The frequency of using liquid complementary hygiene products has been increasing significantly in recent years. This trend is typical not only for adults, but also for children. The ease of use of rinses, foams, suspensions largely contributes to the growth of their popularity. As substances having a complex effect, researchers have long been interested in mineral complexes, among which calciumand magnesium-containing compounds are of particular importance [2, 3]. Such natural minerals as carnalite, kieserite, and bischofite are of particular interest. The effectiveness of the anti-carious, anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory effects of preventive drugs was evaluated: irrigator liquid + mouthwash WATERDENT Anti-caries and baby foam for the oral cavity WATERDENT Happy Smile during the rehabilitation period in children with permanent bite.

Materials and methods. An open comparative study of the effectiveness of the use of liquid for the irrigator + mouthwash WATERDENT «Anticaries» and baby foam for the oral cavity WATERDENT Happy Smile was conducted. To assess the effectiveness of the hygiene products used, the following clinical indicators were selected: the caries intensity index (KPI), the Green – Vermillion simplified index (IG-U), the PMA index and the Mulleman – Cowell index. Clinical parameters were determined before and after the use of the compared hygiene products in groups after 1 month. During the study, laboratory saliva parameters were monitored: saliva pH, total protein, determination of saliva Ca and Md. 3 groups of participants were recruited from among those who applied for help at the UMMU dental clinic. All volunteers were somatically healthy children aged 12–18 years with different caries activity and catarrhal gingivitis, randomly distributed by gender and age. Statistical data processing was carried out in Microsoft Excel and Statist programs.

 Results. The evaluation of clinical tests in the groups showed a significant change in the indices of PMA and Grinn – Vermilion (р ≤0,05) in patients of the main group and a statistically significant improvement in the index of Grinn – Vermilion (р ≤ 0,05) in patients using foam (comparison group), while in the control group there were no dynamics of statistically significant changes in clinical indicators. An increase in the level of calcium in saliva in patients who used Irrigator Liquid + mouthwash WATERDENT Anti-caries from 2.30 to 2.95 characterizes the high mineralizing potential of bischofite, which is part of its composition, and its karyoprophylactic property. An assessment of laboratory data in the main and comparison groups at the beginning of the experiment and after 1 month showed a significant change in total protein values from 2.94 to 2.26 and 2.72 to 2.09 g/l, respectively, for these groups (p <0.05), which shows the positive effect of these products on hygiene, on changes in saliva properties and karyoprophylactic potential.

Conclusions. Clinical and laboratory studies of the use of Liquid for irrigator + rinse WATERDENT Anti-caries and baby Foam for the oral cavity Waterdent Happy Smile confirm the claimed consumer properties of these products: anti-carious, anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory effects and can be recommended in comprehensive individual hygienic oral care for children.

The effectiveness of the use of PRESIDENT ADHESIUM gum balm in adolescents with chronic gingivitis was studied according to clinical and cytological data.

Materials and methods. A open non-comparative study of the effectiveness of treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis (ICD-10 code K05.1) with PRESIDENT ADHESIUM gum balm was conducted. Thirty-eight children participated in the study, the average age was 14,9 years. Clinical dental examination included determination of caries intensity according to DMF, hygiene index OHI-S, gingival inflammation index PMA (modified by Parma), gingival sulcus bleeding index PBI (Saxer, Miihiemann). Cytologic examination of gingival fluid smears included cell evaluation, presence of atypical cell complexes, cytogenetic index counting, proliferation index, apoptosis index (according to Bazarny V.V. et al. (2019) and relative leukocyte count. Organoleptic properties of the balsam were determined on a 5-point scale.

Results. After applying PRESIDENT ADHESIUM gum balm for a week, an improvement in hygiene, a decrease in gingival inflammation and bleeding according to the PMA index by 33.54%, and bleeding according to the PBI index by 44.23%. In the gingival cytograms, the apoptosis index decreased after the treatment from 10.96±0.50 to 9.54±0.49%. The number of leukocytes decreased from 32.60±1.72 to 24.85±1.30%. Organoleptic properties of the gel were evaluated on a five-point scale at 4.46±0.43 points.

