A clinical-genealogical analysis of 468 children aged 1 to 15 years with constitutional exogenous obesity was held, data for about 6 788 relatives of obese probands has been collected. As pain control was studied the pedigrees of 100 healthy children and information about 889 their relatives. With all family situations and options for the transfer of body type the dependence between the body weight of probands and body weight of the parent whose morphotype it inherits were revealed. Constitutional exogenous obesity in children is characterized by the gradual appearance and progression of metabolic and hormonal disorders. Obesity, a pathological symptom, passed down from generation to generation, has a certain functional and morphological structure. Its implementation can be carried out only if the total accumulation of genetic and nongenetic (environmental) influences is 'safe’ for the manifestation process.

Methods of laboratory diagnostics play a leading role in the etiological diagnosis of infective endocarditis, the choice of treatment Protocol and use of different modes of dispensing of drugs. New Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis’ (2015), proposed by the European society of cardiology from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine include the use in clinical practice, the modified Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis recommend new algorithm for the etiological diagnosis of the disease. The study presents the analysis of possibilities of modern methods of laboratory diagnostics in relation to clinical practice in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, demonstrated the relationship of their capabilities, the strategy and consistency of application, their effectiveness in any particular clinical situation.

542 urine samples were tested with Alifax HB&L Light (Alifax, Italy) analyzer using a laser light scattering technology. Urine samples were obtained from children aged from one to 16 years with different pathologies. 399 sample showed a negative result (87.2 %) 3 hours after inoculation, 51 samples were positive (12.8 %). Bacteriuria definition is crucial for the diagnostics of urinary tract infections in a short period of time (3 hours) especially for material obtained during surgical procedures and from outpatients.

Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-2, IFN-y, TNF-а and regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 were evaluated in 75 patients with dual infection HIV+TB, 58 patients with HIV monoinfection and 50 patients with TB monoinfection who were previously naive for HAART. The decreased levels of Th1- and Th2-cytokines were observed in patients with dual infection HIV + TB in comparison with patients who had only HIV or TB. However the elevated expression of IL-6 (which stimulates the HIV-replication and inhibits the TNF-а fusion with macrophages) was noted in patients with HIV + TB co-infection. The decreased secretion of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines in patients with HIV associated with TB may serve as immunological markers of progression of HIV-infection in patients with TB.

The main problem in the D-dimer estimation in plasma is the almost complete lack of standardization at the production stage of laboratory equipment and reagents, calibrators, test systems, and control materials. In two cycles of interlaboratory comparisons (100 laboratories were included in the study) interlaboratory coefficient of variation reached 80 %. Method of determining normal values for the population, offered by manufacturers of reagents for each laboratory, is unacceptable due to the complexity of this work and its high cost. The aim of this study was to compare laboratory D-dimer determination in plasma samples of patients and control materials with the use of automated analysis techniques to improve the accuracy of the determination of this analyte in clinical practice without a set of reference values for groups of healthy individuals of different age and gender. Materials and methods: comparative analysis of results of D-dimer determination in plasma of healthy donors and patients undergoing treatment at the Institute of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductology n.a. D. O. Ott and clinics of the Medical university n.a. acad. I. P. Pavlov (St. Petersburg). Results: mathematical method of recalibration of laboratory equipment (methods) to compare the results of the D-dimer determination with two levels (low and high) of universal control material was proposed. It was determined that it is advisable to make the recalibration (multiply by a factor of comparability) of the results of D-dimer determination if there is a significant deviation of the coefficient of correlation from the value of 1.0.

The balance between the various links of hemostasis is formed during physiological pregnancy that prevents the development of thrombohemorrhagic events. The balance upset can lead to complications of pregnancy (miscarriage, threatened miscarriage, missed abortion, gestosis and others). The tests of D-dimer and trombodinamics were used in order to assess the hemostatis system in pregnant women with aggravated obstetric history at different stages of gestation. Trombodinamics is global test that visualizes the clotting process. It is as highly-sensitive both to procoagulant and to hypocoagulant changes in blood coagulation system. The growth of D-dimer levels depending on gestational age was revealed. Thrombodynamics test indicators were within the reference values for pregnant women. Such indicator as blood clot density (D) significantly increased with gestational age. Correlation analysis showed no relationship between values of trombodinamics test and D-dimer levels.

