The article presents the results of a single-center open clinical trial of the use of the remineralizing gel «PRESIDENT Minerals gel 0+». The effectiveness of the drug in children in the period of mixed dentition with a compensated form of caries was studied.

Materials and methods. The study involved 19 children, mean age 8,3 years. The duration of the study is 1 month.Clinical indices and laboratory parameters were determined: DMF+df, OHI-S, PMA, the degree of enamel electrometry, calcium, glucose, total protein and antioxidant activity of saliva (AOA). Organoleptic properties were determined on a 5-point scale.

Results. After one month of using the remineralizing gel, a decrease in the hygiene index by 23,27%, a decrease in the electrometric evaluation of enamel by 15,58% were revealed. In saliva, a decrease in the level of protein by 33,13% and an increase in the content of calcium by 53,33% were revealed. The organoleptic properties of the gel were evaluated on a five-point scale at 4,31±0,22 points.

Conclusion. «PRESIDENT 0+ Minerals gel» with calcium lactate and hydroxyapatite has a remineralizing effect, good organoleptic properties and can be recommended for caries prevention in children.

Relevance. Currently, many new agents have appeared on the market for users of removable dentures to improve adhesion, i.e. fixation and stabilization of dentures. It is important to evaluate the effect of such agents on the denture bed mucosa.

Objective. Morphological substantiation of the effectiveness of the use of adhesive cream for fixation of prostheses Asepta Рarodontalu patients with removable dentures made of acrylic plastic.

Materials and methods. The study involved 49 patients (12 men and 37 women) of elderly age (62–75 years) who suffered complete loss of teeth on both jaws. All patients were divided into 3 study groups: 1 (control) group, who had previously refused to have full removable acrylic dentures made for them; 2 (comparison) group, patients to whom removable acrylic dentures were made and who did not use any means to improvetheir fixation; 3 (main) group, patients to whom full removable acrylic dentures were made and who during the adaptation period and subsequently for a year used a domestic adhesive cream for fixation; 3 (main) group, patients to whom full removable acrylic dentures were made. In order to solve the realization of the set goal of the study, a number of clinical and histological studies with the use of immunohistochemical method were carried out, outpatient charts of dental patients were analyzed.

Results. It was found that dystrophic and chronic inflammatory changes in the soft tissues of the denture bed were most pronounced in the case of using dentures without means to improve their fixation. At use of domestic adhesive cream for fixation of dentures Asepta Рarodontal the process of keratinization of the oral mucous membrane epithelium was minimal, there was no fibrosis of the own lamina of the mucous membrane, scattered infiltration was less expressed than in people not using acrylic dentures or using them without adhesive means, and was represented at the expense of lymphocytes, single neutrophilic granulocytes on the background of single leukostases. The immunohistochemical study showed that T-lymphocytes and mast cells were predominant in the preparations of group 2 patients, and they appeared in the preparations of this group of patients comparatively more than in the 1st control and 3rd main groups of the study, which confirmed the presence of the most pronounced chronic inflammatory infiltration in group 2 patients.

Conclusion. The most optimal condition of the denture bed mucosa was observed in patients who used removable acrylic dentures for a year and simultaneously applied an adhesive agent for their fixation (domestic adhesive cream for denture fixation Asepta Рarodontal). It is obviously connected with the protection of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed by the adhesive cream from the mechanical impact of a dense acrylic plastic prosthesis, as well as with the reduction of contact with food products aggressive in temperature and structure.

Melatonin is an indoleamine that is secreted not only in the pineal gland, but also in other organs, in particular the salivary glands. Numerous  studies show that melatonin levels in the saliva and serum of patients suffering from periodontal disease are reduced, suggesting that it may play  an important role in protecting tissues from damage caused by oxidative stress. Melatonin helps regulate the immune response and prevents  periodontal tissue damage. The inclusion of melatonin in the periodontal disease treatment regimen increases its effectiveness. Further research  is needed to determine the optimal forms and dosing regimens for melatonin.

Introduction. The emergence of new antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms, the widespread spread of viral and fungal diseases, as well as the growing allergisation of the population have generated interest in bacterial preparations – probiotics, which include living microorganisms – representatives, as a rule, of the obligate human microflora, which, when ingested in sufficient quantities, enter the body, retain their activity and viability, have a positive effect on the patient’s health.