Conclusions. Cytology of gingival cells allows an objective assessment of inflammatory changes in catarrhal gingivitis in adolescents. The number of leukocytes and changes in the apoptosis index of epithelial cells can serve as criteria for diagnosis and treatment effectiveness. PRESIDENT ADHESIUM gum balm has anti-inflammatory action and good organoleptic properties and can be recommended for prevention of catarrhal gingivitis in adolescents.

Relevance. Diagnosis of the condition of periodontal tissues at the stage of comprehensive treatment planning for a dental patient is an important step in the work of dentists. The presence of difficulties in diagnosing the phenotypic condition of the gums dictates the need to search for additional clinical diagnostic methods that allow determining the phenotype with minimal time and financial costs.

Objective. To determine the relationship between anthropometric values of the face (width and height of the face) and gender with the gin-

gival phenotype.

Materials and methods. During the clinical examinations, an analysis was carried out of the anthropometric data of men and women obtained as a result of photometry, the results of a study of the gingival phenotype by transgingival probing using the De Rouck method and CBCT data (cone beam computed tomography) in patients with their further distribution into groups. A total of 45 people took part in the study, of which 12 were men and 33 were women.

Results. Statistical processing of the obtained data showed that for men, the differences between the groups with different phenotypes (thick/ thin) are reliable for the parameter face width. For women with different gum phenotypes (thick and thin), reliable differences were obtained between the groups for the parameters face height and face width. The gum phenotype correlates with the face width (noticeable correlation for all, high for men and women separately); face height (moderate correlation for all, men and women); but does not correlate with the facial index and gender.

Conclusion. Thus, the study showed that a combined diagnostic examination of the patient, taking into account gender, facial height and width in women, and facial width in men, can help in the correct assessment of the gingival phenotype.

Relevance. Traumatic prosthodontic stomatitis is the most frequent in clinical prosthetic dentistry, increasing the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of which is considered an urgent problem of practical dentistry.

Objective. To study the effectiveness of using various domestic means for oral care in patients suffering from traumatic prosthetic stomatitis

. Materials and methods. The study involved 42 elderly patients suffering from denture stomatitis due to the use of removable acrylic dentures. The patients were divided into 2 groups. In the control group after dentures correction they were recommended to use rinses and irrigations of the oral cavity with antiseptic solutions for a week, and later with infusions of medicinal herbs. Patients of the main group during their follow-up used local anti-inflammatory and wound-healing agents produced by thedomestic industry, as well as those improving the fixation of removable dentures. The effectiveness of denture stomatitis treatment and prevention of recurrence was evaluated on the basis of the patient’s complaints and clinical condition of the oral mucosa.

 Results. . It was established that for effective therapy of denture stomatitis it is necessary to use specially produced anti-inflammatory agents for the oral cavity during the period of acute inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the denture bed, and when using removable acrylic dentures it is necessary to recommend ASEPTA denture fixation cream, which has proved itself not only in the aspect of optimization of microbiota and mucosal immunity of the mouth, but also for optimization of psychophysiological state of patients. Their use makes it possible to achieve 81.47% efficacy of prosthetic stomatitis treatment on the 5th day and 100% efficacy of therapy on the 7th day from the beginning of their use by the patient, as well as in the nearest period to provide prevention of this disease recurrence.

Conclusion. For secondary prophylaxis of traumatic prosthetic stomatitis, which occurs most often among the complications when patients use removable acrylic dentures, it is advisable to use specially produced by the domestic industry means possessing anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties, as well as favorably acting on the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed.

The study aims s are researching the negative effect of nicotine-containing vapes on physical and chemical parameters of oral fluid and morphotyping of dried oral fluid drop among young somatically healthy individuals.

