Objective: to evaluate the possibilities of using high-frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of skin diseases. Material and methods: 169 patients with pigment and non-pigmented skin formations were examined according to a single diagnostic algorithm, which consisted of 4 stages: dermatological examination (digital dermatoscopy), automatic analysis in the online database Skin Passport, high-frequency ultrasound, surgeon s and/or oncologist consultation with pathomorphological examination. Results: based on stage 1, all patients were divided into clinical groups: 1st group (n = 74,43.79 %) - benign formation, group 2nd (n = 58, 34.32 %) - it is impossible to determine the nature of formation at this stage (doubtful), 3rd group (n = 12, 7.1 %) - malignant formation, 4th group (n = 25, 14.79%) - purulent-inflammatory disease. Data obtained at stage 1 in 96 % of cases coincided with the data in the Skin Passport system, which confirms the possibility of using this system as an alternative. Based on the results of stage 3 patients with dubious formations (n = 58) were sent to group 1 (n = 29) and group 3 (n = 3), also the use of this method allowed for more accurate differential diagnosis in the group of purulent-inflammatory skin diseases with the following distribution of patients. Based on the results of stage 4, malignant skin lesions were detected in patients of group 3 (n = 15) and 2 groups (n = 2). A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of a complex instrumental examination, including a high-frequency ultrasound, compared with dermatological examination. Conclusion: the complex use of non-invasive instrumental diagnostic methods with the use of high-frequency ultrasound allows for more effective detection of malignant neoplasms of the skin at early stages, differential diagnostics between benign and purulent inflammatory formations and dynamic monitoring of patients with pigmented and non-pigmented skin formations.

The article provides a brief overview of fhe immunological concept of fhe development of the inflammatory process in psoriasis, presently known facts abouf fhe participation of pro-inflammafory and anfi-in-flammafory cytokines in if. The issue of fhe absence in fhe literature of data on fhe participation of IL-31 in fhe pathogenesis of pruritus in psoriasis is touched upon. The results of studying fhe level of IL-31 in fhe serum of pafienfs wifh severe forms of psoriasis are presented.

The work was carried ouf on experimental material. An experimental model of diabetes mellitus was obtained in 78 white male rats by infraperifoneal administration of alloxane fefrahydrafe150 and 250 mg per 1 kg of body weight. For fhe experiment, healthy rats of adult sex with a mass of250-300 g were selected. Alloxan was administered after a daily starvation, previously determined fhe level of glucose in fhe blood. The rats were kept under optimal conditions, fed according to fhe diet for laboratory animals in accordance with GOST R 50258-92. During fhe experiment, fhe international recommendations of fhe European Convention for fhe Protection of Vertebrates were observed. The material was divided info 2 groups: fhe 1st group consisted of 28 rats administered with alloxan 150 mg per 1 kg, fhe 2nd one consisted of 28 rats administered with alloxan 250 mg per 1 kg. Twenty-two rats were injected with control to which distilled wafer was administered. In laboratory animals of groups I and II, the blood glucose level was increased by 1 day and gradually decreased to normal on fhe 21sf and fhe 35fh days. With fhe introduction of 150 mg per 1 kg, moderate diabetes developed, and with fhe introduction of 250 mg per 1 kg, severe diabetes developed. In laboratory animals of both groups, there was a decrease in body weight, increased wafer intake, and an increase in diuresis. Biochemical indications of blood rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus were characterized by an increase in glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins.

The puгpose of the review is analysis of composition of vitamin-mineral supplements (VMS), justification of the expediency of using VMS with a full set of vitamins and containing increased doses of vitamins. Maferials and mefhods. A review of the literature has been carried out on the basis of the databases of RINC, CyberLeninka, Pubmed. Results. The diet of the Russian population, consisting of natural products, over-caloric in a large part of the population, is not able to fully cover the body ’s need for a number of micronutrients. The high incidence of combined vitamin deficiency (multimicronutrientinsufficiency, polyhypovitaminosis) and minerals among adults, the peculiarities of the action of vitamins, the existence of inter-vitamin functional interrelations, justify the intake of VMS. The grades of VMS for the set and doses of vitamins are presented. To eliminate the combined deficiency of vitamins and restore the full vitamin status, it is required to take not monovitamins, but a set of all vitamins, and their higher doses ensure the achievement of the effect in a shorter period. The justification of the use of VMS supplements containing increased doses of vitamins (200-300 % RDA) for the removal of multimicronutrient insufficiency has been given. Evidence of the health benefits from long-term use of VMS supplements has been presented. Conolusions. VMS containing a full set of vitamins at doses of 200-300 % of the recommended daily intake (RDA), as well as microelements, the deficiency of which is most often detected, may reliably eliminate multimicronutrient insufficiency.

Modern development of genetics requires that practitioners develop knowledge in fhe field of hereditary diseases. The article presents fhe clinical observation of young children with pseudo-hypoaldosferonism, maternal phenylketonuria, a syndrome of Smifh-Lemley-Opifz and other diseases.

Electromotor activity of the smooth muscles of the rabbit uteral bottom and tubes by the peripheral segment of the vagus nerve at the level of C 5-C 6 electro irritation was stimulated. The peripheral parts of the trunk of both vagus nerves were stained with the toluidine blue administration, and a morphological study of biopsy specimens was undertaken. Staining of intramural ganglia, i.e. the presence of synaptic contacts with preganglionic cholinergic fibers was revealed. Conclusion. The existence of bulbar cholinergic innervation of uterus and its tubes was demonstrated for the first time. Cholinergic enhancement of contractile activity of the uterus was confirmed.