The purpose of the study was to review the literature on this topic, to determine the concepts of the use of probiotics in dentistry, as well as to identify promising directions in the development of methods of therapy of periodontal diseases with their use.

Materials and methods. When studying this issue, scientific sources indexed in the Higher Attestation Commission, Scopus and Web of Sciences were analyzed.

Results. Probiotics are a recognized therapeutic adjunct for various generalized and systemic diseases of the oral cavity. Their role in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, as well as its complications, is a direction that has been studied quite fully in the last two decades. The evidence for this is reflected in many randomized control studies. To test various probiotic combinations, it is necessary to conduct multicenter studies so that patients can take advantage of the entire therapeutic spectrum of new drugs based on probiotics and synbiotics.

Relevance. The problem of traumatization of the oral mucosa with fixed orthodontic structures, especially at the initial stage of treatment, is one of the most urgent in orthodontics. Prolonged use of such structures often leads to adverse reactions from the oral mucosa in the form of chronic mechanical injury, burning, soreness, etc. The effectiveness of the use of alginate plates of the drug «Superlimf» as a correction of side effects from non-removable orthodontic equipment has been studied.

Objective. To study the effectiveness of the use of the domestic cytokine preparation «Superlimf» in the form of alginate plates in the treatment of traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa that occur in patients at the stages of orthodontic treatment with fixed equipment.

Materials and methods. The study included 35 people aged 18 to 25 years, of which 17 people used alginate plates «Superlimf» and 18 people – the control group – used orthodontic wax to protect the mucosa from injury.

Results. The use of alginate plates «Superlimf» showed a reduction in the duration of the inflammatory process, a significant reduction in painful manifestations and swelling.

Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the effectiveness of the drug «Superlimf» and allow us to recommend it for use in dental clinical practice.

Relevance. Simvastatin is a statin drug used for the clinical control of hypercholesterolemia. Over the past decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of studies on the possibilities of simvastatin, in many respects superior to the effect of lowering blood cholesterol levels. The use of simvastatin in the field of bone tissue regeneration, as well as its ability to reduce the inflammatory response, is being actively investigated.

The purpose of the review: to consider modern ideas about simvastatin and to study its pleiotropic effects.

Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific publications in the electronic databases eLIBRARY, PubMed and Google Scholar (articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews) for the time interval from 2015 to 2022 was carried out. Materials containing information on the hypocholes-terolemic activity of simvastatin and its mechanism of action, the use of simvastatin in periodontal practice, as well as the osteoinductive effect of simvastatin and its use in bone engineering are included.

Results. The review reviewed 83 articles, from which 53 articles were selected after reviewing the literature.

Conclusion. Based on the analyzed data, it can be concluded that the effects of simvastatin are multifaceted. Its anti-inflammatory activity has been proven by inhibiting interleukins and inflammatory mediators, participation in bone tissue regeneration by gene expression and stimulation of osteoblast cell differentiation.

Relevance. According to the conclusion of the European Federation of Periodontology, late complications of dental implantation include inflammation of the tissues in the reimplantation zone after the completion of osseointegration in the form of periimplantation mucositis and reimplantitis. According to many authors, in the first two months after dental implantation, in the case of initial insufficiency of soft tissue thickness in the operation area, when a minimum volume of biological width (3 mm on average) is formed, bone tissue loss is provoked, this property is especially pronounced when using lamellar dental implants. In the maxilla, overimplantation of a massive plate implant can lead to the development of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. The most traditional options for mucosal augmentation in the area of implantation in the maxilla are grafting with local tissues or autotransplantation of a free flap from a donor site. Also used are resorbable collagen matrices (Resorbable Collagen Matrix – RCM) or membranes that protect the underlying tissues from external influences, completely close the surgical wound, prevent pathological scarring and allow you to control the epithelialization process.

The purpose of the study. To increase the effectiveness of complex treatment of complicated reimplantitis in the maxilla, sinusoethmoiditis, by sanitation and the use of a collagen membrane for the combined closure of the oro-antral fistula.

Material and methods. The article is devoted to the clinical case of complications of the use of a lamellar dental implant in the maxilla, diagnosis and treatment by an interdisciplinary surgical team of the City Clinical Hospital N.I. Pirogov of the Department of Healthcare of Moscow. A staged surgical intervention for the removal of a detailed laminar implant, unilateral ethmoidotomy and maxillary sinusectomy, and combined closure of the oro-antral communication with the use of local tissue plasty with a flap from the cheek and the installation of a collagen membrane are described.

