The article presents the results of a cross-sectional study conducted at the St. Petersburg City Hospital No. 26 to identify the most common complaints and diseases of the digestive system in overweight and obese patients at gastroenterological appointments. The work analyzed the outpatient admission cards of 298 patients who visited a gastroenterologist. Body mass index (BMI) more than 25 kg/m2 was determined in 151 (50.67 %) patients. The most common complaints in overweight and obese patients were regurgitation, heartburn, bloating and rumbling in the stomach, diarrhea, morning cough and hoarseness, abdominal pain, feeling of heaviness and fullness after eating, constipation. Gastroesophageal disease was diagnosed in 103 (68.2 %) patients, functional bowel disease with a predominance of diarrhea in 54 (35.76 %) patients, biliary sludge in 54 (35.76 %) patients, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 50 (33.11 %), cholelithiasis in 49 (32.45 %), chronic gastritis in 43 (28.47 %), functional constipation in 32 (21.19 %), organic diseases of the colon in 24 (15.89 %), peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in 11 (7.28 %) patients.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a significant etiological factor in the development of diseases of the gastroduodenal zone (GDZ), the eradication of HP leads to a faster elimination of clinical symptoms of the disease, reduces the risk of stomach cancer and various complications. The aim of the study is to clarify the prevalence of HP in patients with GDZ pathology, the possibility of diagnostic methods for the detection of НР and the ongoing eradication therapy of this infectious agent. 205 patients were examined, in whom the presence of HP was studied by a combination of several methods and the appointment of eradication therapy when this infectious agent was detected, with clarification of its effectiveness. The results of the study showed a high prevalence of НР in the examined patients, which was about 80 %. HP diagnostics should be carried out using a combination of several methods, which allows obtaining more reliable results. About 20 % of patients have received eradication antihelicobacter therapy in the past. The low efficiency of which was due to non-compliance with the recommendations of treatment. The use of eradication antihelicobacter therapy prescribed by clinical recommendations gives a high percentage of cure. The frequency of side effects is quite low.

Objective. To study the nutritional status of a patient with a complicated course of cholelithiasis and pancreatitis.

Materials and methods. A clinical case of a complicated course of cholelithiasis. Methods: clinical, laboratory and instrumental (biochemical blood analysis, ultrasound examination of abdominal organs, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography of abdominal organs).

Results. Based on the data of the clinic, laboratory and instrumental studies, surgical complications of the course of cholelithiasis in the patient were identified (choledocholithiasis, acute destructive pancreatitis with the development of an abscess of the subhepatic space on its background, destructive cholecystitis).

Conclusions. Lifestyle modification and timely cholecystectomy would help to avoid the development and complicated course of cholelithiasis.

Objective. To evaluate the modern possibilities of quantitative assessment of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using magnetic resonance imaging of the liver (MRI) in alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

Material and methods. 121 patients with ALD were examined. The structure of clinical forms: 27 (22.3 %) – steatosis, 29 (23.9 %) – steatohepatitis, 48 (39.7 %) – hepatitis, 17 (14.1 %) – cirrhosis. The patients were hospitalized in the gastroenterology department of the Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Smolensk (September 2019 – March 2020), followed by outpatient observation (April 2020 – January 2022). All patients underwent a comprehensive radiological examination, including ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the abdominal organs with clinical elastography (CE) of the liver (n = 121) (transient elastography/compression elastography/shear wave elastography), MRI with DWI of the liver was mandatory in the design of the study (n = 121). Results. According to the CE data, there is no possibility to confirm the clinical form of ALD in a patient, the stage of the fibrous process in the liver parenchyma is limited by marginal results; a liver biopsy allows you to fully establish the stage of fibrosis and suspect the clinical form of ALD. According to the quantitative assessment of DWI of the liver during MRI in patients with ALD, criteria for clinical forms were established in comparison with CE: for steatosis – 2.66 ± 0.90 × 10–3 mm2/sec corresponds to F0–F1, for steatohepatitis – 2.14 ± 0,50 × 10–3 mm2/sec – F1–F2, for hepatitis – 1.75 ± 0.60 × 10–3 mm2/sec – F2–F3, for cirrhosis – 1.15 ± 0.60 × 10–3 mm2/sec – F4 (AUROC = 0.985; 95 % CI: 0.945–0.912).

Conclusion. Upon admission and monitoring of patients (after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months), there is a high correlation in assessing the comparison of quantitative indicators of DWI with CE (r = 0.873) and an average correlation with liver biopsy data (r = 0.715). The diagnostic and prognostic significance of the developed criteria for DWI of the liver during MRI in patients with ALD at admission was assessed for quantitative assessment of AUROC = 0.908 (95 % CI: 0.875–0.911).

Diabetes mellitus leads to the development of thrombosis. A clinical case of a patient with ischemic stroke in the cerebellar zone on the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus is described. The early harbinger of stroke development, the applied stroke therapy, the nutritional status of the patient are described. It is shown that nutritional correction plays an essential role in the rehabilitation of a patient with a stroke of the brainstem and cerebellar zone. Activation of such patients is advisable already in the early post-stroke period.

Diseases of the upper digestive tract are an extremely common pathology and have not only medical, but also social significance, because they often occur in young people of working age. The article presents an overview of current literature data on the capabilities of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic gastritis, including those with signs of atrophy, Helicobacter pylori infection and functional dyspepsia. Collected data from various studies demonstrating the effectiveness of different neural networks in the diagnosis of these diseases.

The work was done on experimental material. A model of postoperative hypothyroidism was obtained by thyroidectomy on 57 male rats. The operation was performed under general anesthesia. In the postoperative period, the behavior of rats was observed. Laboratory animals are withdrawn from the experiment after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 45 days. With hypothyroidism, edema, hemodynamic disturbances, dystrophic and destructive changes are observed in the pancreas. Protein hydropic and balloon dystrophy of exocrinocytes, necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma with the formation of cavities is noted. Edema of the islets of Langengars. In the stroma of the pancreas, focal lymphocytic infiltrates are determined. Intralobular and interlobular ducts are dilated. The epithelium of the ducts is desquamated into the lumen. In the ducts, stagnation of the secret is noted. The main substance of the connective tissue breaks down with the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. The first signs of hypothyroidism were detected on the 14th day. A detailed picture of hypothyroidism was detected on the 28th day. By the end of the experiment on the 45th day in the parenchyma of the gland.

This review articles shows evidence that while PPI treatment may be associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, recent findings have shown no effect of current PPI treatment on COVID-19 outcome, suggesting that previous inconsistent results were likely due to differences in study design and population. Attempts to transfer patients with COVID-19 infection to H2 histamine blockers are not entirely justified, since despite some positive aspects in the effect on the virus, standard therapeutic doses of drugs for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and other acid-associated diseases are insufficient to achieve a clinical effect at this category of patients.