 Material and methods. The study included 20 people between the ages of 18 and 24 years old, divided into 2 groups: the «Vape» group (n=12) human only nicotine-containing vape for at least 2 years and the «Control» group (n=8) not human nicotine in any form. pH, thiocyanate (rhodonide) concentrations, surface tension, oral fluid volume, hygiene indices and periodontal indices were studied. The morphotype of dried oral fluid drop was analyzed.

Results. In the «Control» group in 3 cases gingivitis chronic K05.1 was diagnosed, and in the patients of the «Vape» group in 9 cases. It was found that the rhodonide content in the «Vape» group before «vaping» was higher than in the «Control» group and was Me= 1.31 mM/L and Me=0.58 mM/L respectively p=0.012. After vape application, the concentration of rhodonides in oral fluid increased in 1.16 times (p=0.0077), nitrite ions content from Me=0.09 mg/L to Me=0.32 mg/L (p=0.07), pH increased to Me=7.64; (LQ=7.45; HQ=7.67) (p=0.07) (p=0.07). The volume of RW in the Vape group remains 2.8 times smaller than in the Control group (p=0.012). The microcrystallization pattern of the oral fluid drop in the «Vape» group before «steaming» more often corresponded to type II A, and after «steaming» in 33.4% cases type III was determined, in 25% – type II B.

Conclusions. Thus, in «vapers» of 18–24 years old statistically reliable reduction of oral fluid volume, high values of hygiene index shift of acid-base balance in the direction of alkalosis creates conditions in the oral cavity for the development of periodontal diseases and the emergence of cariesogenic situation. There was an increase in the concentration of rhodanide and nitrite ions, which in combination with other components of vape aerosols can be considered as procarcinogens, syncarcinogens and cocarcinogens. The change in the morphology of facies pattern, type of microcrystallization of oral fluid drop in the dynamics of vape use corresponds to the vector of changes observed in other inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity

equipment (braces) on the biochemical parameters of oral fluid.

Materials and methods. The study involved patients aged 18 to 22 years who are undergoing orthodontic treatment with a bracket system. Thegroup of examined persons was 25 people. The control group included 15 practically healthy people without braces. All patients underwent dental status assessment (Green – Vermillion hygiene index – simplified IG-Y; PMA inflammation index), laboratory examination of oral fluid before and after controlled oral hygiene. The biochemical analysis included determination of the acid-base balance in the oral fluid using a pH meter, assessment of free radical oxidation by chemiluminogram parameters by biochemiluminescence and by levels of molecular products of lipid peroxidation (diene and triene conjugates, Schiff bases), activity of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, concentrations of total protein and lactate.

Results and discussions. In patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with a bracket system, an insufficient level of oral hygiene and inflammatory manifestations in the gums of moderate severity were revealed. The level of the acid-base balance of the oral fluid before controlled hygiene was equal to 6.8±0.19, that is, below the range of normal pH values in the oral cavity. After hygiene, the pH of the oral fluid returned to the norm of 7.1±0.2. In patients with braces, activation of free radical oxidation and an increase in lipoperoxidation parameters – triene conjugates and Schiff bases, increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, total protein and lactate levels took place.

Cоnclusion. After hygienic treatment of the oral cavity, the biochemical parameters did not differ statistically significantly from the control data.

Introduction. Radioiodine therapy is a modern method of treating thyroid pathology. Its use is possible both in malignant tumors and in thyrotoxicosis. However, this technique has a complication in the form of impaired salivary gland function, which causes dryness in the oral cavity, its increase and pain syndrome.

The aim of our study to identify risk factors for the development of functional disorders of the salivary glands in patients who underwent radioiodine therapy.

