In recent years, numerous studies have been carried out to identify the role of trace elements in pathology and clinical practice. Particular attention is paid to the role of maternal magnesium reserves during pregnancy, as a key factor in intrauterine development of the fetus and in postnatal life, as well as the consequences of maternal magnesium deficiency during pregnancy on health status at birth, in childhood and adulthood. To date, research has shown an association between magnesium deficiency and several conditions during pregnancy associated with high mortality and morbidity, such as gestational diabetes, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and small for gestational age infants or intrauterine growth restriction. Low maternal magnesium stores during pregnancy should be included among the many factors underlying fetal programming of disease in adults.

Inherited epidermolysis bullosa includes a spectrum of rare genodermatoses characterized by dysfunction of the skin barrier, high permeability, and therefore high risks of sensitization to the most common allergens.

The aim. To assess the prevalence of food allergies and immunological features of allergy to cow’s milk proteins among a large cohort of children with inherited epidermolysis bullosa.

Materials and methods. He study was conducted with the participation of a small cohort of children of different age groups suffering from congenital epidermolysis bullosa. Children were necessarily consulted by an allergist and a nutritionist, a detailed anamnesis was collected, specific IgE to milk and its fractions were determined using ImmunoСАР.

Results. A total of 173 children with a diagnosis of inherited epidermolysis bullosa were included in the study. Allergy to cow’s milk proteins was detected in 11.1% of children with a simple form of the disease and in 16.8% of children with dystrophic form. In the group of children with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, an IgE-mediated form of food allergy with a later onset was characteristic.

Conclusion. A high frequency of allergy to cow’s milk proteins in patients with inherited epidermolysis bullosa has been shown. Food allergy can affect the overall picture of the disease, and it must be diagnosed and taken into account in this category of patients, taking into account the immunopathogenesis underlying the disease, as well as the features of the skin and mucous barrier.

Adequate optimal nutrition creates conditions for maximum physical performance, increases the body’s resistance to stress and the effects of any adverse factors. Various nutritional disorders reduce the effectiveness of training activities and negatively affect the effectiveness of training in people involved in fitness. In order to optimize the diet of this category of people, an instant product made from whole fortified goat milk (New Zealand) can be recommended. This product serves as a source of complete and well-digestible protein, calcium, and vitamin D. Linoleic acid (omega‑3) and micronutrients included in the composition increase tolerance to physical activity and help ensure water balance and muscle contraction. Consumption of a goat’s milk product helps stimulate muscle anabolism and reduce possible muscle damage. The liquid form of the finished product prevents the feeling of heaviness in the stomach, prevents the development of dehydration against the background of intense physical activity, and the composition and form allow it to be recommended after workouts or as a snack.

The article provides information about energy drinks, the composition and properties of substances that make up energy drinks, their effect on the body. Cases of negative impact on the health of adolescents are described. The analysis of the results of scientific research conducted in Russia and abroad in the period from 2015 to 2023, and presented in domestic and foreign scientific publications, which address a wide range of problems related to the influence of energy tonics on the body: their impact on the health and adaptive potential of young people, the impact of consuming a large number of energy drinks on the parameters electrocardiograms and blood pressure, the effect of energy drinks on the health of medical students, the effect of energy drinks on the concentration of students’ attention, including studies conducted on animals.

Standardization of methods for assessing body composition is an extremely relevant topic, especially when analyzing the long-term training of athletes. Evaluation of the results of measuring body composition using the method of classical anthropometry in comparison with the hardware method of bioimpedanceometry is relevant, because Measurement results from these techniques often vary, and it is important for practitioners and trainers to be aware of these differences.

The aim of the study was to ompare the results of assessing the body composition of basketball players obtained using the calculation and two hardware methods.

Materials and methods. The survey involved 25 students-basketball players (age 20.3±1.7 years). Body composition was assessed by three methods: calculation – according to the formulas of J. Mateyk, hardware – using the body composition analyzer ABC‑01 (LLC STC «MEDASS», Russia), hardware – using the basic multi-frequency portable body composition analyzer ACCUNIQ BC310 (SELVAS Healthcare Inc., Daejeon, South Korea). Statistica software was used for statistical calculations and plotting. The significance of differences between independent groups was determined using the nonparametric Mann – Whitney test (U-test). Distribution normality was assessed using the Shapiro – Wilk test. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used to compare dependent samples. Correlation analysis – according to Bland – Altman.

