The prevention of denture stomatitis is an important measure in the clinic of orthopedic dentistry, because at present, in spite of the availability of dentures on artificial supports, full removable dentures are still widely in demand. The study of oral microbiome and mucosal immunity in persons using full removable acrylic dentures was carried out, as it is important for scientifically substantiated development of ways to prevent denture stomatitis. Sixty-seven elderly patients with total tooth loss were examined and divided into 3 study groups. Patients in Group 1 (19 people) did not use any dentures. Patients in group 2 (25 people) had full removable acrylic dentures and from the first day of the adaptation period were offered to use the domestic denture fixation cream Acepta Parodontal. Patients of group 3 (23 people) were also made full removable acrylic dentures, but their adaptation period took place without the use of denture fixation cream. During the clinical-laboratory study it was established that the use of domestic Acepta Parodontal denture fixation cream in patients with full removable acrylic dentures during the adaptation period leads to a decrease in the level of inflammation in the oral cavity, contributes to an increase in mucosal immunity of its mucous membranes, as evidenced by the increased synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A. At the same time, improvement of oral microbiota was noted, including reduction of detectability of Candida albicans as the main pathogen associated with denture stomatitis.

Relevance. The problem of the effectiveness of oral hygiene is currently relevant due to the introduction of new tools and methods of Prophylaxis hygiene.

Objective. The aim of this study is to Conduct a literature review from different database on modern methods of professional oral hygiene using the keywords: air polishing; glycine; sodium bicarbonate; dental caries; alternative methods, air abrasive. To study different literature sources on the effectiveness of using modern air-abrasive procedures for professional hygiene.

Methods. Electronic databases PubMed, eLibrary were screened. Selected studies that investigate the efficacy of various professional hygiene practices and their effects on the state of the oral cavity.

Results. By keywords, 1345 abstracts were found that cover the results of scaling – 544, polishing – 704, remineralization – 97. 24 were included in the analysis on various methods of oral hygiene, taking into account the state of hard and soft tissues when using air-abrasive polishing.

Conclusion. Data confirms the variety of professional oral hygiene methods used and the efficacy of their results. Studies on the impact of various procedures of curette, scaling, and polishing on tooth tissues have shown conflicting findings. More research into the efficacy of professional oral hygiene practices is required.

The data of the World Health Organization say that caries is the most widespread infectious disease in the world: 85–90% of the adult population of the planet suffer from this disease, and in Russia this figure reaches 95%. The leading link in the prevention of caries is oral hygiene, individual and professional. First of all, the means of individual oral hygiene include toothpastes. Toothpastes, depending on their composition, can be divided into hygienic and therapeutic and prophylactic. Anti-caries pastes, belonging to the group of thera-peutic and prophylactic, and they are aimed at strengthening the mineral tissues of the tooth by increasing the concentration of these elements in them. Fluoride toothpastes also have anti-caries effect. To date, a large number of these tooth-pastes are presented on the dental market.

The aim of the work was a clinical assessment of the anti-carious efficacy of two commercial samples of toothpastes «President Classic» and «Paradontax Comprehensive Protection» in the presence of restorations in the oral cavity in patients. Materials and methods. In the course of the study (for 6 months), a group of students (40 people) aged 18 to 25 years with a high intensity of caries (KPU from 5 to 8) and not having bad habits were observed, who, depending on the group, were used different fluorine-containing toothpastes (President Classic (mass fraction of fluoride F=1450 ppm) and Parodontax Complex protection (mass fraction of fluoride F=1450 ppm). Results. Studies have shown that an individually prescribed oral care system for patients with multiple caries using directional oral hygiene products reduces the prevalence and intensity of caries and normalizes the cariogenic situation in the oral cavity: improves the hygienic state of the oral cavity, increases enamel resistance to acidic dissolution. In patients who used President Classic toothpaste at home, the average increase in the intensity of caries was reduced by 94%. Conclusion. Thus, the studied studies have shown that an individual cavity care system for patients with multiple caries with the use of an oral hygiene of an aimed action, reduces the prevalence and intensity of caries and normalizes the calculation of the caries-beacon in the oral cavity.