Material and methods. A retro-prospective open-label, two-center, non-randomized study was conducted, which included 61 patients who received radiotherapy for thyroid diseases. In 33/61 patients, there were no signs of sialadenitis development on the background and after radioiodine therapy. Twenty-eight patients (28/61) who had a lesion of the salivary gland on the background of ongoing therapy. A statistical analysis of data on gender, age, the main clinical diagnosis, the stage of the underlying disease, the received dose of I131, the presence or absence of sialadenitis, the time from the start of radionuclide therapy to the development of sialadenitis was carried out.

Results. When analyzing the data obtained, it was revealed that independent adverse factors that increase the risk of developing salivary gland lesions in patients who received at least one session of radioiodine therapy were: female (p = 0.0219; HR 10.38: 95% CI 1.40–76.84) and age 61 years and younger (p = 0.0004; HR 1.04: 95% CI 1.02–1.06). And the median of the total accumulated dose of the radiopharmaceutical did not show its significance in the multifactorial analysis.

Conclusion. The development of chronic sialadenitis on the background of radioiodine therapy is a multifactorial pathology. This pathology requires dynamic monitoring and preventive measures, especially the risk group (female and age 61 years and younger).

Immunoglobulins are considered to be the main factor of specific antimicrobial protection of oral tissues.

The study was conducted on the basis of the University Children’s Clinical Hospital of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Child Health, in the Department of Rheumatology. The study involved 316 children, with diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), juvenile dermatomyositis (YDM), juvenile limited scleroderma (YOSD), juvenile systemic scleroderma (YSSD), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic vasculitis (SV) and Behcet’s disease (BB) and were divided into age groups according to the duration of the course of the underlying disease. The analysis of the results revealed a decrease in the content of IgG, IgA, sIgA in saliva in children with rheumatic diseases in all age groups compared with the control group (children without somatic diseases). With the duration of the course of the disease up to 2 years, the most pronounced decrease in the content of IgG, IgA, sIgA in saliva was revealed, more than 4–10 times (p<0.05), and with a duration of more than 2 years, a decrease of 2–3 times (p<0.01), compared with the control group. The deficiency of these immunoglobulins shows that in children with rheumatic diseases, regardless of the nosology, there is a violation of the local immunity of the oral cavity, especially at the onset of the underlying disease (in groups up to 2 years of the duration of the course of the underlying disease), with pronounced autoimmune inflammation of tissues and blood vessels, and this is also facilitated by the reception, during this period of shock doses of glucocorticosteroids, cytostatics, immunosuppressors, which leads to severe inflammatory processes of the oral mucosa, periodontal and hard tissues of the teeth.

Relevance. Modern dental practice strives, above all, to preserve teeth. A variety of operations aimed at this include dental replantation. Replantation is used in cases where there are difficulties with the root canals, such as their pathological bending or previous treatment with the resorcinol-formalin method, and also when root resection is impossible due to the risk of damage to surrounding structures, for example, the maxillary sinus or the inferior alveolar nerve.

The purpose of this study was to study the osseointegration of a replanted tooth subjected to coronoradicular separation.

Materials and methods. Thirty-one-year-old patient K. came to the dental clinic with the problem of pain in the projection of tooth 4.6, which occurs during chewing. A detailed examination revealed that the crown of tooth 4.6 had previously undergone restoration using a filling material that had defects. It was decided that tooth 4.6 should be removed and subsequently replanted. The tooth was extracted according to established procedures, while maximally preserving the surrounding periodontal and periosteal tissues. To preserve periodontal tissues, alveolar curettage was carefully performed. During the extraction of the tooth, it was longitudinally divided into two parts – the medial and distal roots. After this, the root canals were treated using extraoral therapy. The roots of tooth 4.6, treated with an antiseptic, were returned to their anatomical positions in the alveolus. The final stage was the creation of a control x-ray to verify the correctness of the replantation.

Conclusions. After two years of observation of tooth 4.6, which was subjected to replantation, no pathological changes in root stability were detected. It was reported that the soft tissue surrounding the roots of the tooth formed a structure similar to the periodontal sulcus, which facilitated the use of retraction cord during tooth preparation.

