The article presents data on the clinical and contraceptive capabilities of an estrogen-progestogen drug containing drospirenone (Midiana). By its pharmacological properties, drospirenone is close to endogenous progesterone and has gestagenic, antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid action. With a high affinity for progesterone receptors, drospirenone suppresses ovulation, reliably protects against unwanted pregnancy and provides an additional contraceptive effect. Combined oral contraceptives with drospirenone, taking into account their antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid properties, are successfully used in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome, polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism and in the prevention of endometrial hyperplastic processes without causing significant weight change.

According to modern literature, the frequency of preoperative diagnostic errors for tumour-like formations is 30.9–45.6%, for malignant ovarian tumors is 25.0–51.0%. The complexity of this situation is asymptomatic tumor in the ovaries and failure to identify a neoplastic process, which is especially important for young women, as well as ease the transition of tumors from one category to another (evolution of the tumor) and the source of the aggressive behavior of the tumor. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the history of concomitant gynecological pathology in a group of patients of reproductive age with ovarian tumors and tumoroid formations, as a predisposing factor for the development of neoplastic process in the ovaries. In our work, we collected and processed complaints and data of obstetric and gynecological anamnesis of 168 patients of reproductive age (18–40 years), operated on the basis of the Department of oncogynecology for tumors and ovarian tumours in the Samara Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary from 2012 to 2015. We can conclude that since the prognosis of neoplastic process in the ovaries is generally good with timely detection and this disease occurs mainly in women of reproductive age, doctors need to know that when assessing the parity and the presence of gynecological pathology at the moment or in anamnesis, it is not possible to identify alarming risk factors for the development of cancer in the ovaries.

Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates, minor substances that have anti-carcinogenic and detoxifying effects, increasing the adaptive capacity of the body. In case of insufficient consumption of cruciferous with food, some glucosonolates or their derivatives, such as inol‑3-carbinol, can be additionally introduced into the diet. The article discusses the mechanisms of action and the role of indole‑3-carbinol in supporting the reproductive system and adaptive reserves of the body.

Borderline ovarian tumors are often diagnosed in women under the age of 40 years (31.8 %), which determines the need to optimize the management of this cohort of patients, taking into account the possibility of maintaining their reproductive function. Purpose of the study. Assessment of the ovarian reserve based on a comprehensive sonographic diagnosis of the ovarian reserve in patients of reproductive age with borderline ovarian tumors. Materials and methods. Group I (n = 103) included patients with borderline serous epithelial ovarian tumors. Group II (n = 95) was formed from women with mucinous epithelial ovarian tumors. Comparison group III (n = 189) included patients with benign ovarian cystadenomas. Ultrasound scanning of the pelvic organs and color Doppler mapping (DLC) were performed using Aloka 3500, Semiens G‑60 ultrasound scanners operating in real time and equipped with a pulsed doppler using a 3.5 MHz convex sensor and a 7.5 MHz transvaginal sensor. Results. The number of antral follicles does not depend on the volume of the ovary. The healthy remaining ovarian tissue of the ovary is most pronounced in groups I and III, significantly less represented in group II (p ≤ 0.0001). Three months after adnexectomy, ovulatory function in the intact (healthy) ovary was preserved in 71% (n = 49) of women from group I; in 89% (n = 73) of patients of group II and in 93% (n = 25) of respondents of group III, with a predominance in group II (φ* = 2.7; p ≤ 0.0010 and φ* = 1.6; p ≤ 0.0500). After a conservative operation, the function of the operated (resected) ovary detected ovulation in 62% (n = 21) of group I participants; 68% (n = 9) of women of group II and 86% (n = 139) of patients of group III. After 6 months, an increase in the number of antral ovaries and the number of ovulations with a predominance of ovarian reserve in group III (p ≤ 0.0010 and p ≤ 0.0001) was generally observed. Conclusions. Integrated ultrasound is a reliable and objective method that evaluates the features of the ovulatory reserve in patients with borderline and benign ovarian tumors, which makes it possible to formulate a prognosis of a woman’s reproductive health after various types of surgical treatment.

