The review summarizes the results of the research conducted by the authors, devoted to the creation of a method for determining multidimensional relationships and its test approval in various pathological processes in the analysis of personal laboratory data of patients. The algorithm for processing laboratory data is based on the clustering method – selection from the general array of a homogeneous group close in the structure of the ratios of laboratory indicators to the analyzed observation and subsequent correlation analysis in the cluster group with the construction of a matrix table of coincidence of distinctive features of the influence on the structure of the ratios of the determined indicators. The authors determine the diagnostic differential value of the obtained correlation coefficients as a reflection of the influence of individual indicators in the implementation of alternative mechanisms of activation / inhibition of emerging disorders in personal observations. The proposed method for determining multidimensional relationships in laboratory analyses made it possible to differentiate the «personal» significance of the participation of various factors in the formation of pathological disorders, including with the same type of shifts in absolute indicators (above/below the norm), thereby defining a general paradigm and possible goals for targeted pharmacological correction in individual cases. It was also established that maintaining absolute values of the homeostatic indicators in individual observations can be carried out, including, due to a pronounced «deformation» of the balance of their general structure. These personal observations (with a pronounced deformation of the internal structure without deviations from the norm of absolute indicators), according to the researchers, should be attributed to signs of pre-clinical changes in laboratory indicators. The authors see the prospect of continuing the development and application of the created method in determining and analyzing the distinctive features of the functional connections of a wide range of indicators in various nosological forms of diseases at the choice of the researcher, revealing and objectifying the intersystemic connections of the dynamics of indicators of individual types of metabolism or a functional group with the creation of a common «knowledge base».

A study was conducted with the participation of 51 male patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‑19. 17 of them were diagnosed with anemia of chronic diseases. The study compared the parameters of hemogram, erythropoietin, iron metabolism (ferritin, transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor, total serum iron binding capacity (SIBC)), as well as interleukin‑1b (IL‑1b), interleukin‑6 (IL‑6), interleukin‑10 (IL‑10), necrosis factor tumors of alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with anemia of chronic diseases (AСD) on the background of COVID‑19 and a control group of COVID‑19 patients without anemia. As a result of the study of anemia markers, it was found that patients with COVID‑19 and anemia have the highest concentrations of erythropoietin, ferritin, and cytokines (IL‑1b, IL‑6, IL‑10, TNF-alpha), as well as a marker of immune system activity, CRP. In patients with COVID‑19 and AСD, decreased levels of markers reflecting the severity of anemia, such as transferrin and SIBC, as well as INF-γ levels, were detected. According to the results of the correlation analysis, different effects of cytokines on erythropoiesis, hemoglobin synthesis and iron metabolism in the body were revealed. ROC curves were used to analyze the studied markers of anemia in order to differentiate anemia in patients with COVID‑19. The most important markers for diagnosis were indicators of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and SIBC.

Background: serological profiling of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) using autoantibodies represents an additional non-invasive tool for differential diagnosis and prognosis of the clinical course of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Aim: to determine the frequency, diagnostic and prognostic significance of pancreatic autoantibodies (PAB), autoantibodies to glycoprotein 2 (GP2) and intestinal goblet cells antibodies (GAB) in assessing the clinical outcomes of CD and UC.

Materials and methods: the study included 117 patients with CD, 45 with UC and 24 with IBD unclassified (IBDU). The comparison group consisted of 36 patients with other gastrointestinal diseases (irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), celiac disease, autoimmune gastritis (AIH)), the control group consisted of 29 conditionally healthy individuals. The content of PAB and GAB class IgG was measured by the IIF method (EUROIMMUN AG, Germany), GP2 classes IgA and IgG and fecal calprotectin (FCP) – by the ELISA method (Generic Assays GmbH, Germany, BÜHLMANN Laboratories AG, Switzerland).