The purpose of our study the features of clinical manifestations and treatment of Covid-associated osteonecrosis of the midface (rhinocerebral form of mucormycosis). An analysis of the clinical features and results of surgical treatment of 35 patients with Covid-associated osteonecrosis of the midface was carried out. Difficulties in diagnosing of Covid-associated osteonecrosis led to late hospitalization and extensive surgical treatment with the huge defects formation. Due to the nonspecificity of clinical symptoms and the difficulties of early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of invasive rhinocerebral forms of mucormycosis, the aggressive clinical course with the formation of extensive defects in the midface, long and complex rehabilitation of patients with Covid-associated osteonecrosis of the midface, the vigilance of general practitioners is necessary and specialists: dental surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, ophthalmologists, otolaryngologists, neurologists, regarding the possibility of developing invasive aggressive forms of mycoses in immunocompromised patients who have suffered a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. 

polyetiology, progressive course and high frequency of relapses is one of the urgent problems of modern dentistry. Different conceptual approaches to the analysis of etiological and pathogenetic aspects of the development of dysfunctional TMJ disorders predetermine the increased interest in the search for highly informative diagnostic methods, especially at the stage of preclinical manifestations.

Goal. Evaluation of possibilities of computerized joint vibration analysis method in diagnostics of TMJ functional state.

Materials and methods. The study involved 42 people of both sexes with physiologic types of bite, preserved tooth rows, no signs of functional disorders in TMJ and masticatory muscles. The patients underwent clinical dental examination, «Hamburg test», selective grinding of teeth, and measurement of mouth opening amplitude. Joint vibration analysis was performed on the hardware-software complex «BioPAK» with registration of TMJ noise oscillations according to the following indices: «Total Integral», «High Integral», «Low Integral», «Ratio». A flow chart (Ishigaki S. et al., 1993) was used to interpret the numerical values. The functional state of TMJ was de-termined according to the flowchart using numerical parameters in accordance with the classification of TMJ disorders (Wilkes С.Н., 1989).

Results. In patients with physiologic occlusion, according to joint vibration analysis, Me «Total Integral» of the right TMJ was 11.7 PaHz, left TMJ – 12.6 PaHz, [Q-25; Q-75] – [9.3; 15.1] PaHz and [10.5; 18.3] PaHz respectively, Me «High Integral» of the right TMJ – 1.3 PaHz, left TMJ – 1.4 PaHz, [Q-25; Q-75] – [1.0; 1.8] PaHz and [1.2; 2.1] PaHz respectively, with no statistically significant (p≤0.05) differences in the studied parameters between the right and left TMJ.

Conclusions. The diagnosis of «structurally intact» TMJ, corresponding to stage I of the American classification of TMJ disorders (Wilkes S.N., 1989) in people with physiologic types of bite, is confirmed by the numerical values [Q-25; Q-75] of «Total Integral», «High Integral» (block diagram of S. Ishigaki et al., 1993), the degree of maximum mouth opening [43; 50] mm in the absence of pronounced signs of facial asymmetry.

Based on a review of the current literature and a survey of dentists, the following applicators were selected: Ipex (Nsk), Propex pixi (Dentsply), AirPex (Eighteeth), NanoEst (Geosoft), Raypex 6 (VDW). As a result of a retrospective study, the most effective work was shown by the applicator Propex pixi(Dentsply) – 96%, the device showed the least efficiency – AirPex(Eighteeth) – 80%.

The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between teeth after endodontic treatment and/or with apical periodontitis, in patients with a number of systemic diseases and smokers among the adult population of Yaroslavl.

Materials and methods of research. Medical history data were collected, including age, gender, presence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, allergies, smoking habits and data on endodontic dental treatment of 421 patients (10,540 teeth). The prevalence of depulpated teeth and the periodontal condition were assessed by orthopantomograms. The periapical status was classified according to the periapical Index PAI (PAI), chronic apical periodontitis was defined as PAI-score ≥3. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Stata/MP v. program.17.0 (StataCorp LLC, Texas 77845-4512, USA) using chi-square tests, odds ratio and confidence intervals (95%).

