Review was carried out using the RSCI, Google Scholar, Pubmed, and ReserchGate databases. When biologically active substances (BAS) are used as functional ingredients in the composition of specialized food products (SPP) of dietary therapeutic and dietary preventive nutrition, the problems of choosing their dose arise. There are epidemiological data on the level of consumption of BAS with food, an associative relationship between the level of consumption of biologically active substances and the risk of diseases, as well as the results of assessing clinical efficacy are described. The content of BAS is regulated by regulatory documents that establish an adequate and upper permissible level of consumption as part of the SPP.

The purpose of the review is to assess the level of dietary intake of curcumin, carotenoids, β-glucans, and taurine, and to compare the doses allowed for use as part of the SPP with doses that provide a clinical effect. An analysis of literature data showed that the consumption of taurine with a normal

diet is 50–400 mg, curcumin – 10–1500 mg, β-carotene – 0.8–10 mg, lycopene – 5–10.5 mg, lutein – 1–3 mg, zeaxanthin – 0.1–0.6 mg, cereal β-glucans – 0.7–2.8 g, mushroom β-glucans – 0.9–1.8 g. With the exception of β-glucans, especially cereals, these values do not exceed the current upper allowable consumption level as part of the SPP. The results of clinical trials have shown that effective daily doses for lutein are 15 mg, taurine are 1.5–3 g, curcumin are 300–1600 mg, cereal β-glucans are 3–8 g, mushroom and yeast β-glucans are about 1 g. These data indicate the need to increase the amount of BAS as part of the SPP of dietary therapeutic nutrition to clinically justified values. At the same time, the given data indicate the expediency of differentiating the SPP, depending on the doses of BAS, into 2 categories: SPP for preventive and SPP for therapeutic action. SPP for dietary preventive nutrition is necessary to compensate the insufficient intake of essential micronutrients and achieve an adequate level of consumption of BAS, which will reduce the risk of alimentary-dependent diseases. In order to provide a clinical effect in pathological conditions, dietary therapeutic SPP should contain higher doses of biologically active substances that exceed the adequate intake level, but do not reach the upper safe intake level.

The diet of the majority of the adult population does not meet the principles of a healthy diet. Modifiable factors are associated with lifestyle and diet, which play an important role in the development of diseases. Sufficient intake of energy, protein and micronutrients from food serves as a prophylactic factor for a number of chronic non-communicable NCDs. Among all groups of the adult population, the most sensitive to unbalanced, deficient nutrition of women during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as the elderly. As a result, the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition among the elderly and senile is from 15 to 90 %. The physiological course of pregnancy and the adequate formation of the fetus are impossible in conditions of a lack of nutrients. Protein-energy insufficiency and a lack of microelements in the body of a pregnant woman leads to complications of the gestational process, deterioration of the fetus, and can cause the development of a significant spectrum of chronic NCDs in a child. The choice of a product for optimizing the nutrition of vulnerable groups of the population, taking into account their physiological characteristics, seems to be an urgent task. The purpose of this study was to study the feasibility and relevance of using in the diet of vulnerable groups of the population (the elderly, pregnant and lactating women) an fortified product based on goat’s milk. Compared to cow’s milk, goat’s milk has a greater nutritional and biological value, is easier to digest, its fatty acid composition has an anti-inflammatory effect, helps reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and prevent cardiovascular diseases, and also helps strengthen the immune system, improves calcium absorption, and does not violate absorption of iron. Additional enrichment of goat milk products with vitamins and microelements increases their nutritional value. An actual way to correct the nutrition of vulnerable groups of the population is the introduction of fortified products made on the basis of goat’s milk into the diet.

In recent years, the role of vitamin D in women’s reproductive health has been widely studied. Accumulated experimental evidence suggest that vitamin D may play a modulating role in the metabolic and hormonal indicators of women’s fertility. This review reflects numerous of clinical studies on the potential impact of vitamin D on the female reproductive system. Analysis of data indicates the need for further randomized clinical trials of vitamin D.