Results: the frequency of PAB IgG, GP2 IgA and GP2 IgG in patients with CD was 25.6%, 24% and 12%, respectively, which was significantly higher compared to patients with UC (6.6%, 15.5% and 4.4%), IBDU (4.1%, 12.5% and 0%), AIH (5.2%, 0% and 5.2%), IBS-D (0%, 0% and 0%) and the control group (6.9%, 3.4% and 6.9%) (p<0.05), while it did not differ from patients with celiac disease (9%, 18.2% and 9%). Combined determination of PAB IgG+ and/or GP2 IgA+/G+ has the highest predictive value in the differential diagnosis of CD from UC using the cutt-off value of GP2 IgG at ≥5.0 U/ml (sensitivity – 47%, specificity – 87%, AUC (95% CI): 0.64 (0.55–0.73), p<0.05). Seropositivity for PABs correlates with the level of FCP in CD, and also serves as an unfavorable prognostic marker of severe exacerbation, complicated form and the need for surgical treatment of CD. The incidence of GAB IgG in patients with CD was 21.3% vs. with UC – 35.5% (p = 0.2), IBDU – 25% (p = 0.9) and celiac disease – 9% (p = 0.4), while it was seronegative in patients with IBS-D, AIH and the control group. Determination of GAB IgG has a good predictive value in the diagnosis of UC, especially in combination with a seronegative result of determining PABs (sensitivity – 32%, specificity – 91.1% (AUC (95% CI) = 0.62 (0.54–0.69), p = 0.002), and can also serve as an additional marker of terminal ileitis and the need for surgical treatment of CD.

Conclusion: serological examination of IBD with combined determination of PAB IgG, GP2 IgA, GP2 IgG and GAB IgG allows to increase the efficiency of differential diagnostics and prediction of individual course of CD and UC.

Objective. To study the clinical and diagnostic value of the extended parameters of automated complete blood count in patients with congenital pneumonia at different serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT).

Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort single-center study was conducted; 203 patients with a confirmed Congenital Pneumonia were included. The extended parameters of automated complete blood count were performed using the hematological analyzer Sysmex XN (Sysmex Co., Japan) and were evaluated according to the serum concentrations of CRP and PCT. All patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (serum PCT level <1 ng/ml), group 2 (PCT level >1 ng/ml); group 3 (PCT concentration<10 mg/l), group 4 (PCT concentration>10 mg/l).

Results. The RE-NEUT% index turned out to be 9,3 times, TOTAL IG% 3,9 times, TOTAL IG# 2,9 times higher in the second group compared to the first one (p<0.01). When comparing groups 3 and 4, the indicators of RE-NEUT%, RE-NEUT#, TOTAL IG%, TOTAL IG# were higher (p<0,001) in the group 4 than in the group 3 (12,6, 10,8, 4,8, 4,9 times respectively). For the parameters RE-NEUT%, NE-SFL and the neutrophil index NE-SFL/NE-FSC, a high negative predictivity was established relative to the levels of standard markers of inflammation. RE-NEUT% below 2,9, NE-SFL below 45,1, NE-SFL/ NE-FSC index below 0,54 indicate a PCT level below 1 ng/ml with a probability of more than 95% (p<0,0001). Values of RE-NEUT% below 1,8, NESFL below 44,6, NE-SFL/NE-FSC index below 0,51 indicate a serum CRP level below 10 mg/l with a probability of more than 97% (p<0.0001). All the hematological parameters studied, except the white blood cell quantity had significant weak correlation with serum PCT and CRP concentrations.

Conclusion. The introduction of such parameters as RE-NEUT%, TOTAL IG%, NE-SFL, and neutrophil index NE-SFL/NE-FSC into routine laboratory practice for examining children with congenital pneumonia or suspected pneumonia may help to reduce the number of examinations of classical biochemical inflammatory markers and improve the assessment of children’s condition both at the admission to hospital and during subsequent monitoring of their condition.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in nosocomial settings.

Objectives To investigate the molecular genetic basis of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among K. pneumoniae isolates collected from a cardiac hospital in comparison to their phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles.

Methods. A total of 50 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from patients with signs of hospital-acquired purulent-septic infections in a cardiac surgery hospital. These isolates were subjected to a bacterial culture and sensitivity test against 13 different antimicrobial agents, as well as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the presence of genes encoding beta-lactamases, including TEM, CTX–M, SHV, OXA, KPC, VIM - 2, IMP - 1, and NDM - 1. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying betalactam resistance in K. pneumoniae and provide valuable insights into the development of strategies for effective treatment and prevention of nfections caused by these resistant strains.Amplification was performed using a DNA EngineDyad Thermal Cycler thermal cycler (Bio-Rad, USA), and band visualization and data documentation were conducted using the Gel-Doc XR gel documentation system (Bio-Rad, USA).

