Open Access
Subscription or Fee Access
Relevance. An increase in life expectancy and, as a result, an increase in the proportion of the elderly population. Many people lose their teeth with age for one reason or another. This, in turn, increases the demand for removable dentures. Removable dentures take a long time to adapt, and also sometimes cause some discomfort during their operation. In order to increase the comfort of wearing removable dentures, many people use various adhesives. There are many different adhesive creams, pads, and powders on the market, which makes it difficult for patients to choose them. Currently, a new generation adhesive cream and Protefix fixing pads have appeared, which have unique properties.
Goal. To compare the effect of Protefix Premium 7 adhesive cream and Protefix fixing pads on the quality of life of patients with complete removable dentures.
Materials and methods. The study involved 52 male and female patients aged 75 to 90 years. The study included patients using full removable dentures on the upper jaw. During the initial examination, all patients underwent a quality of life assessment using the validated OHIP-14 questionnaire used to assess the quality of life of dental patients. Next, all patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of 26 people. In group 1, all patients were prescribed Protefix Premium 7 adhesive cream, and in group 2, patients were prescribed Protefix fixing pads for daily use. Patients were familiarized with the manufacturer’s instructions and given individual recommendations on the use of prosthetic fixation devices. A second assessment of the quality of life was carried out 30 days after the start of the study.
Results and discussion. Statistically significant differences in the dynamics of quality of life were obtained after the start of using Protefix adhesives. There were no significant differences between the use of adhesive cream and Protefix fixing pads. Regardless of the presence or absence of experience in using other adhesives, there was also a positive trend in the quality of life.
Conclusions. The premium adhesive cream of the new generation Protefix Premium 7 and the Protefix fixing pads meet all the declared characteristics of the manufacturer and thereby improve the quality of life of patients using complete removable dentures. The new generation Protefix Premium 7 adhesive cream and Protefix fixing pads can be recommended for daily use by patients with complete removable dentures to improve their quality of life.
Currently, restoration of the tooth crown with ceramic restorations is one of the most common dental procedures. Despite the fact that ceramic restorations are much stronger than direct composite restorations, they are also susceptible to wear, including during daily hygiene procedures. The purpose of our study was to assess the surface condition of ceramic restorations before and after exposure to various toothbrushes. For the laboratory study, 60 samples of lithium-disilicate ceramics were made, which we divided into two groups: Group 1 included ceramic samples that were glazed, and group 2 included ceramic samples that were polished. A qualitative assessment of the surface roughness of ceramic samples was carried out using a Sensofar Profiler S Neox profilometer (Spain). As a result of the assessment of the roughness before and after the abrasive action of toothbrushes, we identified statistically significant differences, and ceramic samples coated with glaze showed a higher level of roughness compared to the polished samples.
The article presents the results of studying the microbial contamination of manual toothbrushes and PRESIDENT Exlusive toothbrushes before and 1 month after use in 40 patients aged 27±2.3 years without concomitant somatic pathology (the oral cavity is sanitized, the P constant prevails in the DMF index). The toothbrushing time was 3 minutes. When sowing before use, the growth of facultative aerobic gram-positive rods (Bacillus subtilis) and the absence of opportunistic microflora were detected. One month after using PRESIDENT Exlusive toothbrushes, Actinomycetec oralis, Streptococcus Oralis, Lactobacillus salivarius, Str. Vestibularis were detected, which are representatives of the normal microflora. No growth of microorganisms was detected in 5 PRESIDENT Exlusive brushes. One month after using conventional brushes, opportunistic microorganisms Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas putida, Candida albicans were found in the cultures along with representatives of normal microflora.
There are many methods of cleaning the tongue, ranging from simple ones such as rubbing with fingers or a spoon, to specialized tools such as scrapers and brushes. Studies show that few patients practice daily tongue hygiene. Surveys reveal low awareness of language scrapers among certain groups of the population. Tongue scrapers play an important role in oral hygiene by removing biofilm and food residues, which helps improve oral health and fight bad breath. Hygiene of the tongue contributes to the prevention of dental diseases. Scrapers are made of various materials such as metal, plastic and wood, each of which has different properties. Metal scrapers are durable and easy to sterilize, plastic options are more affordable. Wooden scrapers are quite environmentally friendly. The shapes of the scrapers also vary: U-shaped scrapers are similar to the shape of the tongue, while T-shaped ones provide good access to the surface of the tongue. Regular tongue cleansing reduces bad breath and improves oral hygiene. Although some studies do not identify a difference between using toothbrushes or scrapers, others suggest that scrapers are more effective at reducing volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). Recently, researchers have studied other types of scrapers, such as ultrasonic scrapers and microcurrent generating scrapers. However, improper use of the scrapers may cause irritation or injury. Tongue scrapers are special tools for oral hygiene, when used correctly, they help remove plaque, prevent bad breath, and improve taste perception.