Results and discussion. The calculation method based on anthropometry gives significantly greater results in terms of skeletal muscle mass; in terms of basal metabolism, ACCUNIQ gives the highest values, Medass – the smallest, anthropometry method – the average between the results obtained by two hardware methods. Correlation analysis showed that when determining lean body mass, the closest results are obtained when measured using two analyzers MEDAS and ACCUNIQ (r=0.938, p<0.05 5); ANTRA and ACCUNIQ give a lower correlation (r=0.819, p<0.05), the lowest correlation is shown between the ANTRA method and MEDASS (r=0.715, p<0.05). When determining body fat mass, the methods give the least correlations than when determining lean body mass: the closest results are obtained when measured using two analyzers – MEDASS and ACCUNIQ (r=0.677; p<0.05)), ANTRA and ACCUNIQ give a lower correlation (r=0.598; p<0.05) (moreover, the correlation is not significant).

Conclusion. Determination of the body composition of athletes is possible by any of the methods (caliperometry, bioimpedancemetry), given that the same method will be used for dynamic studies.

Dietary supplements are widely used by athletes, but many may not be aware of their falsification, especially when you consider that supplements can often be contaminated with prohibited substances.

Objective. To analyze and summarize information on the prevalence of falsification of dietary supplements.

Methods. To analyze the research, we searched the following scientific electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, MedNar and eLibrary without language restrictions. The review included studies published over the past 25 years.

Results. According to the search results, we found 271 studies and a total of 36 studies were included in the review.

Conclusions. From 10 to 58% of biologically active additives may be contaminated with prohibited substances. The most common substances in them are anabolic–androgenic steroids and stimulants.

A review of the literature in recent years was carried out using the RSCI, Google Scholar, Pubmed, and ResearchGate databases.

The purpose of the review was to assess the content of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in foods and compare the doses allowed for use in dietary supplements and specialized food products with doses that provide a clinical effect. ALA or thioctic acid is synthesized in the organism and is also found in foods in free oxidized and reduced form, bound to proteins by hydrogen bonds, as well as covalently bound to lysine residues (lipoyl-lysine) in proteins, which complicates the analytical determination and reduces the bioavailability of this vitamin-like substances. Various methods for determining the natural content of individual forms (ALA and lipoyl-lysine) and their total content in food products have been described. The content of free ALA in 100 g of raw products of animal origin varies from 0.22 to 1.35 mg, of plant origin – from 0.22 to 2.04 mg. Losses during heat treatment reach 77–92%. Lipoyl–lysine content ranged from 2.11–3.99 µg/g heart, 0.56–1.17 µg/g liver, 0.71–1.40 µg/g kidney, while ALA amounts ranged from 0.22 up to 0.55 µg/g heart, from 0.38 to 0.51 µg/g liver. It is difficult to estimate the dietary intake of the total amount of all forms of ALA due to differences in extraction and detection methods. According to the domestic regulatory framework, the adequate level of ALA consumption for adults is 30 mg/day, the upper permissible level of daily consumption for adults as part of specialized food products (SFP), preventive and therapeutic nutrition and dietary supplements is 100 mg/day. ALA is often included in multicomponent dietary supplements and SPP in doses from 15 mg to 100 mg. A positive effect when taken for 10 or more weeks on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as other clinical effects in patients, is observed when taking ≥ 600 mg of ALA per day, which is significantly higher than the doses allowed for inclusion in the SFP.

There is now enough knowledge to suggest that vitamin D status is critical to overall health and balance. Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread problem and difficulties with its adequate replenishment remain, because many factors influence the absorption and bioavailability of vitamin D influenced by many factors at once. Age, diet, genetics, environmental factors, lifestyle, gut microbiome, and pharmaceutical formulation all play important roles in modulating vitamin D status in the body. Future research should continue to explore these factors and their interactions to develop effective strategies for optimizing vitamin status in humans.

Many scientific studies show the preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotics in various diseases. The L. acidophilus La‑14 strain has proven antibacterial, probiotic and immunomodulatory effectiveness, has a long history of use and does not cause the development of antibiotic resistance. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dose and duration of probiotic intake.

There are many different forms of biologically active food additives, each of which has its pros and cons that should be taken into account. The form of the supplement directly affects how much and at what rate its components will be released in the body. Despite the fact that some active ingredients retain their stability in a certain form, most nutrients can be used for use in various forms without losing their biological value. Whether it’s chewable candies, capsules, powders or tablets, there are nuances that should be taken into account in order to find the optimal form that will meet the specific needs and preferences of a person’s lifestyle.