various forms of conscription is necessary for planning the provision of highly qualified dental care to them after completion of military service.

Taking into account the continuing search for the optimal material for the production of dental implants, it seems relevant to compare, according to the literature, the physico-chemical properties (mechanical properties, osseointegration ability, fatigue endurance of titanium (cpTi grade 1-4, Ti-6Al-4V) and yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) used for the production of dental implants. The analysis of published experimental clinical papers (in vitro, in vivo), studies using simulations based on the finite element method. The review shows a comparable ability to osseointegration in both materials, zirconium dioxide demonstrates a higher modulus of elasticity and hardness, but increased sensitivity to fatigue. Titanium retains the advantage of plasticity and proven long-term operation. Thus, titanium remains the most versatile and predictable material, while zirconium implants are a real and promising alternative for a number of clinical cases.

In the course of the research work, the morphological characteristics of the inorganic filler of five commercial and one experimental dental restorative composite materials containing nanosized particles were assessed using a Tescan Vega 3 LMH scanning electron microscope (Tescan, Brno, Czech Republic). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the studied samples of imported paste-like composite materials contained fillers similar in shape and size: prepolarized conglomerates of irregular shapes ranging from 3 to 40 µm, consisting of nanoscale spheres less than 200 nm in size, and individual spherical particles up to 200 nm in size. The prepolarized filler in the low-modulus (flowable) imported composite had  a smaller diameter of 3 to 30 µm and a more regular spherical shape. The fillers in the Russian-produced composite materials had fragmented particles, with some of the filler consisting of micron-sized clusters ranging from 5 to 30 µm, formed by nanoscale spherical particles less than 100 nm in size. The experimental composite material contained microspheres ranging in size from 5 to 20 µm, consisting of nanoscale spherical particles up to 450 nm in size. In terms of morphological structure, the experimental composite is comparable to fillers of modern imported commercial dental composite materials.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of zirconium oxide dental implants, including biomechanical modeling and an assessment
of the potential for additive manufacturing. The aim of the study was to validate the effectiveness of stereolithography for creating zirconium
implants with complex geometries and compare their biomechanical behavior with their titanium counterparts. In the first stage, a finite
element analysis (FEA) was performed in Ansys Mechanical. A 3D model of the crown-abutment-implant system integrated into cortical and
cancellous bone (considered an orthotropic material) was used for the simulation. A static load of 250 N was applied to the titanium and
zirconium models in five vector configurations. The results of the von Mises equivalent stress calculations showed that zirconium implants are
characterized by a higher stress concentration within the body of the implant, but provide lower load transfer to the surrounding bone tissue
compared to titanium implants, especially under oblique impact, which is beneficial for bone preservation. In the second stage, a prototype
implant (Straumann BLT NC 8 mm) was manufactured using layer-by-layer stereolithography (SLA) from zirconia partially stabilized with yttria.
This technology allowed for the production of highly precise, thin-walled components with complex profiles, free of internal defects (cracks
and pores), and with minimal waste. After sintering at 1400–1550°C, the resulting samples demonstrated flexural strengths of approximately
1000 MPa and compressive strengths of 2070 MPa. The study results confirm that the combination of high strength properties of additively
bonded zirconia and favorable load distribution on bone tissue opens up broad possibilities for the personalized use of ceramic implants in
clinical dentistry.

Technical innovation plays a key role in modern life, and it is precisely this innovation that has driven the development of digital technologies in dentistry. In the 1980s, CAD/CAM systems emerged in dental practice. These systems reduced manual workload and offered such qualities as precision, ergonomics, cleanliness, versatility, and high productivity. These systems became extremely popular among doctors and patients, ushering in a new era of dental care. The significant popularity of CAD/CAM technologies in dentistry and their demand served as the basis for the development of a domestic technology for the production of nanostructured ceramic CAD/CAM blanks for dentistry. In the previous phase of the study, the influence of spray drying parameters on the characteristics of the resulting powders was studied, and various powder sintering methods, such as free-flow and spark plasma sintering (SPS), were analyzed to achieve ideal density, mechanical strength, and crack resistance [7]. As part of the current stage of work, it is planned to manufacture experimental samples of CAD/CAM blanks from ceramic composites based on zirconium dioxide.

Introduction. Modern dental materials, such as multilayer zirconium dioxide (YSZ), lithium disilicate (IPS e.max), and advanced lithium disilicate (CEREC Tessera), must combine high strength and aesthetics. Traditional destructive mechanical tests are not sufficient for their comprehensive evaluation. Non-destructive testing using pulse acoustic microscopy is more promising. This method allows for detailed investigation of the elastic properties and microstructure of ceramics, including after various sintering modes.

Materials and methods. Samples in the form of rectangular prisms (14×4×2 mm) were manufactured using CAD/CAM milling. Multilayer zirconium dioxide blanks were oriented in a disc to vary the yttrium oxide content. After milling, they were sintered in standard and high-speed modes. Silicate ceramic samples were treated only by high-speed firing. No additional processing was performed after sintering. The elastic characteristics were evaluated using a SIAM 2017 pulsed acoustic microscope. The velocities of longitudinal and transverse sound waves were measured using A-scans. Based on these velocities and the density of the material, the elastic moduli were calculated: shear (G), bulk compression (K), Young’s (E) and Poisson’s ratio (µ).

Results and conclusions. Characteristic values of elastic constants were established for two classes of materials: the Poisson’s ratio of zirconium dioxide (~0.33) is statistically significantly higher than that of lithium disilicate-based glass-ceramics (0.24–0.25). The firing mode has a systematic effect on the structure of the material: speed firing leads to a decrease in density (which is associated with residual porosity) and a slight but measurable decrease in the elastic modulus. The data obtained on the differences in the elastic properties of materials should be taken into account when selecting ceramics for clinical use and designing structures, especially in areas of increased functional load, to ensure the durability of prostheses.