Optimal nutrition, balanced in calories and containing all essential nutrients in adequate amounts, is an important condition for the proper fetus development and pregnancy complications prevention. Vitamins and minerals play an essential role in the regulation of metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, growth and development of the fetus. They also affect the mother’s body, preventing the development of pregnancy-related diseases. Despite the obvious need for vitamins and minerals for the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus, questions remain about the advisability of additional intake of certain micronutrients and their dosages during pregnancy. Our article is devoted to the analysis of recent data on the intake of vitamins A, D, folic acid, iron, calcium and magnesium during pregnancy and their effect on the fetus and mother.

Neurodietology is a multidisciplinary science based on knowledge of neuroscience and dietology and aiming to optimize the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases through qualitative and quantitative modulation of the composition of diets, alimentary prevention of diseases of the nervous system, when the latter is possible, as well as optimization of psychomotor and intellectual functions. It should be noted that neurodietology and approaches to the choice of therapeutic nutrition every year occupy an increasingly strong position in world clinical medicine. The variability of nutritional approaches to the practical treatment of neurological pathology in patients reflects the versatility of modern neurodietology. Therefore, it is no coincidence that childhood neurodietology has been widely used in Russia, which cannot be said about nutritional approaches in the treatment of adult patients of this profile. In addition, violations of the nutritional status and the lack of its timely correction reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures – the most important link in the complex treatment of neurological patients, prevention of disability and increasing social adaptation. If it is impossible to provide an adequate level of intake of nutrients and energy in the standard way, it is necessary to prescribe nutritional support in a timely manner using specialized food products, including biologically active food supplements.

The epidemic of obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus currently observed in developed countries requires new approaches to the prevention and treatment. Besides the hypercaloric diet micronutrient deficiency is involved in the development of metabolic disorders. Recent diet changes due to the agrarian and food technological revolutions has led to the emergence of new micronutrient deficiencies, primarily magnesium. While its hypotonic action is well studied, magnesium’s positive effects on metabolism, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are currently the focus of researchers’ attention. The magnesium preparations reduce insulin resistance, improves anthropometric and laboratory markers of the metabolic syndrome. Detection of magnesium deficiency, including subclinical one, and correction of magnesium status are important tasks for the prevention and complex therapy of the metabolic syndrome. Given the higher bioavailability and lower incidence of side effects, organic magnesium salts are preferable.

A growing body of nutritional evidence shows that we are indeed «what we eat» and the fatty acid content of our diet has far-reaching physiological implications, many of which we are only just beginning to understand. A variety of fatty acids are present in the human diet, in the human bloodstream, and in human cells and tissues. Fatty acids are energy sources and components of membranes. They have biological activities that affect cellular and tissue metabolism, function and response, hormonal and other signals. Through these effects, fatty acids affect health, well-being, and disease risk. While the health effects of fatty acids have traditionally been of greatest interest in cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases such as diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and reproductive and neurocognitive disorders, it is now clear that fatty acids are also involved in a number of other diseases, including skin diseases, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea, acne.

Human milk uniquely combines nutritional, immunological, enzymatic and hormonal properties. The properties of secretory IgA (sIgA) have been studied for more than half a century, the role of oligosaccharides has been studied for more than 30 years, and the importance of breast milk stem cells has been discussed for more than 10 years. Wide interest, including in connection with SARS-CoV-2-, HIV-, rota-, norо-, herpes- and other viral infections, was caused by various (more than 10 types) protective factors with antiviral activity present in human milk. This review discusses the properties and significance of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, oligosaccharides, lysozyme, cytokines as antiviral factors of both scientific and practical importance.

Relevance of topic. The course of atopic dermatitis complicated by food allergies, as well as the use of an elimination diet, can significantly worsen patient’s quality of life and affect his eating behavior.

Aim of the study was to assess indicators of the quality of life and eating behavior in children with severe atopic dermatitis and food allergies.