The results and their discussion. The overall prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis and the prevalence of teeth after endodontic treatment was 2.2 and 4.2%, respectively. The high prevalence of depulpated teeth increased the likelihood of chronic apical periodontitis (p<0.0001). In the group of men, there was a higher percentage of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis (p<0.0001), a lower percentage of teeth after endodontic treatment (p=0.05) and a greater number of residual roots (with complete destruction of the crown of the tooth) (2.3%). Smokers were more likely to have teeth with chronic apical periodontitis (p=0.002) and the prevalence of teeth after endodontic treatment (p=0.045). A positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of teeth after endodontic treatment and diabetes mellitus (p=0.040).

Conclusion. A higher prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis and/or teeth after endodontic treatment in smokers and patients with diabetes mellitus may indicate a relationship between the condition of the oral cavity and a number of systemic diseases.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of three elements: a photosensitizer, light and oxygen. The photosensitizer has the property of selective accumulation in target tissues without harming healthy cells. This innovative therapeutic method has already been successfully adapted in many areas of medicine, such as dermatology, gynecology, urology and oncology. PDT is also beginning to be introduced in dentistry. The antibacterial and fungicidal properties of the photosensitizer are used to achieve better results in the medical and surgical treatment of patients.

Objective. To analyze current scientifi   data on the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in various fi   of dentistry, evaluate its effectiveness, and assess prospects for development.

Materials and methods. A review of recent scientifi literature was conducted, including original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses focused on PDT application in dentistry. Data on mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and new developments in PDT were analyzed.

Results. High effi of PDT was established in the treatment of periodontal diseases, peri-implantitis, endodontic infections, and oral oncological diseases. Advantages of combined application of PDT with other treatment methods were noted. Promising directions for PDT development were identifi     including the creation of new photosensitizers and technological innovations in equipment.

Conclusions. PDT is a promising treatment method in dentistry, demonstrating high efficacyand safety. Further research is aimed at optimizing treatment protocols, developing personalized approaches, and integrating PDT with other modern technologies.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunctions are conditions in which there is a disruption in the anatomical and functional relationship between the various structures of the joint, including the articular disc, intra-articular ligaments, mandibular head and capsule. These disorders have a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life, resulting in limitations in masticatory function and articulation. The multifactorial nature of this pathology emphasizes the need for an individualized and comprehensive approach to the treatment of each patient. In most cases, treatment includes both surgical and orthopedic methods. Currently, combined treatment approaches aimed at synergistic effects are being actively developed to maximize therapeutic

Results.

The purpose of this study. To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of treatment with a repositioning mouthguard and the use of the hydraulic articular disk repositioning method in patients with internal TMJ disorders combined with dental row end defects.

Materials and methods. The study included 6 patients with TMJ dysfunction and end defects of the dentition. The study was conducted between September 2023 and May 2024. As part of the study, each patient underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the bony structures of the TMJ and ultrasound (US) to evaluate the soft tissue structures of this joint.

Results. The CBCT data showed that the mean posterior temporomandibular joint displacement before treatment was 1.67, while this value increased to 3.02 after treatment. The US results showed a significant decrease in the mean value of mandibular head displacement after treatment ranging from 0.21 to 0.03, indicating a positive effect of treatment. In addition, there was a decrease in the difference in the size of the anterior and posterior parts of the articular disc, confirming the elimination of its displacement.

Conclusion. The treatment combination of using a repositioning mouth guard with the hydraulic repositioning method brought about a synergistic effect on the restoration of TMJ function. 

Purpose: to identify difficulties of endodontic treatment of teeth with curved root canals according to a survey of dentists.