Results. To close a large bone defect in the area of the alveolar part of the maxilla, the bioPLATE Contur membrane was used, which is characterized by increased extensibility up to 50% of the original dimensions and elasticity. The mucoperiosteal flap was laid without tension over the collagen membrane and fixed with two-row interrupted sutures. The sutures were removed on the 14th postoperative day, the wound was epithelialized throughout, without signs of inflammation.

Conclusions. Complications of dental implantation in the maxilla are manifested in the form of a loss of bone volume and a defect in the alveolar margin of the maxilla, the development of inflammatory complications of adjacent tissues and anatomical structures. This requires a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosis and surgical treatment with a comprehensive planning of patient rehabilitation. The use of a combined method of closing a bone defect with a collagen resorbable membrane and a buccal mucoperiosteal flap with suturing with a double-row suture makes it possible to achieve a satisfactory course of the postoperative period, avoid recurrence of the oro-antral fistula, and prepare the patient for further dental rehabilitation.

The aim of the work was an experimental study of the effectiveness of activation of an antiseptic drug, using low-frequency and high-frequency ultrasound, against pathogenic microorganisms obtained from periodontal pockets.

 As a result of automatic cultivation of clinical strains: S. sanguis, P. intermedia, C. albicans, revealed more pronounced antimicrobial effect of Miramistin activated by low-frequency ultrasound (26.5 kHz) compared with the activation of this drug by high-frequency ultrasound (880 kHz). In the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases, in order to obtain a pronounced antimicrobial effect, preference should be given to the combined effects of low-frequency ultrasound and the antiseptic drug Miramistin 0.01%.

Relevance. Partial and complete loss of teeth are among the most common dental diseases. According to WHO, up to 75% of the world’s population suffers from them. Complete and partial secondary adentia are complex diseases that have a negative impact on the digestive, endocrine and nervous systems, as well as disrupting many other areas of the patient’s life, including social.

Objective. Study of the practical features of using different materials for clinical (direct) relining of removable denture bases, identifying their inherent positive qualities and disadvantages.

Materials and methods. During the clinical study, a comparative analysis of materials for direct (clinical) relining of removable dentures was carried out in 3 groups of patients. A total of 45 people took part in the study. The following materials were used: Rebaron (GC, Japan), Rebase II (Tokuyama, Japan), Nolatek (Vladmiva, Russia).

Results. It was established that the group of patients with prosthetic relining with Nolatek material showed the best clinical result.

Conclusion. The data we obtained allows us to conclude that the modern domestic light-curing polymer composite material Nolatek for clinical relining has a number of operational and clinical-technological advantages over cold polymerization materials.

The morphology of the articular tubercle of the temporal bone varies in the population and is being formed during the growth and development of the patient. When planning and implementing comprehensive dental treatment, it is necessary to take into account the individual parameters of the articular tubercle inclination in order to achieve a predictable result.

The aim of the research was to study the values of the articular inclination angle depending on the subjects’ skeletal class.

Materials and methods  A clinical cross-sectional retrospective simple centric study in which 265 patients participated: 80 men and 185 women.Clinical studies included filling in the dental formula, intraoral photographs of dentition, palpation of the masticatory muscles and the TMJ area, analysis of the jaws plaster models. Each subject underwent electronic axiography with registration of the lower jaw hinge axis movements. The assessment of the angle of articular inclination (SCI) during translational movements was carried out: protrusion-retrusion, right media intrusion, left media intrusion. The skeletal class was evaluated on the basis of cephalometry data by analyzing teleroentgenograms (TRG) in a lateral projection with markers of the hinge-suborbital axis.

Result. In the course of the study, the average values of the articular inclination angle were obtained for protrusion-retrusion, right-hand media intrusion, left-hand media intrusion according to the «Skeletal class» criterion. Differences were found between skeletal classes in terms of SCI.During protrusion – retrusion, the SCI values were significantly higher in the subjects with skeletal class II than in the subjects with skeletal class III. It should be noted that the subjects with II skeletal class with protrusion – retrusion had the highest values of SCI than the subjects with I and III skeletal classes, but no significant differences were found.

