Relevance. Effective pain relief is required for high-quality outpatient dental treatment in children. Рeriodontal local anesthetic methods are  easier to implement and safer for young patients.

 Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of the use of various local anesthetics when using a modified periodontal method in the treatment  of caries and pulpitis of permanent teeth in children 7–12 years old at an outpatient dental appointment.

 Materials and methods. The study involved 108 children of the 7–12 years old age group, who need treatment for caries and pulpitis of permanent  molars. Local anesthetic was administrated 4% solution of articaine without a vasoconstrictor, with epinephrine at concentrations of 1:200,000,  1:400,000, 2% solution of articaine without a vasoconstrictor and with epinephrine 1:200,000. To determine the effectiveness of the treatment  a developed analog-visual scale was used.

 Results. The high efficiency and safety of the use of modified periodontal anesthesia using 2 and 4% solutions of articaine with epinephrine  in the treatment of permanent molars in children aged 7–12 years was determined.  

The article shows a comparative analysis which is done in order to evaluate the effectiveness of various types of local anesthesia in the treatment  of maxillary posterior teeth. The technique of intraosseous anesthesia was considered in the article and the tasks that are necessary to obtain  an effective anesthetic effect were identified. The list of advantages and disadvantages of this anesthesia type was mentioned. It has been  established that intraosseous anesthesia is less invasive technique due to the fact that it allows to relieve the pain locally in the area of surgical  treatment, without affecting the adjacent tissues, in the area of which manipulations are not carried out.

Purpose: to identify patients with erosions at a dental appointment and draw up an individual plan for preventive and therapeutic measures,  depending on the identified etiological factors, the degree of destruction of the hard tissues of the tooth and the activity of the process.

 Materials and methods: 30 patients (14 men and 16 women) were examined for dental erosions, the average age of the participants was 33.66  (±9.58) years. The treatment plan and preventive recommendations were made on the basis of the identified etiological factors, the degree of  destruction and the stage of activity of the process.

 Results: оf the 30 patients, tooth erosion was detected in six of them (20%). Taking hormonal drugs to correct estrogen levels was detected  in two patients (6.6%), gastritis with high acidity in one patient (3.3%), an acidic diet combined with aggressive brushing of teeth in one patient (3.3%), Sjögren’s syndrome – in one patient (3.3%), frequent use of carbonated drinks – in one patient (3.3%). According to the degree  of destruction of the six patients in whom erosions were detected, I degree was observed in one patient (16.6%), II degree – in two patients (33.3%),  III degree – in three patients (50%). According to the activity of the process, out of the identified six patients with erosions, the active stage was  observed in four patients (66.6%), the stabilized stage – in two patients (33.3%).

 Conclusion: the location of erosive lesions is due to an etiological factor or a combination of them. Identification and elimination / minimization  of the etiological factor is the most important step in preventing the progression of erosive lesions. The choice of treatment method in patients  with dental erosions depends on the degree of destruction of hard tissues and the stage of process activity  

Relevance. The study of the attitude to the disease of dental patients during the adaptation period with the use of conventional clinical research  methods is relatively rarely covered in the available domestic and foreign literature.

 Objective. To study the changes of internal disease pattern after the adaptation period completion in rehabilitation of patients with full tooth  loss by full removable acrylic dentures, including the use of such orthopedic dental prosthesis together with the adhesive agent, designed to  improve their fixation.

  Materials and methods. 48 (15 men and 33 women) elderly patients (61–74 years old) with a total loss of teeth were examined and were divided  into 2 study groups: 1 – comparison group; 2 – main group. There were also examined 17 elderly people who had no defects of dental rows and  formed a control group. The defects of dental rows in the patients of the 1st and 2nd groups were eliminated by making removable dentures.  At the same time, during the adaptation period the patients of the second group of the study used a new domestic adhesive cream Aceptа  Рarodontal with an extract of medicinal herbs for fixation of dentures. Before treatment and during the adaptation period the types of patients’  relation to the disease were investigated; for this purpose the clinical technique «Type of relation to the disease» (TORD) was used

Results. It was found that while preserving the integrity of dental rows in elderly people the types of attitude to the disease included in the  conditionally adaptive block were mainly marked. At the end of adaptation period if all patients of the main group 2 had the types of attitude  towards the disease included in the first conditionally adaptive block, then the patients of the comparison group 1 in only 39.1% of people  revealed similar types of attitude towards the disease, which testified to the problems in adaptation to new removable acrylic dentures made  for the treatment of complete tooth loss.  