Materials and methods: 90 dentists (26 men, 64 women) participated in the survey. 68 people had a therapeutic certificate, 19 people had an orthopedic certificate, 10 people had a surgical certificate, 6 people had a certificate in pediatric dentistry, and 43 people had a certificate in general dentistry (some respondents indicated that they had several certificates). The average age of respondents is 32 years (23–60). The interviewed dentists conduct practical work in public medical institutions, private dental clinics, and rented offices. The questionnaire included 20 questions (6 questions were aimed at collecting demographic data, 14 questions were aimed at obtaining information about the treatment of teeth with curved root canals). The questionnaire was submitted electronically to Google Forms. Statistical analysis of conjugacy tables using the Pearson chi-square test was performed using the program StatTech (Russia).

Results: this survey reliably showed that dentists often experience difficulties in treating teeth with curved root canals. Dentists working in state institutions are significantly more likely to note that the rubberdam latex interferes (p= 0.049) and the clamp bow (p= 0.029) compared to doctors working in other institutions. Dentists working in a rented office are significantly more likely to report that a rubberdam latex interferes (p= 0.024) compared to doctors working in other institutions. Dentists who report difficult access when working with the mesial buccal canal of the lower molars are significantly more likely to note that a rubberdam latex interferes (p= 0.036). Dentists who use the approach «first negotiation to the working length – then coronal flaring» significantly more often experience difficulties when working with the mesial buccal first canal of the upper molars

. Conclusions: the results of the survey demonstrated a number of differences in the performance of endodontic treatment of teeth with curved root canals. Based on the survey, statistically significant relationships were identified between some work features and difficulties encountered by doctors at the stages of treatment.

Purpose of the study: to conduct a comparative assessment of electrognathography indices in elderly patients with a decrease in the height of the lower part of the face with symptoms characteristic of intolerance to the structural materials of dentures, before and during the diagnostic and treatment stages of using occlusal-stabilizing devices.

Material and methods. We examined 76 patients aged 61 to 74 years with a decrease in the height of the lower part of the face and the presence of symptoms characteristic of intolerance to the structural materials of dentures. Based on the results of a short “Hamburg” examination, 30 patients were selected with the possibility of dysfunctional disorders of the temporomandibular joint, for whom occlusal-stabilizing devices were made.

Results. A study of elderly patients with a decrease in the height of the lower part of the face and symptoms characteristic of intolerance to the structural materials of dentures revealed the effectiveness of the use of occlusal-stabilizing devices at the treatment and diagnostic stages due to a decrease in complaints of dry mouth more than in twice, a decrease in the intensity of burning of the mucous membrane, a decrease in the number of complaints accompanying dysfunctional disorders of the temporomandibular joint, as well as an improvement in electrognathography indicators to physiological norms.

Conclusion. The obtained results of treatment with occlusal-stabilizing devices for patients with a decrease in the height of the lower part of the face, presenting complaints characteristic of intolerance to the structural materials of dentures, at the treatment and diagnostic stages indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of their use in this category of people.

Relevance. Due to the high prevalence of myofascial pain syndrome of the masticatory muscles, the issue of treatment of this pathology remains relevant. Due to the heterogeneity of the severity of clinical manifestations, these additional examination methods, the development of a treatment plan by a dentist causes certain difficulties.

Materials and methods. Based on the data of a clinical and functional examination of 102 people aged 18 to 35 years, a gradation of the severity of MBS of the masticatory muscles was developed. In a clinical study, the presence and severity of pain during palpation, the degree of mouth opening, and an assessment of functional activity on the MAS scale were determined. Ultrasound examination was used to study the indicators of the area and thickness of the cross-section of the chewing muscles, visualization and size of trigger points. According to the electromyographic study, a comparative analysis of the average amplitude of the masticatory muscle, the total biopotential, and an assessment of the symmetry of the masticatory muscles was carried out.

Results. The data obtained made it possible to develop a gradation of the severity of MBS by 3 degrees, depending on the indicators (mild, moderate, high).