Methods. This study included children of age 4–13 years 11 months, hospitalized in Dermatology with the Laser Surgery department in the National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health from September 2021 to May 2022. Anthropometric indices, the index of the influence of atopic dermatitis on the quality of life, eating behavior parameters, bioimpedance analysis of body composition and analysis of the chemical composition of the diet were assessed in all children.

Results. A total of 92 children were included in the study. The course of atopic dermatitis had a very strong and strong impact on the quality of life – in 25.6 % and 39.0 % of children, respectively. Itching in 83.6 % of children and sleep disturbance in 86.6 % of children had the greatest impact on the quality of life. When assessing the eating behavior, there was an increase in the indicators of «emotional undereating», «slowness in eating» and «desire to drink» and a decrease in the «enjoyment of food». When analyzing anthropometric indicators, a correlation was established between BAZ, an indicator of quality of life (r= –0.44, p=0.01) and the indicator «enjoyment of food» (r=0.19, p=0.01). A positive correlation was also found between the quality of life index, disease duration (r=0.57, p=0.01) and the number of food groups excluded from the diet (r=0.51, p=0.03). A negative correlation was found between the indicators of quality of life, «food responsiveness» (r= –0.49, p=0.04) and «enjoyment of food» (r= –0.57, p=0.01).

Conclusions. Elimination diet has a significant impact on the quality of life and eating behavior of children with severe atopic dermatitis and food allergies. This suggests that the diet must be strictly justified both in terms of the set of excluded foods and in terms of its duration.

Preventive technologies contribute to the formation of a healthy lifestyle, healthy nutrition, the development of healthy eating habits and nutrition culture among schoolchildren. The article presents the ways of using and the possibilities of using modern preventive technologies to increase the motivation of students to a proper lifestyle, nutrition in the family and at school, raising awareness of students about healthy nutrition. When using them, it is necessary to carry out educational work at school and in the family with parents, with children, including medical professionals, teachers. The division of functions of specialists of different profiles to assist the family in the organization of proper nutrition of the child is indicated, what actions should be taken by a social service worker: a social pedagogue, a specialist in social work, a specialist in working with the family, so that parents competently and responsibly approach the nutrition of the child in the family. Digital learning models and the correct organization of their use provide additional opportunities for the formation of new and development of previously acquired skills and principles of proper, healthy nutrition, and the development and use of additional tools increases the literacy and effectiveness of teaching children and adolescents in the field of healthy nutrition. The effectiveness of the work carried out depends on a properly organized set of preventive measures by specialists of various profiles.

Introduction. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa belongs to the group of severe rare hereditary mechanobullous diseases. Often, the skin pathological process is difficult to treat, which leads to a decrease in the quality of life of such patients. The mechanism of development of transcutaneous sensitization in this category of patients is not excluded. This issue remains a very relevant area for study, given the characteristic nutritional deficiency and the difficulties that arise in the formation of the diet.

The aim: to assess the frequency of occurrence and characteristics of food sensitization in children with epidermolysis bullosa.

Materials and methods: the group included 164 children with epidermolysis bullosa (45 with rapid detection and 119 with dystrophic). For all patients, an assessment of the risk of an allergic history, determination of the total level of IgE and specific IgE of blood serum to the most significant food allergens (UniCAP system, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Results: food sensitization was detected in 34.1 % of children with epidermolysis bullosa (in 38.7 % of cases with dystrophic and in 24.4 % with a simple form of epidermolysis bullosa). Among the manifestations of food allergy in both groups, skin symptoms were more common. The most common etiological factors were products containing cow’s milk protein, eggs, and cereals. In the group of children with comorbid food allergies and epidermolysis bullosa, high and extremely high levels of total IgE were most common.

Conclusion: a high frequency of food sensitization in patients with epidermolysis bullosa, was shown, which is important not only from a scientific, but also from a practical point of view. Given the nutritional deficiency characteristic of this disease, the complexity of nutritional support, the presence of comorbid food allergies should be taken into account when recommending nutrition and selecting therapeutic products for this category of patients.