Conclusions

1. The values of the sagittal condular inclination depend on the skeletal class of jaw relationship.
2. A decrease in the values of sagittal condular inclination is a risk factor for the maxillofacial dysfunction development.
3. The lowest values of sagittal condular inclination were observed in subjects with the III skeletal class which requires special attention when diagnosing and treating this risk group.
4. The value of the sagittal condular inclination should be taken into account when modeling the anatomy of orthopedic structures during prosthetic treatment.

Relevance. One of the starting points for calculating the parameters of growth and the ratio of the jaws is considered to be the sagittal size of the anterior base of the skull. To this day, many orthodontists are guided by the average values of the anterior skull base, found in 1972. This article is devoted to the study of the comparison of the average statistical sagittal dimensions of the length of the anterior skull base in children of the Moscow region aged 4 to 16 years with occlusal ratios according to the first Angle class in 2023 with the data proposed in the studies of Dr. Jarabak in 1972.

Objective. To compare the average sagittal dimensions of the length of the anterior base of the skull in children of the Moscow region aged from 4 to 16 years with occlusal ratios for the first Engl class in 2023 with the data proposed in the studies of Dr. Jarabak in 1972.

Materials and methods. The study included 331 people aged 4 to 16 years. The sagittal dimensions of the length of the anterior base of the skull were calculated in the digital program for the analysis of CBCT in children with occlusive ratios in the first class of male and female Engl on the digital X-ray machine Planmeca ProMax 3D Max X-ray diagnostic centers «Golden Section».

Results. Male patients of the Moscow region approach the lower limits of the growth value of the anterior base of the skull only by the age of 12 and reach the confident values of the norm proposed by Dr. Jarabak only by the age of 16. And female patients in the Moscow region, for the most part, do not reach the limits of the norm proposed by Dr. Jarabak, lagging in values by 2–3 mm in a smaller direction.

Conclusion. It is necessary to calculate and develop norms for Russian children, taking into account racial characteristics, environmental conditions, nutritional conditions, physical and social development, which differ significantly, but at the same time strongly affect the growth and formation of skeletal structures.

Background. The implementation of the principles of evidence-based medicine in applied and fundamental research consists in the precision of morphometric measurements in determining the types, dimensions and spatial location of the facial and cerebral parts of the skull. Published scientific data on the variability of morphometric parameters of the alveolar arches are contradictory and heterogeneous due to the lack of definition of interdependencies with gender, age characteristics and individual features of the skull.

Goal. Investigation of the regularities between morphometric values and forms of the alveolar arches of the upper jaw in mesocrane, brachycrane and dolichocrane types of the skull.

Materials and methods. Morphometry was performed on 93 preparations of skulls with lower jaws of both sexes of the first and second periods of adulthood with physiological types of bite and the shapes of the alveolar arches of the upper jaw were established. Taking into account the value of the transverse-longitudinal index, the skulls of mesocrane (n=54; 58.1%), brachycrane (n=23; 24.7%) and dolichocrane (n=16; 17.2%) types were identified. The length, width, depth and diagonal of the alveolar arches were studied as morphometric parameters.

Results. The minimum and maximum limits of fluctuations of values, average statistical indicators, coefficients of variation are determined. The variability of the parameters of the alveolar arches of the upper jaw depending on the shape of the facial skull and gender characteristics was established. It is proved that the smallest values of the depth of the alveolar arch of the upper jaw are noted in brachycranes, the largest – in dolichocrans, while the smallest dimensions of the length, width of the alveolar arch of the upper jaw are determined in dolichocrans, and the largest – in brachycranes, while the smallest diagonal values of the alveolar arch of the upper jaw are revealed in mesocrans.

Conclusions. The shape of the alveolar arches in the mesocrane type of skull has a proportional arcuate shape, in brachycrania − an arcuate «wide and short» shape, in dolichocrania − an arcuate «narrow and long» shape. The obtained new data on the variant variability of the alveolar arches should be used when planning treatment tactics for patients with complete adentia.

Initial caries corresponds to the ICD-10 code – K 02.0 «enamel caries, white (chalky) spot stage» or – K 02.3 «suspended caries» in the form of a pigmented spot on the teeth. If caries in the form of a white spot is not always easy to diagnose and patients rarely seek dental care, then suspended caries is visually detected quite easily, especially with dark pigmentation, which worries patients, so the number of visits to the dentist in this pathology increases dramatically. At the same time, it can be considered that the initial caries goes through several stages in its development, which are detected during external examination in the form of a white spot or light , brown and black spots.