The study is devoted to identifying the frequency of detection of galvanic couple of metal structures in various of the oral mucosal diseases. A high difference in the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the mouth, exceeding 50 mV, was observed in 33% of patients with glossalgia, while in precancerous diseases, such as erosive and ulcerative form of lichen planus, verrucous form of leukoplakia, limited hyperkeratosis of the mucous membrane, galvanic couple with a high difference in electrochemical potentials were found in 78–87% of cases. Due to the high frequency of detection of metal structures with a high difference of electrochemical potentials in patients with oral mucosal diseases, the study to detect galvanic couples of metal structures should be introduced in the list of mandatory measures in the examination.

Aim. To substantiate the need for the use of digital systems to support medical decision-making in the diagnosis of diseases of the oral mucosa.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted by the method of anonymous questionnaires, dedicated to the evaluation of the use of digital systems to support medical decision-making in the diagnosis of diseases of the oral mucosa, on the basis of the Institute of Dentistry I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University). The study analyzed 200 questionnaires of doctors aged 20 to 70 years. The main methods used in the study: statistical method using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by pairwise comparison using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test (with Benjamin-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons), questionnaire.

Results. It was revealed that dentists with a long experience of medical practice from 15 to 20 years (77,8%) more often detect manifestations of diseases of the oral mucosa at a medical appointment. When analyzing the diagnosis of oral mucosa diseases, depending on the specialization of the dentist, it was found that this group of pathologies is more often determined by orthodontists(68,8%). At the same time, for the majority of specialists (59%), the diagnosis of diseases of the oral mucosa is difficult. Dentists of various specializations in most cases noted difficulties in determining a presumptive diagnosis (59.5%). At the same time, most specialists associated this with a lack of knowledge and experience in working with patients with diseases of the oral mucosa (66.5%) and with a large variety forms of diseases of the oral mucosa (54%) and resorted to the use of additional sources of information from textbooks, manuals, information articles, as well as the help of colleagues (64.5%). However, at clinical appointments, many doctors faced a lack of time to use reference literature (48.5%). As a result of the survey, it was also revealed that the majority of respondents (64,5%) would like to use the medical decision support system integrated into the medical information system of a medical institution.

In the Republic of Dagestan, exfoliative cheilitis was most often detected in patients (26.2%), while some types of this pathology, such as allergic, angular, chronic lip fissures, are more common among residents in the plain and mountain climatic zones than in the foothills. When analyzing the detectability of cheilitis in different age groups, it was revealed that most often this pathology affects patients aged 45–59 years, in approximately the same number in different climatic and geographical zones. Cheilitis was least often detected in the age group of 75–90 years, while more in the plain (21.9%) and foothill (19.4%) zones and less of this pathology was detected in patients in the mountainous zone in 11.1%.

Research objective. To stratify the main purulent-inflammatory diseases of maxilla-facial region (PID MFR) by frequencies and limits. To assess mortality in PID MFR. To determine the number of patients with PID MFR and concomitant diabetes mellitus.

Resources and Methods. Medical documentation on 9550 patients with PID MFR hospitalized at F.I. Inozemtsev Municipal Clinical Hospital have been analyzed.

Research results. The prevalence of purulent-inflammatory diseases remains at a fairly high level. PID MFR occur more often in people of young, able-bodied, age, 18–44 years. The introduction of quarantine measures due to the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 led to an increase in severe forms of PID MFR. There is a decrease in lethality from PID MFR.

The greatest increase in the frequency of occurrence was noted among diseases of the oral mucosa, especially lichen planus (LP). This dictates the need to study the features of LP monitoring and routing of patient data. Currently, the national project «Healthcare» implies, in addition to the main medical federal projects, organizational and digital directions for the development of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to conduct a sociological study of monitoring and routing of patients with lichen planus of the oral mucosa. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, an anonymous survey of 287 dentists was conducted on the provision of dental therapeutic care to patients with LP SP using a questionnaire developed by us, consisting of 35 questions of clinical, organizational and social aspects. Results and discussion. Specialist doctors noted the need to consult patients using telemedicine technologies, to create an objective way to monitor the pathological process in LP. Conclusion. Dental treatment, aimed not only at eliminating symptomatic factors, but also carried out from the standpoint of preventive medicine, is one of the urgent tasks today. Dentists are acutely aware of the lack of computerized methods for monitoring and routing patients with LP SBP, which should be the goal of the developed medical complexes.

Fifth-generation adhesives are very popular in daily clinical practice. They have reduced number of components by combining a primer and an adhesive in a «single bottle». These adhesives have become more popular due to the reduction of application stages, but their adhesion strength to dentin turned out to be worse than that of the fourth-generation adhesives. The main mechanisms of adhesion of any dental material: moistening of the surface, micromechanical adhesion, chemical adhesion.