Results. Of the strains studied, K. pneumoniae, 6.0–40.0 – and 36.0% of isolates were found to have multiple, extreme, and pan-resistance to antibiotics, respectively. Based on the results of bacterial studies, 90% of K. pneumoniae isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. According to molecular genetic analysis, all isolates contained genes responsible for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae cultures were more prevalent in the anesthesiology and ICU departments than in surgical wards.

Discussion. The results of bacteriological and molecular genetic investigations confirm a high level of resistance. The prevalence of multidrugresistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a cardiac surgery hospital.

The objective of the study is to conduct a systematic review of the role of molecular genetic methods in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis. The review covers methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), drug resistance detection tests (GeneXpert), and sequencing. The analysis highlights the advantages of these methods compared to traditional diagnostic techniques like microscopy and culture methods. The study also addresses the challenges and prospects of implementing molecular diagnostics in clinical practice. A comprehensive approach was used to gather data from scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, and others). The main results confirm the high sensitivity and specificity of molecular methods, making them an essential part of modern tuberculosis diagnostics. Conclusions emphasize the need for further integration of molecular technologies with traditional approaches to enhance disease diagnosis and treatment.

Introduction. The thromboelastography method potentially can be used to assess the hemostatic potential of platelet concentrates (PC). Currently, in vitro thromboelastographic study of PC is not standardized.

The aim of the work. To evaluate hemostatic quality of PC by thromboelastography in a medium, similar to whole blood.

Materials and methods. We examined blood samples from donors, PC, harvested by apheresis, and PC, obtained by pooling platelet fractions, isolated from whole donor blood. To compare the data of thromboelastography and clinical efficacy, PC-doses were transfused to 11 patients for the relief or prevention of hemorrhagic syndrome. To assess the platelet′s hemostatic potential with thromboelastography, PC-samples were combined with filtered blood from donors (without platelets) in a 1:9 ratio, at the parallel we studied samples of whole blood and filtered blood from the same donors. We examined changes in thromboelastographic parameters (k and MA) under influence of PC-samples. Platelet morphofunctional analysis was performed using vital dyes and fluorescence microscopy. To assess the clinical effect of PC in patients after transfusion we evaluated the presence of complications and clinically pronounced hemorrhagic syndrome, corrected count increment of platelet after 24 hours.

Results. High variability of MA and k was observed in apheresis and pooled PC. The addition of PC into the filtered blood induced noticeable shortening of the time k, what is more, we observed correlation between morphofunctional parameters of PC-platelets and values k and MA. We proposed the criterion for assessing the PC hemostatic potential (HR), which is determined by the restoration in% of the hemostatic activity of filtered donor blood after PC addition. The analysis of the clinical effect showed that PC-doses with HR values > 95% and k < 4 min are the most effective. At HR > 95% and k < 4 min the hemostatic potential of PC is considered high, at HR from 75% to 95% and k < 4 – acceptable, at HR < 75% or HR < 95% and k > 4 – low. PC with high hemostatic potential are recommended for therapeutic transfusions (relief of hemorrhagic syndrome), PC with acceptable hemostatic potential are recommended for preventive transfusions, CT scans with low hemostatic potential are not recommended for transfusions.

Conclusions. The proposed method of thromboelastographic examination of platelet concentrates makes allows to select doses with high hemostatic potential of platelets and could be used in industrial and clinical transfusiology.

The publication describes a method for conducting intra-laboratory quality control when determining various levels of PSA and IgG concentrations in aqueous extracts from semen and blood stains dried on gauze by quantitative enzyme immunoassay, used to determine the presence of sperm and blood species. It has been established that in-laboratory quality control of samples obtained as a result of measuring the concentration of PSA and IgG in duplicates is rationally carried out using the Dahlberg formula, which makes it possible to calculate the indicators of standard uncertainty: SD and CV%. As a result of the conducted study of the quality of interpretation of measurement results in aqueous extracts from semen and blood stains by quantitative enzyme immunoassay using a consistent Clark error grid, data on the acceptable error value for zone «A» were obtained, which can be taken into account when conducting forensic examinations of material evidence.