The review addresses issues related to genetic predisposition and resistance to sexually transmitted infections (STI). Genetic factors largely determine the susceptibility of the body to various diseases, including infectious ones. The main influence is given to the genes of the main histocompatibility complex and toll-like receptors. Some STI and genetic polymorphisms responsible for resistance and susceptibility to infections and related clinical consequences are considered. Knowledge of molecular genetic biomarkers is necessary to identify risk groups, conduct predictive measures, in particular vaccination.

This article presents a retrospective analysis of the laboratory monitoring orders from the specialized clinical laboratory. It has been established that large amounts of information about rare, poorly understood diseases and special types of pathology are accumulated during the everyday activity of specialized clinical laboratory. This research indicated that the share of laboratory monitoring, with 17 % of all orders, has a tendency to increase, which may be associated with the improvement of laboratory diagnostic methods. The possibility of laboratory monitoring results using in order to facilitate diagnostic process by the means of an optimal examination algorithm compiling, as well as to study regional pathology, is discussed. Besides, the prospects of using information on laboratory monitoring in improving the organization of specialized clinical laboratory’s activity are assessed.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease, which usually has a benign course. After the occurrence of steatohepatitis the risk of developing fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma significantly increases. At the moment, there are no reliable predictors of the aggressive course of this patients’ disease, but genetic aberrations are the most promising predictor markers. This article devoted to the role of the PNPLA3, TM6SF2, SERPINA1 and HFE genes in the pathogenesis and course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Data of the prevalence of pathological alleles of these genes among patients living in St. Petersburg is also included.

Background and Aims. The detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) using multicolor flow cytometry has been widely used in clinical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. The method is being improved by searching for the most sensitive and specific markers for use in panels for 6–8 color cytometers. According to published data, ROR1 shows high expression on CLL cells, and lack of expression on mature lymphocytes, which distinguishes it from other markers used to detect MRD in CLL.

Aim: to determine a significance of ROR1 for detection of MRD CLL by flow cytometry in a 4-color panel.

Materials and Methods. We analyzed 64 bone marrow samples of 37 patients with a verified diagnosis of CLL after the 3rd and 6th cycles of therapy according to bendamustine and rituximab (BR) regimen – 15 MRD-negative and 49 MRD-positive. Quantitative determination of MRD was carried out by the standardized method of 4-color flow cytometry according to the recommendations of ERIC (European research initiative on CLL) with the inclusion of ROR1 in the diagnostic panel. A discriminatory analysis of the differentiating properties of diagnostic markers was performed using Statistica 10.

Results. ROR1 has demonstrated high differentiating properties on CLL cells and mature lymphocytes. All the analyzed samples showed a bright monomorphic expression of ROR1 on CLL cells and B-cell precursors, and the absence of its expression on mature lymphocytes.

Conclusion. ROR1 is a highly specific and sensitive marker for the detection of CLL cells among mature lymphocytes. The high expression of ROR1 on normal B-cell precursors requires the use of ROR1 in combination with a marker that differentiates CLL cells from progenitor cells (CD81).

Aim. Investigation of biochemical processes effect from cellular respiration on diagnostic information about level of glucose in venous blood.

Materials and Methods. We examined 115 blood samples in Vacutainer-type tubes with coagulation activator from patients aged 21 to 90 years. Patients were treated in ophthalmological, therapeutic and surgical departments of hospital. We evaluated correlation dependence of hematological factors effect on changes in glucose level during storage of samples.

Results. Three groups were ranked according to the size of each studied indicator. We have found effect of lymphocyte counts, eosinophils, platelets, as well as thrombocrit value, average platelet volume and relative width of platelet distribution by volume, age of patients on changes in glucose values for 24 and 48 hours of blood samples storage at a temperature of +4 °С.

Conclusion. Endogenous factors of blood samples is the important elements of pre-analytical phase in validating the results of clinical laboratory tests.

The purpose. To evaluate study quality markers of myocardial damage using Sigmametry.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in a Federal Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery. Data were collected in 2017–2018. Daily there controlled the following indicators: high-sensitivity troponin T, myoglobin, the MB fraction of creatine phosphokinase. The study was performed on an automatic immunochemical electrochemiluminescence analyzer cobas e411. The sigmametry values were calculated using CV (coefficient of variation), systematic error (bias), and total analytical error (TE_max).

Results. The analysis of the quality of laboratory studies using the calculation of sigma values in 2017 revealed: sigma values less than 4 are noted in the study of the second level of the control material for highly sensitive troponin T, at the same time in the study of the first level of the control material sigma values more than 4 and amounted to 6.26. Analysis of the quality of laboratory studies in 2018, showed the following: the values of sigma is less than 4 it is noted in the study of the first level of the control material at a fraction of MB – creatine phosphokinase, at the same time in the study of level 2 control material values of sigma greater than 4, and amounted to 4.14.

Conclusions. Оn the basis of sigmametry (calculation of sigma values) changes in the tactics of intralaboratory analysis were held, what allowed to improve the quality of laboratory studies.

Aim. To study morphofunctional properties of platelet lamella′s forming in donors and patients with thrombotic disorders.