Background: until recently, much of the scientific literature has focused on the efficacy of mouthwashes in the context of their ability to kill oral disease-causing bacteria under laboratory conditions. The antibacterial effects of mouthwashes on the oral microbiome can be either beneficial or harmful, depending on whether there is a ‘positive’ shift towards oral ‘health’ with diversity maintained or a ‘negative’ shift towards ‘disease’ with a predominance of one species.
Aim: to study the efficacy of prebiotic mouthwash in patients with complaints of oral dryness.
Materials and methods: 12 patients with complaints of dry mouth were examined. Gingivitis index PMA, Mülleman bleeding index, PCP test for Candida albicans, qualitative PCR test for Streptococcus mutans were determined in all patients. All parameters were determined twice: before the study and after.
Results: three months after using the prebiotic mouthwash, 92% of the patients had no complaints of oral dryness. The Mühlemann bleeding index and PMA index also decreased significantly. The concentration of fungi of the genus Candida and conditionally pathogenic StreptoccocusMutans decreased to clinically insignificant levels 3 months after the start of use.
Conclusions: 1. The use of prebiotic rinse for three months 2 times a day reduces the concentrations of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans, which in turn reduces the risk of dental diseases. 2. The use of prebiotic rinse eliminates oral dryness, normalizingthe protective function of saliva, reduces bleeding and gingival hyperaemia.
Data from scientific and practical literature indicate that patients undergoing orthopedic and orthodontic treatment often have chronic diseases of the oral mucosa (OM), in particular, chronic recurrent herpetic stomatitis (CRHS), which significantly complicates the possibility of full-fledged dental care. Therefore, issues of a comprehensive approach to the management of such patients become relevant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the therapeutic and prophylactic action of 5% Cycloferon liniment and magnetic laser therapy in chronic recurrent herpetic stomatitis during orthopedic and orthodontic treatment, based on the analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters. To achieve this goal, 87 patients with chronic recurrent herpetic stomatitis (CRHS) were examined, for whom, taking into account the state of the oral mucosa, orthopedic (removable) and orthodontic (aligners) structures were made, and who were divided into two groups. The result of including Cycloferon in the therapy of CRHS in the first group and the same drug in combination with physiotherapy in the second group of the study was a more dynamic restoration of this indicator of non-specific immunity. Cycloferon, contributing to the reduction of treatment periods for CRHS, rapid elimination of inflammation symptoms, stabilization of remission processes, and, in general, increasing the effectiveness of the therapeutic measures.
Primary hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome that develops as a result of a persistent deficiency of thyroid hormones or a decrease in their biological effect at the tissue level and is often accompanied by changes in the structure and function of the large and small salivary glands, which in turn can lead to the development of dry mouth (xerostomia). Disruption of the salivary glands creates favorable conditions for the development of dental diseases in the oral cavity of various etiologies.
Materials and methods. The study involved 90 women with a main diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism, aged 44–59, receiving hormone replacement therapy. All patients were randomized into groups depending on the therapy received. All patients were assessed for the rate of salivation, pH level and viscosity of the oral fluid at the initial stage of the study and during the follow-up period (3, 6,12 months).
Results. The study of the results of the assessment of the rheological properties of oral fluid showed that, unlike Group 1, statistically significant differences were obtained in Groups 2 and 3 between the beginning of the study and the end of the dynamic observation period. In Group 3, the changes were more stable.
Conclusions. The use of targeted biocorrection drugs and a lactoferrin-based composition in patients with primary hypothyroidism made it possible to normalize the rate of salivation, pH and viscosity of oral fluid in patients with primary hypothyroidism in the immediate and long-term observation periods.
Background. Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common dental problems among infants and preschool children. Worldwide, 514 million children suffer from temporary dental caries, which is 43% of the child population.