Conclusion. The development of this graduation will allow for an individual patient-oriented approach to the treatment of this category of people, which will contribute to improving the quality of medical care at a dental appointment

Objective. Improving the effectiveness of treatment of patients with TMJ PDS myogenic origin.

Material and methods. According to the purpose of the study, a group of 10 patients (8 women and 2 men aged 14 to 60 years) was formed with the coincidence of a triad of signs: pain during movements of the lower jaw, a feeling of heaviness and tension in the chewing and facial muscles, restriction of mouth opening. A set of diagnostic measures has been implemented in the following scope: clinical and radiological examination methods, TMJ MRI, ultrasound and surface EMG of the chewing muscles, digital axiography. In the treatment of patients in the study group, the method of invasive carboxytherapy was used, based on dosed injections of CO₂ in the projection of trigger points of the masticatory muscles. The research examines the therapeutic value of using of CO₂ in the protocol of functional rehabilitation of patients with TMJ diseases of myogenic origin.

Results. The analysis of the effectiveness of treatment of patients in the study group was carried out to assess the dynamics of key parameters: the severity of the pain syndrome according to VAS, the magnitude of the IMPACT index values and the magnitude of mouth opening. The severity of pain in patients in the study group, according to average values, decreased by 86% from the initial values, an increase in the amplitude of mouth opening by 28.5%, a decrease in the IMPACT index values by 42.5% from the initial values of hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles, an increase in blood flow speed of superficial temporal artery at 52.5%.

Conclusion. The results of the clinical application of the carboxytherapy method in the treatment of patients with TMJ PDS allow us to recommend this method for implementation in the rehabilitation protocols of patients with TMJ PDS of myogenic origin, trismus and hypertonus of the masticatory muscles. Carboxytherapy as a method of etiopathogenetic rehabilitation contributes to the early relief of pain syndrome, normalization of the bioelectric activity of the chewing muscles and restoration the physiological kinematics of the lower jaw’s movements.

Periodontal diseases affect about 90% of the adult population, but the treatment regimens for this pathology are different, with varying degrees of effectiveness. One of the causes of inflammatory phenomena is the microbial factor. In some cases, there is a need for antimicrobial prescriptions, which, against the background of growing antibiotic resistance, becomes a problem. This article describes the possibilities of using such a method of influencing periodontal pathogens as photodynamic therapy. The main conclusions of studies on the effectiveness of PDT in inflammatory periodontal diseases are presented.

Aim: to justify the necessity of machine learning technology in treatment and diagnostics in dentistry.

Material and methods: the research was taken using the method of anonymous questionnaire to estimate the demand and necessity of machine learning technology in diagnostics and treatment in dentistry on the basis of the E.V Borovsky Institute of Dentistry I.M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University). 100 participants from different dental specialities aged 20 to 54 took part in the questionnaire. Wilson score interval and Student’s T Critical Values were used for the statistical analysis of the

Results.

Results: during the study, it was found that the majority of dentists who participated in the questionnaire (54%) have challenges in diagnosing oral mucosal diseases. Herewith dentists with work experience more than 5 years diagnose this kind of disease more frequently than specialists with less work experience (p<0.05). Surgical dentists (46,6%) and prosthetic specialists (50%) diagnose this pathology most often. Clinicians attribute diagnostic challenges to the lack of experience (85%) and low occurrence of patients with this group of diseases. During treatment and diagnostics 84% of residents mentioned that they compare their patients’ clinical cases with clinical cases from the Internet and other resources, 78% of residents believe that machine learning will help to increase the efficiency of diagnosing oral mucosal diseases in clinical work. During the held research, it was found that 85% of participating dentists would definitely use digital programs with machine learning in their clinical work for treatment and diagnostics.

Conclusions: the presence of problems in treatment and diagnostics of oral mucosal diseases was confirmed, and to solve it, the demand and the need to develop and implement digital systems based on artificial intelligence using machine learning technology were substantiated.