Materials and methods. We studied platelets of blood donors, patients with deep venous thrombosis, burned patients with thrombotic disorders. Morphofunctional analysis was performed, using original method, based on cell vital staining.

Results. In patients with deep venous thrombosis morphofunctional platelet value was enhanced, in burned patients with thrombotic disorders platelet integrity was low. After 10–15 minutes of adhesion on glass spreading platelets maintained 3 subpopulations: cells without lamella, able to fluent granule efflux (1th type); cell with lamellipodias (2th type); cells with wide lamella, covering cell perimeter (3th type). In donors′ blood most of spreading platelets formed lamella at 1–2 hours, in patients with deep venous thrombosis this process was noticeably accelerated, estimating 30–35 minutes, what is more, spreading platelets viewed both intensive lamella′s growth and rapid degranulation of cells without lamella, followed by aggregation on the glass. Burned patients had significant decay of platelet adhesion, lamella formation was low-identified – less than 20 % of spread platelets formed lamellipodias. Among blood donors one could notice heterogeneous level of platelets, capable to rapid granules′ release during contact with adhesive substrate.

Conclusion. The lack of lamella forming may occur both at low and high morphofunctional platelet rate. During deep venous thrombosis lamella′s growth velocity was noticeably increased. Among spreading platelets with granules one could find subpopulation of cells, capable to rapid granules′ release in norm and pathology.

Laboratory tests for lupus anticoagulant (LA) are necessary for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) diagnosis. Due to antibody heterogeneity, there are two test systems recommended to maximize detection rates: one of them is the dilute Russell’s viper venom time (dRVVT) and the second one is the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Current guidelines recommend getting the reference ranges and cut-off of the normalized screen/confirm ratio in dRVVT and APTT in every laboratory. The aim of this work is establishing of reference ranges and cut-off for the normalized ratio in dRVVT and APTT reagents using two type of sample preparation. The cut-off values of LA1/LA2 (37 °C, 30 minutes), LA1/LA2 (22–25 °C, 30 minutes), Actin FSL/Actin FS (37 °C, 30 minutes) and Actin FSL/Actin FS (22–25 °C, 30 minutes) pairs in the normalized ratio were 1.21, 1.18, 1.07 and 1.08, respectively.

The article describes the spectrum of Candida fungi, isolated from hospital patients in 2018, provides an analysis of the sensitivity of Candida fungi to antifungal agents.

The classic function of vitamin D is to regulate calcium metabolism. Currently, however, convincing data have been obtained on the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with the development of a number of diseases. The article analyzes the results of recent studies that present the effects of vitamin D on the immune system, cardiovascular system and liver diseases. Discusses the mechanisms of admission of vitamin D in the body, presents new data on the regulation of levels of active form of vitamin D phosphatonins (FGF23, MEPE, sFRP-4) and protein Klotho. The characteristic of methods of determination of vitamin D in blood serum is presented. Biological factors that influence the results of quantitative determination of vitamin D with different methods are considered separately.

The results of examinations of adolescent boys with varying degrees of obesity and delayed sexual development (DSD) showed that the content of hormones (kisspeptin, leptin, testosterone, gonadotropins, etc.) correlated with the level of essential and toxic chemical elements in urine. Correlations between urine concentrations of zinc, selenium and levels of leptin, kisspeptin and testosterone were found. This points to the etiological determinant of microelementosis in the formation of DSD in obesity in boys — possibly the effect of high lead content in urine.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the possibility of using enzyme analysis of the tear and oral fluids to diagnose the complications of ophthalmoherpes in children. In case of herpetic keratitis in children, the distinctive features of enzyme activity are revealed depending on the clinical form and severity of ophthalmoherpes. This allows you to assess the intensity of inflammation, the effectiveness of treatment and predict the complications of the disease. Determination of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in tears can be used to identify myopia in children of preschool age. The study of the tear fluid allows you to expand the possibilities of non-invasive diagnosis of ophthalmoherpes in children.

Measurement of vitamin D has increased significantly in recent years. Most studies focused on 25(OH)D, which is considered the best indicator of vitamin D status, while there is now more interest in the combined measurement of several clinically significant vitamin D metabolites using the LC–MS/MS technique, which allows simultaneous determination of various vitamin D metabolites over a wide dynamic range. Multi-panel LC–MS/MS analyses are likely to improve future research on the optimal combination of metabolites to assess vitamin D sufficiency, as well as help us better understand its metabolism in normal and pathological changes in the human body. The review examines current trends in analytical determination of vitamin D status and their application in clinical studies.

The article presents a clinical observation of a 54-year-old patient with sensorimotor polyneuropathy and newly diagnosed celiac disease. It was shown that laboratory methods for examining patients with polyneuropathy are required to identify the etiology of the process in most cases. Attention is drawn to the possibility of developing polyneuropathy with gluten intolerance without obvious pathological manifestations of the gastrointestinal tract. The importance of not only observing a gluten-free diet for treatment, but also the use of pulsed currents in the form of an exponent to reduce pain, improve trophism of muscle tissue, increase muscle strength and restore deep sensitivity is reflected. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is an effective therapy.