Objective: to increase the prevention of dental caries in Chinese and Russian preschool children by identifying and eliminating risk factors for caries.
Materials and methods: the study included 273 children aged 1-6 years, who were divided into groups depending on the territorial feature. After a comprehensive dental examination, groups of children with and without carious process were formed. The children’s representatives were asked to fill out a questionnaire from the 4th National Oral Health Survey in China, adapted for our study. Based on the results obtained, we have formed and developed an algorithm for preventive dental care for children with early childhood caries, tested at the affiliated hospital of the University of Taian in Shandong Province.
Conclusion: the multi-step algorithm developed by us highlights the crucial role of continuous monitoring and support in the prevention of caries in preschool children.
Facial aesthetics has always been a part of the political, economic, and cultural history of people around the world. Over time, it has become a real force of self-expression and a sign of social status. Modern studies emphasize the diversity of facial structure types, the shapes and sizes of dental arches, and the position of the incisors within the normal range. Contemporary scientific research confirms the relevance of searching for the boundary between physiological and pathological. The variability of normal structure leads to an expansion of the concept of ‘norm’ and a desire for the individualization of diagnostic data, making the study of normal variability in human structure a current task for modern science.
The aim of the study was to analyze the features of facial and skull structure in volunteers with normal dental occlusion. A photometric examination was conducted on 32 volunteers of Eastern European appearance, aged 18 to 25 years, with normal dental occlusion. Photometric and cephalometric studies were carried out. Statistically significant differences were found in volunteers with horizontal and neutral growth types in the vertical parameters of the lower jaw, lip position, incisor projection, mandibular ramus length, and the Garson index. Thus, the study shows that the facial structure with normal occlusion is variable and can have features that significantly exceed the normative or average values.
Currently, connective tissue autografts from the mucous membrane of the palate or from the tubercle of the upper jaw of the patient are widely used in dental implantation to increase the thickness of the gum. The main disadvantage is the presence of an additional second surgical field. Allogenic fascial limiter transplant for guided tissue regeneration «Alloplant» (Russian Federation Patent No. 2189257 A61L27/00, A01N1/00 09.20.2002; hereinafter – resorbable membrane «Alloplant») as a connective tissue allograft increases the thickness of the gum by changing the phenotype from «thin» or «medium» to «thick». This eliminates the need for a second surgical field when increasing the thickness of the gum (protected by the authors of the article by a patent of the Russian Federation) [Russian Federation, patent No. 2822326, A61C8/00, A61B17/24, 04.07.2024]. The resorbable membrane «Alloplant» is made either from the broad fascia of the thigh (FFB), from the pericardium (PC), from the dura mater (DMA). However, the manufacturer’s recommendations for the use of the fascial limiter for targeted tissue regeneration «Alloplant» do not contain information characterizing the degree of expression of targeted tissue regeneration of the resorbable membrane «Alloplant» on the gum tissue depending on the material of manufacture, namely: from FFB, from PC, from DMA. The absence of this information causes the unpredictability of the resulting gum thickness and can lead to a significant difference between the formed gum thickness and the planned one. As a result of microscopic studies of the structure of resorbable membranes «Alloplant» from SCFB, PC and TMO performed by the authors of the article, cause-andeffect relationships were revealed between the structure of the materials of the resorbable membrane «Alloplant» and the degree of its targeted effect on the regeneration of gum tissue. Recommendations for the use of resorbable membranes «Alloplant» from SCFB, PC and TMO to increase the thickness of the gum in the projection of the dental implant depending on the initial gum thickness were formulated.
Background. In the world clinical practice for mucogingival surgery, an innovative laser technology is presented, the possibility of which is the preparation of the oral mucosa in a contactless way. Laser irradiation is generated by a diode semiconductor, has a wavelength of 445±40 nm, which corresponds to the blue color of the visible light spectrum. Scientific substantiation of the effectiveness and atraumatic nature of the use of laser irradiation with a wavelength of 445 nm as an alteration tool in surgical dental practice seems relevant.
Aim. The study sought to chart the morphological transformations undergone by healthy oral mucosa subjected to ablative laser irradiation at a wavelength of 445 nm.