Conclusion. The use of ASEPTA РARODONTAL adhesive cream with herbal extracts by patients provides a positive correction of the internal  picture of the disease and the patient’s personal reaction to the treatment. On the basis of the carried out research it is possible to recommend  to patients the domestic adhesive cream ASEPTA РARODONTAL for denture fixation in order to optimize the adaptation period to removable  acrylic dentures as well as for permanent use, which will improve not only fixation and stabilization of dentures, condition of denture bed mucosa,  but also quality of speech function.

In the course of the work, the clinical effectiveness of PRESIDENT and PRESIDENT children’s toothpastes in the prevention of dental caries in preschool children was evaluated. The children were divided into two groups according to age and toothpaste used. The first group included  40 children aged 3–6 years who used PRESIDENT children’s toothpaste (Strawberry) for oral hygiene. In the second group, there were 40 children  aged 3–6 years old who visited the garden and used the children’s toothpaste PRESIDENT (Lollipop) with fluoride (500 ppm). The annual use  of the studied toothpastes led to a significant improvement in the hygienic condition of the oral cavity in all participants in the study. The numerical values of the PLI plaque index decreased by 68–70% PRESIDENT pastes have high cleaning and anti-plaque properties, thanks to which  a high level of protection of teeth in childhood is achieved

Depending on the type of dental activity, the greatest financial profit was brought by the work of dentists-therapists and dentists-surgeons, almost  in equal volume. Most of the financial resources were received by the dental department of a medical organization through paid medical  services, which is statistically significant compared to voluntary health insurance and is 1.5-2 times more. In this regard, healthcare organizers  need to intensify their efforts to attract insurance companies to increase the number of voluntary medical insurance contracts

The main complication that occurs during the operation of removing the teeth of the lateral group in the upper jaw is the perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinuses. In such cases, the main method of treatment is plastic flap of soft tissue structures, however, the restoration of the resulting bone defect is often not considered. In this article, the issue of performing plasty of perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus with one-stage reconstruction of the bone tissue of the alveolar process with the osteoplastic material Kollapan-L was studied.

The purpose of this article is to increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus using the bone-plastic material Kollapan-L and an autoplasmic membrane.

Materials and research methods. On the basis of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry of the Clinic of the Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 56 patients aged 18 to 63 years were operated on. The gender difference was as follows: 32 women and 24 men. All patients were diagnosed with perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus. Most of the patients initially applied for the extraction of the first or second molars in the upper jaw (47 people) and pushing the roots of the removed teeth into the floor of the maxillary sinus (9 people).

Results and discussion. The obtained clinical results demonstrated that patients treated with osteoplastic material in combination with centrifuged plasma (main group) had a more stable postoperative period: edema was mild or absent, the facial configuration did not change.

Conclusions. The analysis of the clinical results of treatment of 56 patients with perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus demonstrated a high efficiency of using osteoplastic material in combination with the obtained plasma.

Relevance. Chronic mechanical trauma of the oral mucosa is a serious disease that can occur when using removable orthopedic structures of various variations.

Objective. Assessment of the symptoms of patients receiving local therapy, including the use of the domestic drug Superlymf adhesive plates.

Materials and methods. In the course of a clinical study, a comparative analysis of the restoration of the oral mucosa was carried out in 4 groups of patients with different therapy options. A total of 52 people took part in the study. The observation was carried out for 14 days.

Results. It was established that the group of patients who received complex treatment consisting of Metrogil-dental gel and Solcoseryl dental paste, as well as the group that used Superlymf alginate plates, showed the best results.

Conclusion. The data obtained by us allow us to implement this treatment regimen for faster recovery of the mucous membrane in the presence of an injury from removable orthopedic structures.

The method of resonance frequency analysis was used to compare the stability of dental implants in patients with normal bone tissue condition, osteopenia and osteoporosis. The indicators allow obtaining information on the state of the implants and determining the permissible biomechanical load using an orthopedic structure. The measurement method allows observing the dynamics of the osteointegration process, and, if necessary, make timely adjustments to the functional load.