Aim. To evaluate the bond strength of tooth tissues with the filling material using different fifth-generation adhesive protocols.

Materials and methods. We used the 40 exctracted teeth due to orthodontic indications (molars and premolars). In preparation for the experiment the teeth were randomly divided into 2 equal groups according to the number of adhesive protocols used: control and main. The teeth surfaces (n=20) of the control group were treated according to the instructions, the surface treatment with a moistening agent was added to the protocol of teeth surfaces (n=20) in the main group before applying the adhesive. After curing of the adhesive a 3×3 steel detachable cylindrical mold was installed on the surface of the samples (n=40) of both groups filled with a composite paste. The prepared samples of the control (n=10) and main (n=10) groups of 2 subgroups were subjected to thousands (1000s) thermocycles with a temperature of (5±2) °C and (60±2) °C. Tests of the adhesive shear bond strength of the prepared (n=40) samples of the control (n=20) and main (n=20) groups before and after thermocycling were carried out on a universal testing machine SYNTHEZ 5.

Conclusion: Thermocycling provides the reliable adhesion but reduces the adhesive strength of the filling material with hard tissues of the tooth. Adding of moisturizing agent into the protocol leads to a decrease in the adhesion strength up to 15% compared to 7% in protocol without it.

The objective of the present study was the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of using the composition of xenogenic osteoplastic material and materials based on biomodified hyaluronic acid for maxillary alveolar bone augmentation before dental implantation based on the results of histological investigations. The material for the study was bone tissue biopsies obtained with the use of a trephine at the stage of installation of the dental implants. The 4 micron sections prepared with a microtome were examined under different modes of light microscopy: bright field, dark field, phase contrast and polarization. The results of the study gave evidence of the formation of the endogenous bone tissue instead of the osteoplastic material in both the experimental and the control groups of the patients. Using of the xenogenic osteoplastic material in combination with preparations of biomodified hyaluronic acid gave the best results during sinus lift operation, since in these cases the bone of the most mature structure was formed, and in most cases there were no fragments of the implanted osteoplastic material. Nevertheless, the quality of the bone regenerate made it possible to install dental implants 6 months after the sinus lift in all groups.

X-ray method in modern realities is the main method for assessing the state of bone tissue. Cone beam computed tomography has proven itself in dental practice as a reliable method for assessing the bone tissue of the dentoalveolar system. In implant dentistry, an important factor in obtaining a good result is a qualitative assessment of the structure and morphology of the bone tissue of the upper and lower jaws. Unfortunately, when measuring the optical density of the areas of interest, it is not always possible to obtain correct data on the state of the bone tissue, moreover, implant dentists often have to visually assess the quality of bone density for treatment in their practice, but we understand that this is subjective. This work is aimed at determining the error in calculating the optical density of bone tissue using Dicom viewer programs.

The article is devoted to invasive cervical resorption (ICR) as a complication of intracoronal bleaching. The purpose of the review: to analyze the available information on ICR according to domestic and foreign literature sources with the study of the mechanisms of the negative effect of dental materials for intracoronal bleaching on the dentin and cementum of the tooth root; processes of occurrence of ICR; properties that restorative products must have to combat this complication. In the course of the study, aggravating factors were identified, which are orthodontic treatment, trauma, dentoalveolar surgery, defects in the development of hard dental tissues. It has been determined that the mechanism of the negative effect of preparations for intracoronal bleaching on dentin and cementum of the tooth root is the process of free radical release. It was revealed that today, the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the only restorative material that suppresses osteoclastic activity, on the surface of which cementogenesis can occur.

The development of dental implantology has actualized the improvement of approaches to tooth extraction surgery, one of the main goals of which is to maximize the preservation of the volume of surrounding tissues, prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications. This article presents a study of osteoplastic material based on animal collagen, which is widely used in the daily practice of a dental surgeon to fill in bone defects, including in the technique of augmentation of the socket of removed teeth. The results of the study were evaluated clinically, radiologically and histomorphologically.

Background. The role of soft tissues in the survival of dental implants remains one of the most discussed problem of the modern dentistry. Two main parameters such as the width of the keratinized gingiva and thickness of the peri-implant tissues are known to play an important role in the stability of the dental implants. Soft tissues thickness is necessary to achieve an aesthetic long-term stable result. Different methods for increasing soft tissue thickness are described in the literature.