Materials and methods. The study of the dynamics of reparative regeneration of the wound of the oral mucosa created by blue laser irradiation was carried out in an experimental study using the example of plastic surgery of the frenulum of the lower lip. The object of the study were 48 sexually mature male laboratory rats of the WISTAR line weighing from 180 to 250 grams. The mucous membrane of the vestibule of the oral cavity was prepared using a blue laser beam at a power of 0.7W and a continuous mode (CW).
Results. The minimum score for the severity of the inflammatory reaction was determined 25 minutes after the end of the operation and amounted to 1.1±0.7 points. The maximum score for reparative wound regeneration of 4.0±0.0 points was established on the 14th day of the postoperative period. The indicators of reparative tissue regeneration prevailed over the process of inflammatory reaction on the 7th day after the operation.
Conclusions. Semi-quantitative analysis of the histological picture of biopsy specimens allows for an objective comparison of the indicators of reparative regeneration with the indicators of the inflammatory reaction in the area of the surgical wound at different times of the postoperative period.
Relevance: a cavity in a tooth due to caries can change the stress-strain state in the tooth and lead to its splitting. According to the clinic, the probability of cracks and splits in the hard tissues of the tooth is affected not only by the size of the cavity, but also by its localization, which requires a comparative analysis of functional stresses in the tooth depending on the area affected by the carious process.
The purpose of the study: to analyze the effect of vertical and inclined loading on the stress-strain state of a single-root tooth with a cavity on the occlusal or neck surface and when replacing the defect with a composite material.
Materials and methods: three-dimensional mathematical modeling of the vital single-channel premolar of the mandible in the alveolar socket was carried out in accordance with the anatomical dimensions and physico-mechanical characteristics of tissues according to literary sources. The finite element method obtained data on the magnitude and nature of the distribution of functional stresses in the tooth when exposed to 150 N vertically and at an angle of 45 ° in models with a cavity on the occlusal surface or in the neck area, as well as during their restoration with composite material.
Results: the cervical localization of the cavity significantly increases the maximum stresses in the enamel, bringing them closer to the threshold values under vertical and inclined loads. In cavities of various localization, the most vulnerable point is the edge of the cavity. There are higher stresses in the cortical bone tissue in the presence of a cervical cavity in comparison with the occlusal cavity model. The replacement of a tooth tissue defect with a composite material helps to redistribute the load, reduce the maximum values in the enamel in all cases, and achieve sub-maximum values under vertical load when replacing the neck cavities with composite material.
Conclusions: localization of the cavity in the tooth affects the pattern and magnitude of stresses. In the cervical cavity, compared with the occlusal cavity, the stresses in the enamel are significantly increased, they exceed its strength limit under both vertical and inclined loads. The restoration of a defect with a composite material contributes to the redistribution of stresses and the displacement of their concentration points from the walls of the cavity to the occlusal surface and neck of the tooth. An inclined load is a risk factor for chipping the enamel walls with any localization of the cavity, and with an inclined load even after the defect has been replaced.
Today, dental diseases with comorbid pathology are increasingly encountered in clinical practice. Early studies have shown that there is a connection between the development and course of chronic infectious diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis, and an imbalance in lipid peroxidation processes, endogenous intoxication, as well as local and general inflammatory process and dysfunction of the immune system. At the same time, scientists are still puzzled by the role of the main pathophysiological and pathogenetic factors in the development and progression of periodontal diseases in patients with chronic infectious pathology. The purpose of this literature review was to analyze the factors affecting the dental status, including pulmonary tuberculosis, as a comorbid disease. Further study of this problem and preventive measures can significantly reduce the quantitative indicator of these diseases.
The long-term prognosis of dental implantation in patients who have lost teeth due to chronic periodontitis is controversial in the professional dental community. This study presents a clinical case of total orthopedic rehabilitation of a patient suffering from severe generalized periodontitis. The treatment plan included professional supra- and subgingival instrumentation, removal of failed teeth, followed by the immediate installation of 12 dental implants in both jaws and the manufacture of metal-ceramic bridges with artificial gums. Computer modeling technologies were used at all stages of treatment: starting with the manufacture of a surgical template for implantation, ending with the modeling of a prosthesis. The clinical case includes the results of clinical and X-ray examinations, periotestometry, and real-time PCR analysis of the microbiota of periodontal pockets and gingival sulcus around implants.
The aim of this study was to investigate the pH values of saliva in elderly and senile patients with removable plate dentures against the background of xerostomia.