The article presents data concerning the age peculiarities of the immune status and activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) in populations of lymphocytes in children with glycogen storage disease (GSD) I, III and VI types. It is shown that in patients with GSD type I and III abnormalities in the immune status increases with age in comparison with the control group. In patients with GSD with age increases the relative content of Th17-lymphocytes and the ratio of Th17 to T-regulatory lymphocytes. Disturbed the ratio of B1- and B2-lymphocytes in all types GSD. In children older than 12 years it was noted a significant predominance of populations of B 1-lymphocytes. The activity of SDG in the major populations of lymphocytes is reduced in comparison with the control group, the most pronounced changes are observed with type I GSD. The activity of SDG in Th17-lymphocytes decreased significantly with age, while maintaining the level of enzyme activity in regulatory T-lymphocytes.

The study of the metabolic status of 102 patients with abdominal obesity (AO) in different stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was performed to determine the most significant predictors of cardio-vascular disorders. Arterial hypertension or receiving antigipertenziveh funds is the main exclusion criterion. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established based on ultrasound examination of the liver, as well as on FibroMax and SteatoScreen indices (BioPredictive, France). Two groups were identified: amounting to 20 % metabolically healthy phenotype of abdominal obesity (MHPAO) and amounting to 80 % an unhealthy metabolic phenotype of abdominal obesity (UMPAO). Statistically significant differences of severity (p < 0.01) between the patients’ groups were identified for indicators: total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, ratio of accumulation of lipids LAP, an index of visceral obesity VAI, homocysteine. Identifying a visceral adipose dysfunction index VAI demonstrates a 12-fold increase in the likelihood of having MS in patients with abdominal obesity (OR: 12.38; 95% CI: 4.55-33.74; p < 0.0001). The level of VAI at AO for MHPAO patients is 1.57 [±0.8; m ± 99 % CI] relative units, significantly lower compared to patients with UMPAO of 4.02 [±2.1; m ± 99% CI] relative units (p < 0.001). The connection between VAI index with different forms of NAFLD have not been identified. The frequency of MS not accompanied by an increase in blood pressure is higher in patients with fibrosis compared with steatosis ones (OR: 4.01; 95 % CI: 1.14-14.69; p < 0.05). The combination of AO and two or more additional risk factors of MS the chances of detection of increase of the thickness of the intima-media complex of the common carotid artery (IMC) 11.5 times higher than among MHPAO group (OR: 11.5; 95 % CI: 3.16-41.89; p < 0.05). The VAI index demonstrates a high degree of statistical significance of the forecast of increase in the thickness of IMC (OR: 8.16; 95 % CI: 2.85-23.35; p < 0.00001). Among other factors of cardiovascular complications (total cholesterol, hs-CRP, homocysteine, apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A ratio), the correlation with the thickness of the IMC increasing have not been identified; probably at the stage of absence of hypertension, these factors are less important. The results allow us to conclude that there is a relationship of abdominal obesity, markers of systemic inflammation with the progression of the NAFLD stages and cardiovascular disorders.

One of the main characteristics that defines a course of prostate cancer is the degree of tumor differentiation on the Gleason scale. Gleason score is a synonym of prostate cancer, which is used worldwide as a life prediction criterion and inform the patient about the need for treatment. Objective. To study the role of the original value of tumor differentiation on the Gleason score in predicting the course of prostate cancer in men of different age groups. Materials and methods. This open non-randomized study was based on retrospective analysis of medical data in 291 patients aged 55 to 92 years (an average age was 73.3 years) with confirmed prostate cancer. Results. According to the characteristic on the Gleason score tumor patients were distributed as follows: with less than 6 points were 162 (55.7 %), with 6-7 ones were 96 (33.0 %) and more than 8 points were 33 (11.3 %) patients. In our observation the 5-year overall survival rate was 79.7 ± 3,8 %o, the 10-year old was 54.4 ± 4.2 %, 15-year-old was 28,3 ± 4,0 %. A similar trend was observed in decreasing cancer-specific survival that at 5, 10 and 15 years was 91.8 ± 1.7 %, 86.1 ± 2.6 % and 65.8 ± 6.7 % respectively. According to cancer-specific survival of the whole group statistically significant differences between patients with less than 7 and Gleason score, and 8 or more points (p = 0.001) were found. We observed no differences between the groups up to 6 and 6-7 points. Patients over the age of 80 years, the survival rate in the group with 8 or more Gleason score was higher than 6-7 points. Conclusion. The percentage of different degrees of differentiation of prostate cancer does not change with age, but the prognostic significance of the degree of Gleason score differentiation reduced in patients over the age of 80 years, which is probably due to the unfavorable outlook on the background of comorbidity.