Materials and methods. Study included 30 patients with insufficient peri-implant soft tissue thickness. All patients underwent buccal soft tissue thickness augmentation by two different methods: collagen matrix (1 group) and free connective tissue graft (2 group). In the study we evaluated the amount of soft tissue thickness gain by using volumetric 3D- analysis.

Results. The amount of soft tissue thickness before surgery was 1,63±0,7 mm in the 1 group, 1,61±0,7 mm in the 2 group. Three months after surgery the amount of soft tissue gain was 1,18±0,11 mm in the 1 group, 1,55 ±0,11 mm in the 2 group.

Conclusion. The use of a free connective tissue graft as well as a collagen matrix is an effective method for increasing the thickness of soft tissues in the peri-implant area.

Based on the results of a biometric study of plaster models of the jaws obtained in 84 children in the period of mixed dentition (8–12 years old) with a neutral location of the first permanent molars and optimal incisal overlap corresponding to the optimal functional occlusion of this age category, the main linear and angular parameters of the dental arches were determined with taking into account the trusive position of the incisors. Patients, taking into account the size of the inter-incisal angle, were divided into three groups. The first group (n=33) consisted of children with a mesotrusion position of the incisors (the value of the inter-incisor angle was 125–140°), the second group (n=27) consisted of children whose incisors were located protrusive (the value of the inter-incisor angle was less than 125°), the third group (n=24) – children with retrusion position of the incisors (the value of the inter-incisal angle is more than 140°). It has been established that in the period of mixed dentition, the main linear morphometric parameters of the dental arches are determined by the trusive types of the dental system and the vestibular-lingual inclination of the incisors. A diagnostically significant characteristic of the conjugation of the shape and size of the dental arches in the period of mixed dentition is the dental-diagonal coefficient, as the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the total component of the incisor-molar diagonals, the value of which for all types of dental systems is: for the upper jaw – 1.06 ± 0 .01; for the lower jaw – 1.09±0.01. It has been proven that in the period of mixed dentition the value of the incisal angle of the pentagon formed by the incisal diagonal and the width between the incisors is the smallest in children with protrusive incisors, while the parameters of the canine angle of the pentagon formed by the canine diagonal and the intercanine width are the largest in children with retrusion position of the incisors.

In this article, a study is made on the correction of the emotional sphere of children of primary school age. The presented modern correctional program of art therapy-neuro graphics, the objectives of which are the removal of internal constraints, the harmonization of the emotional state, the transformation of reality and modeling of the future, based on the methods of art therapy, aimed at reducing the level of anxiety in children. Neurographics doesn’t require artistic or visual art skills, so every child can participate in this work. Neurographics helps to reduce the anxiety of preschool children, helping to emotionally and personally cognize oneself and other people, promotes knowledge of the world around, helps to realize one’s abilities, the ability to become more active, relax, express one’s emotions and feelings, establish new trust levels of communication. The developed program aimed at reducing anxiety through neurographics, with longer corrective work, will lead to the fact that the level of anxiety manifestations in preschool children will decrease to a minimum.

Based on the results of the analysis of profile photostatic images of 96 people aged 18–25 years with physiological types of bite, the main anthropometric landmarks were determined and the position of the lips relative to the nasal line passing through the “n” point (nasion) and the “sn” point (subnasale) was studied. Depending on the size of the interincisal angle of the antagonistic medial incisors, which determine whether they belong to the trusive type of dental arches, patients were divided into three groups with mesotrusion (n=37), protrusive (n=34) and retrusion (n=25) types of dental arches. It was found that in almost all patients of the first group, the upper lip touches the nasal line, and the lower lip recedes slightly backwards, while the average value of the incisal angle is 135.24±3.09°. In most patients of the second group, the upper and lower lips are located anterior to the nasal line, and the average inter-incisal angle is 116.24±3.02°. Mostly in patients of the third group, the upper and lower lips were located behind the nasal line, and the average values of the incisal angle were 146.24±3.34°. The data obtained expand the understanding of the topography of the facies contour of the upper and lower lips with various types of dental arches, are of applied importance for assessing the harmony of the aesthetic profile of the soft tissues of the face, and are also criteria for the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of patients with dentoalveolar pathology, taking into account the individual characteristics of the maxillofacial region.