Materials and methods of the study. To solve the set tasks, the dental clinic of VSMU named after N.N. Burdenko examined and performed orthopedic treatment with removable plate dentures for 80 patients aged 60 to 89 years with missing teeth against the background of xerostomia with the disease coding according to ICD-10 K08.1 Tooth loss due to accident, tooth extraction or localized periodontitis and K11.7 Xerostomia (associated disease). Patients were divided into 4 groups of 20 people, depending on the treatment performed. In all patients of the 4 groups, after the process of collecting mixed saliva, the hydrogen index (pH) was determined using pHSCAN 2.7-10.0 indicator paper with a step of 0.2–0.4.
Results of our own research. Six months after the start of the study, the average pH value of saliva in patients of the 1st group was 6.415±0.023 units, indicating increased acidity. In patients of the 2nd group, the studied value was 7.003±0.023 units, in patients of the 3rd group – 7.100±0.032 (p<0.017) units, and in patients of the 4th group – 7.180±0.026, which corresponded to the normal values. Conclusion. The use of the moisturizing mouth spray «Waterdent» and the immunomodulator «Orvis lysozyme» in elderly and senile patients with xerostomia using removable dentures allowed to increase the pH values of saliva to normal values. However, the best results were obtained in the subjects of the 4th group, whose complex treatment included the cleaning and disinfecting agent for removable dentures «Waterdent». KEYWORDS: xerostomia, saliva pH, determination of hydrogen index, removable dentures, elderly and senile patients> < 0.017) units, and in patients of the 4th group – 7.180±0.026, which corresponded to the normal values.
Conclusion. The use of the moisturizing mouth spray «Waterdent» and the immunomodulator «Orvis lysozyme» in elderly and senile patients with xerostomia using removable dentures allowed to increase the pH values of saliva to normal values. However, the best results were obtained in the subjects of the 4th group, whose complex treatment included the cleaning and disinfecting agent for removable dentures «Waterdent».
Relevance. The intraoral scanner is a device that provides an alternative to traditional dental impressions. Intraoral scanners are effective even in complex clinical cases; however, their application in patients with complete edentulism remains challenging.
Objective. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various scanning protocols for edentulous jaws using intraoral scanner.
Materials and methods. The study utilized the Pumpa intraoral scanner to scan edentulous jaw models (Frasaco B-3). A reference scan was obtained using the Medit T710 laboratory scanner. Three scanning techniques were applied: Three-point scanning technique: Maxilla – the average match rate with the laboratory scanner was 77.20%; Mandible – 72.46%. Rocking motion-based technique: Maxilla – the average match rate with the laboratory scanner was 86.56%; Mandible – 65.44%. The second scanning technique for the mandible proved to be the riskiest in terms of results, as its use yielded a scan with a match rate with the laboratory scanner only 56%, which is unacceptable for further treatment planning and prosthetic rehabilitation. Combined technique: Maxilla – average match rate with the laboratory scanner was 89.00%; Mandible – 87.11%.
Results. The combined scanning technique (third method) demonstrated the highest accuracy and is recommended for clinical use.
Conclusion. The combined scanning technique is the most precise and should be adopted in clinical practice for scanning edentulous jaws.
This literature review addresses the issues of differential diagnosis, etiology and pathogenetic treatment of bruxism. It is noted that in recent years this problem has been of increasing interest to physicians of different specialties, including neurologists, orthodontists, and neurosurgeons. Despite the fact that in the modern classification of diseases this symptom is attributed to pathologies of the somatoform spectrum, it cannot be said that this disease is exclusively functional – in a number of situations there is an organic substrate of bruxism. In orthodontic practice, occlusal defects cause compensatory muscle spasm, aimed at restoring the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint; in the case of the nervous system, there is verified atrophy or degeneration of basal nuclei and sensorimotor neurons. Etipoatogenetic approach to the treatment of bruxism is the key to improving the quality of life of patients.
The presented work provides a rationale for the development of an innovative, universal, digital diagnostic complex for express Raman-fluorescence diagnostics. The range and algorithm of its clinical application are presented, providing a sano- and pathogenetic approach to the objectivity and effectiveness of assessing human tissues and organs in health and pathology: diseases and processes of microbial and neoplastic nature (in clinical microbiology, dentistry, obstetrics and gynecology, oncology, gastroenterology, pharmacology). The solution to these issues is based on the methodology of laser digital photometry, basic requirements and principles of modern science and practice, providing controlled treatment of a specific disease in a specific patient. The prospects for the use of the method and equipment are outlined.