The results of the study made it possible to reveal that organ-preserving operations in patients of older age groups are gaining popularity, which requires carrying out a series of laboratory and instrumental research methods that exclude the oncological process. As before, the pathological examination of the material obtained remains the gold standard in eliminating malignancy.

The work was carried out on experimental material. 75 white male rats weighing 250-300 grams were injected a solution of alloxane tetrahydrate intraperitoneally at a dose of 150 and 250 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Before the administration of alloxan, the concentration of glucose in the blood was determined. The rats were withdrawn from the experiment on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th day. Piece of pancreatic tissue was taken for histological examination. Pieces were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin, conducted through alcohols of increasing strength and poured into paraffin. From the paraffin blocks, sections of 5-6 microns thick were prepared. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picrofuxine according to Van Gison, toluidine blue, according to Mallory. With the introduction of alloxan in laboratory animals develops diabetes. The glucose level in the blood rises on the first day to 14.7 ± 0.03 mmol/l (iin the control 4.8 ± 0.03 mmol/l) and gradually decreases on the 21st day to 6.0 ± 0.03 mmol/l. There is a significant decrease in the body weight of laboratory animals. When 150 mg of alloxan is administered, moderate diabetes develops, with the introduction of 250 mg, severe diabetes develops. Histological examination revealed a decrease in the number and size of Langengharx islets, dystrophic changes, pycnosis and necrosis of B-cells, devastation of islets. The number of B-cells decreases to 25 % (control 75 %).

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the combined effect of ultrasonic cavitation irrigation of the uterine cavity and peloid dyspepsia with hyposulfite muds on the change in the level of proinflammatory cytokines and the state of the microbiota of the genital tract in women after the interruption of the undeveloped pregnancy. The study included 65 women after the interruption of an undeveloped pregnancy in a period of up to 12 weeks. In the complex of therapy, the patients underwent cavitation ultrasonic irrigation of the uterine cavity with chlorhexidine solution 0.05 % in combination with the rectal administration of mud tampons and applications to the panties’ zone. Using the method of ultrasonic cavitation irrigation of the uterine cavity in combination with peloidotherapy in women after the interruption of the regressing pregnancy leads to a significant decrease in the level of the primary mediators of the inflammatory response of IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-alpha and normalization of the genital micro-biocenosis in comparison with the group in which Only standard antibiotic therapy was used.

On the basis of the analysis of modern literature the interrelation of decrease of mineral density of bone tissue and diseases of digestive organs is shown. The secretion of lactose malabsorption and atrophic gastritis and other diseases of the digestive system are the conditions, which lead to a significant reduction in the absorption of calcium by the human body, disruption of mineral homeostasis and bone remodeling processes. Secondary osteoporosis causes pancreatitis, long-term use of proton pump inhibitors. The interrelation of change of bone mineral density with functional activity of gastric mucosa and small intestine is demonstrated. Biochemical principles underlying the changes in bone mineralization in diseases of digestive organs are considered. The urgency of search of new opportunities of forecasting, risk assessment, diagnostics, prevention and treatment of the combined gastroenterological pathology and changes from bone tissue by means of wide introduction in practice of a number of biochemical and immunological indicators is shown.

The mitochondrial genome is extremely variable, even in the absence of pathological mutations, it carries important individual traits. Some mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms have been fixed by inheritance for thousands of years; they developed phylogenetically as humanity moved. Despite reports of widespread mtDNA heteroplasmy in a healthy population, there are still questions on which variants of mtDNA are pathogenic and which are just population variations. The prevalence of pathogenic variations of mtDNA, heteroplasmy and their pathogenic potential in a healthy population have not been well characterized and may be underestimated, especially in the modern expectation of the restoration of normal cellular function due to transplantation of functionally viable mitochondria.

The analysis of the modern literature presented in the review convincingly showed that impaired phosphorus-calcium metabolism plays a key role in the occurrence of a number of dental diseases and can lead to complications of surgical treatment after reconstructive osteoplasty, the use of orthopedic mechanical structures, as well as orthodontic movement of teeth. The revolutionary have become the reports that the mineral density of the alveolar bones is directly related to the mineral density of the bone tissue of the rest of the skeleton. The significance of the pathology of hard tissues of teeth as a marker of reduced bone mineralization was determined.

Analysis of the performance of medical organizations in the active detection, timely diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms shows that it is not yet possible to significantly change the situation: the rates of change of indicators that are indicators of anti-cancer measures implemented do not correspond to those planned in a significant number of Russian regions, although in general Russia, the quality indicators of the work of health care are performed. Indicators of active detection of malignant neoplasms in Russia are inadequate to modern opportunities. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the situation is beginning to change for the better. The overfulfilment of the quality indicators of the health care system did not lead to the fulfillment of the main indicator indicator “mortality from neoplasms” (indicator for 2017 is 194.4 per 100 thousand people, performance is 200.6 per 100 thousand people). There is a high proportion of malignant neoplasms in the structure of total mortality (in 2010 14.3 %; in 2016 15.6 %, in 2017 15.9 %). The material and technical base of oncological medical institutions does not meet modern requirements for diagnosis and treatment. To implement the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2018 No. 204 ‘On the national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024' in terms of the event ‘Improving the system of medical care for cancer patients’ (2018-2025) significant organizational changes will be required to provide oncological assistance to the population of Russia.