The period of the menopausal transition from 40–45 years to menopause – is the crucial period of a woman’s life, in which, against the background of increasing estrogen deficiency, in addition to the appearance of vasomotor, psychological, and urogenital symptoms, complications and exacerbations of accumulated extagenital diseases occur. The loss of the natural balance of sex hormones leads to hyperplastic processes in hormone-dependent tissues, which leads to cancer risks. In solving this problem, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) can play a crucial role, but this will become possible if, when choosing drugs for MHT, preference will be given to the safest dosage forms that provide the whole spectrum of compensatory reactions, including the prevention of dramatic situations of this age.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of isolated vitamin D (VD) supplementation on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk profile in postmenopausal women. Methods. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 160 postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years were randomized into two groups: VD group, supplementation with 1000 IU of vitamin D₃ per day (n = 80); or placebo group (n = 80). The intervention time was 9 months, and the women were assessed at baseline and endpoint. Clinical and anthropometric data were collected. Biochemical parameters, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin, were measured. The plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results. After 9 months, there was a significant increase in the 25(OH)D levels for VD group (+45.4%; p < 0.001), and a decrease (–18.5%; p = 0.049) in the placebo group. In the VD group, a significant reduction was observed in triglycerides (–12.2%; p = 0.001), insulin (–13.7%; p = 0.008), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (–17.9%; p = 0.007). In the placebo group, there was an increase in glucose (+6.2%; p = 0.009). Analysis of the risk adjusted for age, time since menopause, and body mass index showed that women supplemented with VD had a lower risk of MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.83), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22–0.85), and hyperglycemia (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.10–0.52) compared to the placebo group (p < 0.050). Conclusions. In postmenopausal women with VD deficiency, isolated supplementation with 1000 IU of vitamin D₃ for 9 months was associated with a reduction in the MetS risk profile. Women undergoing VD supplementation had a lower risk of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia.

The purpose of this review was to study the effect of the intake of vitamin and mineral complexes (VMC) by pregnant women on obstetric and perinatal outcomes. To carry out the analysis, a search was carried out in foreign and domestic publications in the international citation system PubMed, published over the past 15 years. The results of the analysis showed that the use of VMC within 3 months before conception and during pregnancy reduces the risks of intrauterine abnormalities and improves the prognosis of postnatal development of offspring. In addition, taking VMC during gestation reduces the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant women, preeclampsia, macrosomia, low birth weight, premature birth and postpartum hemorrhage. The use of multicomponent VMC has advantages over taking only folic acid and iron. Conclusion. Taking an VMC during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. The use of complex drugs is especially important at the stage of preconception and early pregnancy, but it is advisable to continue until the end of pregnancy and lactation.

In order to increase the pregnancy rate in the assisted reproductive technology, the selection of one embryo with the highest implantation potential it is very important. Time-lapse microscopy (TLM) is a tool for selecting quality embryos for transfer. This study aimed to assess the benefits of single-embryo transfer of autologous oocytes performed on day 5 of embryo incubation in a TLM-equipped system in IVF and ICSI programs. Single-embryo transfer following incubation in a TLM-equipped incubator was performed in 282 patients, who formed the main group; the control group consisted of 461 patients undergoing single-embryo transfer following a traditional culture and embryo selection procedure. We assessed the quality of transferred embryos, the rates of clinical pregnancy and delivery. The groups did not differ in the ratio of IVF and ICSI cycles, average age, and infertility factor. The proportion of excellent quality embryos for transfer was 77.0% in the main group and 65.1% in the control group (p = 0.001). In the subgroup with receiving eight and less oocytes we noted the tendency of receiving more quality embryos in the main group (р = 0.052). In the subgroup of nine and more oocytes the quality of the transferred embryos did not differ between two groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was 60.2% in the main group and 52.9% in the control group (p = 0.057). The delivery rate was 45.0% in the main group and 39.9% in the control group (p > 0.050).

Itching sensation can occur in up to 20% of pregnant women. The paper considers the most common causes of the development of this unpleasant symptom in women expecting a baby, such as polymorphic and atopic dermatitis, intrahepatic cholestasis, pemphigoid. Modern epidemiological data are presented, the clinical features of each nosology are described, and recommendations for effective treatment of these conditions are given.

The article presents data from a retrospective analysis of 8,706 childbirth histories of the Volgograd Clinical Perinatal Center No. 2 for 2018–2019 years. To analyze the frequency and indications for caesarean section, the 10-group classification by M. Robson was used. The results obtained allowed us to determine the groups with the highest frequency of cesarean section and outline ways to reduce the frequency of abdominal birth in these groups.

The purpose of the study. Safety assessment for expansion of caesarean section to myomectomy. Materials and techniques. A retrospective analysis was conducted of the birth histories of 44 patients with uterine myoma with extension of caesarean section to myomectomy. Results. The average duration of the operation was 54.3 ± 23.7 minutes. Significant inversive complications were not registered. Average blood loss amounted to 661.4 ± 193.2 ml, that does not exceed the generally accepted blood loss limits of standard caesarean section surgery. Post-operative period was without features. The average length of hospitalization was 7.0 ± 1.5 days. Conclusion. Expansion of the operation caesarean section to myomectomy does not significantly affect intraoperative blood loss, post-operative haemoglobin and hematocrit of the blood, provided there were no reductions in these rates before operation. Hospitalization time does not increase significantly. The post-operative period primarily runs without complications.

One of the most serious problems of modern medicine is sepsis. The number of patients undergoing this complication is 20–30 million (WHO) annually and has no tendency to decrease. Sepsis is characterized by severe multiple organ failure due to a violation of the response of the macroorganism to an infectious agent. Moreover, it is dangerous with high mortality. Sepsis often develops in patients with immunodeficiency conditions, which primarily include pregnant women. The article presents a clinical observation of a case of periostitis in a pregnant woman complicated by a septic state.