The article presents a method for improving cystotomy surgery. The objective of the study is to reduce the recovery time of patients after cystotomy using multispiral computed tomography (MS CT), lithography modeling and 3D modeling. Using MS CT, a lithography-based model is designed and manufactured, then impressions are taken from the manufactured model, then, in the dental laboratory, an obturator is modeled, and then, on day 7 after the surgery, the obturator is fixed in the patient’s mouth. This method allows to reduce the number of patient visits and speed up the recovery time.
Background. In the reconstruction of dental arches, the position of the occlusal plane in clinical practice is often determined using the Camper plane, but a high degree of divergence between the occlusal and Camper planes has been repeatedly confirmed in the literature and cannot be used as a sufficiently stable reference point. In this regard, the search for individual parameters and reference points that could be used for a more predictable determination of the position of the occlusal plane continues.
The aim of the work is to compare the position of the calculated and natural occlusal planes constructed using four author’s methods for determining the position of the occlusal plane in the examined group without dental pathology.
Material and methods. А group of 30 subjects with physiological occlusion corresponding to the first class of Angle was formed. Each participant in the study underwent scanning of the dentition, a computed tomography scan of the maxillofacial region, and a photo protocol. The data were combined in the three-dimensional analysis program «Avantis 3D». The construction of a natural occlusal plane and calculated occlusal planes was carried out, constructed according to the methods proposed by Trezubov V.N. and Kurochkin Yu.K. (1985), R.I. Di Paolo (1987), Roshchin E.M. and Panteleev V.D. (2014), Fadeev R.A. and Timchenko V.V. (2016).
Results. During the analysis, none of the four author’s methods of constructing the occlusal plane studied in the Avantis 3D program allows achieving a complete match of the calculated and natural occlusal planes in 100% of cases. The best results of the four studied methods were obtained when using themethod of Fadeev R.A. and Timchenko V.V. (2.3±0.40°).
Conclusions: the method of R.A. Fadeev and V.V. Timchenko can be recognized as optimal for designing a personalized prosthetic plane using the Avantis 3D program.
As part of this research, an intelligent clinical decision support system was developed to enhance the diagnostic efficiency of oral mucosal diseases. Following manual modeling of graph-based representations of oral mucosal diseases and development of disease prediction and diagnostic modules using algorithmic methods, the intelligent clinical decision support system underwent testing. For clinical validation, the CDSS was integrated into healthcare information systems of medical institutions and made accessible via smartphone and computer screens. The study involved evaluation of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental patient data.
Objective. Clinical validation of a Clinical Decision Support System integrated with a Medical Information System in a therapeutic dentistry clinic.
Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with oral mucosal diseases, prospective study of patients with oral mucosal conditions, Clinical Decision Support System.
Results. Clinical validation of the Clinical Decision Support System was successfully conducted in a therapeutic dentistry clinic.
Conclusions: The clinical validation demonstrated the CDSS’s capability to: extract symptoms with 91.8% accuracy, establish preliminary diagnosis with 84.7% accuracy, determine final diagnosis based on analysis of additional diagnostic methods with 94.6% accuracy.
Currently, healthcare is shifting to value-based approaches to providing medical care. This expands the rights of citizens in the field of accessibility of medical services and improves their quality. For healthcare, this approach is expressed not just in optimizing financial resources, but in using them wisely, thanks to the flexibility of the system. Unfortunately, providing medical care in some cases can harm the patient. There are many reasons for this. The doctor may make a mistake both at the stage of diagnosis and at the stage of treatment. There is no universal classification of medical errors that fully covers their types in the context of each individual specialty, the causes of the commission, the impact on the outcome, etc. In the article, we model and consider the situation of removal by a dentist-surgeon of a healthy tooth. The analysis of the doctor’s actions and their consequences, the probability and amount of compensation for material and moral damage caused. The possibility of pre-trial resolution of conflicts between the patient and the dental clinic is considered. The identification and study of the structure of defects in medical care provides opportunities to reduce the likelihood of medical error and, consequently, improve the quality of medical care to the population. Medicine is developing, so the term medical error requires not just a modern view, but also official recognition as a problem. It is necessary to supplement and clarify it, for ease of use in official medical documents.