Material and methods: comprehensive examination and treatment of 690 patients who applied to the clinic for dental flaw removal by dental implantation. Among them, 547 were (79.3%) women and 143 (20.7%) men. In preparation for dental implantation operations, all patients, except for the standard examination, were also densitometrically examined by double X-ray photon absorptiometry, which revealed systemic changes in bone mineral density. Stability of dental implants and osteointegration were monitored by resonance frequency analysis.

Results: the overall value of the resonance-frequency analysis, regardless of the region of implants installed in patients with normal bone tissue, differed from those of the osteopenia and osteoporosis group, and was respectively higher by 7.1% (p < 0.001) and 10.1% (p < 0.001). The overall rate in the osteopenia group was higher, and differed from such a group of patients with osteoporosis by 5.7% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: the results of the resonance-frequency analysis provide significant information about the state of the implant-bone interface at different stages of treatment and at control examinations of patients. The measurement method allows observing the dynamics of the osteointegration process, and, if necessary, make timely adjustments to the functional load. Resonance frequency analysis is an important method for documenting the clinical outcome of implantation.

Introduction. Dry ice cryotherapy is widely used in all areas of medicine, as this method can reduce swelling, hematoma. However, there are also disadvantages inherent in this method in the form of decompensation of the vascular bed, thereby going beyond the reserve forces of the body. Because of this, it is relevant to develop and apply the method of «soft» sequential cooling of the target area, for a more consistent spastic reaction of the vascular bed. In this clinical study, the technique of local hardware hypothermia was applied, which made it possible to reduce the likelihood of undesirable local decompensatory reactions from the body.

 Purpose. Clinical rationale for the use of local hardware hypothermia in the postoperative period in patients after complex extractions of 3 molars.

Materials and methods. We studied 60 subjects diagnosed with retention and dystopia of the third molars of the n/h (30 control, 30 experimental groups). The experimental group after surgical interventions underwent PAH for 60 minutes with a target temperature of 18°C once, the control group received cryotherapy with an ice pack for 15 minutes (3 minutes exposure, 3 minutes rest 5 times). PAH was performed using the ViTherm apparatus (TsTKh Skolkovo, Moscow). The evaluation criteria in the study were: the type of wound healing, the presence of pain, swelling, lockjaw and discomfort, the use of NSAIDs, the presence of complications. The results of the study were entered into a table, with further statistical comparative analysis. For comparison, the Chi-square test with Yates correction was used.

 Results. In the control group, edema was observed in 100% of cases, and in the experimental group in 87%. Discomfort was felt by 87% and 83% of patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively. There were no complications in the experimental group, and 17% of patients in the control group (p=0.06). Pain was felt by 100% of patients in the control group and only 60% in the experimental group (p=0.0004). The intake of NSAIDs was 97% and 73%, respectively, in the control and experimental groups (p=0.03). In the experimental group, 73% of patients healed according to the primary type, and in 27% according to the secondary type. In the control group, primary healing occurs in 30% of cases, and secondary in 70% (p=0.002). In the control group, complications were observed in the form of alveolitis on the 3rd day after surgery (control n=5). 3 patients did not receive an injection of DMZ in the postoperative period at the request of the patient. In 31 patients the wound healed by primary intention (control n=9, experimental n=22), in 29 patients the wound healed by secondary intention (control n=20, experimental n=9), collateral edema was visually observed in 56 patients (control n=30 , experimental n=26). 48 patients complained of pain (control n=30, experimental n=18), discomfort when eating and talking, opening the mouth in 46 (control n=25, experimental n=21); 9 patients did not take NSAIDs (control n=1, experimental n=8).

 Conclusion. According to the statistical analysis and the results of the study, it can be said that the use of PAH in the postoperative period in patients after complex removal of 3 molars in the lower jaw reduces the likelihood of postoperative complications in the experimental group by 100%, pain by 40%, edema by 13%, the likelihood of secondary healing by 73%, trismus and discomfort by 17%, NSAIDs by 27% compared with the control group.

Currently, the prevalence of congenital pathology in the form of cysts and fistulas is more often manifested at a young age, less often in adults. Complete congenital neck fistulas are extremely rare. In this regard, the problem of primary differential diagnostics remains relevant.

Today, an orthopantomogram (OPTG) is a relevant and affordable method for diagnosing the state of anatomical structures of the maxilla-facial region and is frequently used in dentistry. With the help of this method we can detect neoplasms at different stages of development in asymptomatic patients, as well as signs of chronic inflammatory processes, traumatic injuries and other pathologies. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of soft tissue and hard tissue neoplasms of the jaws on digital OPTG obtained in the period from 2021 to 2022 at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Samara State Medical University. We analyzed 318 orthopantomographic images, among which 6 images with hard tissue neoplasms (1.89%) and 37 with soft tissue pathological processes (11.64%) were identified. The neoplasms on the upper jaw were twice as frequent (65.47%) than on the lower jaw (34.53%).

 The study proved the effectiveness of orthopantomography in assessing the structures of the maxillofacial region. Two-dimensional images are an effective way to identify these pathologies at the initial reception of dental patients. To optimize diagnosis and treatment planning it is expedient to use such images and employ elements of artificial intelligence for automation of the analysis, which will enable screening studies of the population of the Russian Federation and meet the modern requirements for oncologic alertness in dental practice.

Ballet dancers experience tremendous physical exertion every day, which leads to the early development of serious diseases of the whole body, to increased muscle tension in all parts of the body, including the muscles of the facial skeleton. In turn, this can lead to injuries and the development of increased tooth abrasion, and as a consequence, to various occlusive disorders. The purpose of the study: to improve the efficiency and quality of dental care for ballet dancers of various age groups based on the identified features of changes in the tone of the masticatory muscles. Materials and methods: 75 ballet dancers of various age groups underwent myotometry of masticatory muscles in various conditions. Results and conclusions: the age and work experience of a ballet dancer directly affects the contractility of the masticatory muscles of the facial skeleton. This leads to increased tooth abrasion, occlusive disorders and TMJ diseases of varying severity, which requires the provision of preventive and curative dental care to this group of patients already at the early stages of their professional activity.

The etiological factor of periodontal diseases is the presence of periodontopathogens, under the condition of an imbalance with commensals, they begin to have a pathological effect. With a decrease in the number of periodontopathogens in the biofilm, it is possible to restore the balance and prevent periodontal diseases or their transition to the stage of remission. To date, the most informative and accessible diagnostic method for determining periodontopathogens is real-time PCR.

The article is devoted to the analysis of medical and economic standards of medical rehabilitation of patients with complicated and un[1]complicated fractures of the mandible. The structure of therapeutic measures for the treatment of fractures of the mandible in the hospital, complications of fractures of the mandible were studied. The results of the analysis of medical documentation of 550 patients with fractures of the mandible and their complications who sought medical help in Maxillofacial hospital for war veterans, Pirogov City Clinical Hospital №1 for the period from 2006 to 2021 are presented.

Dental implantation, as a high-tech innovative direction in modern dentistry, can significantly increase the effectiveness of complex rehabilitation of patients with partial and complete loss of teeth. Methods for surgical treatment of patients with soft tissue deficiency in the area of dentition defects must meet the following requirements: minimally invasive; biological feasibility; predictability; the validity of the patterns of changes in the state of soft tissue structures of the maxillofacial during surgical intervention; the need to restore the morphological and functional components of the donor and recipient beds; the most careful attitude to the bone and soft tissue components of the alveolar crest of the jaws for subsequent dental implantation. The article presents the results of a multi-stage method for restoring soft tissue deficiency in 29 patients aged 37 to 60 years with terminal and included defects in the alveolar part of the lower jaw in the distal region using the developed surgical method for eliminating soft tissue deficiency with a vascularized muco-periosteal flap modeled in the projection of the hard palate. The effectiveness of the developed surgical technique is confirmed by clinical data characterizing the intensity of the postoperative inflammatory process, taking into account the developed criteria indicators, as well as morphological indicators of soft tissues in the projection of the apex of the alveolar part of the lower jaw in the area of dentition defects before and 3, 6, 9, 12 months after surgery. It was established that on the 30th day from the moment of surgical manipulations, the intensity of clinical manifestations of the postoperative inflammatory process in the studied patients was completely absent, and by the 12th month, the increase in the thickness of the soft tissue component in the region of the apex of the alveolar part of the lower jaw in the intervention area increased by 133.3%, at the same time, the value of soft tissue growth ranged from 2.2 mm to 3.7 mm. The analysis of the obtained results revealed the high efficiency of the developed method, allowing to expand the indications for dental implantation.