The use of dental implants for the treatment of partial and complete adentia is increasing every year. Following this, despite the improvement in the quality of dental services, the percentage of complications also increases. One of the most common complications in implant treatment is peri-implantitis. The microorganisms causing this process are in the biofilm on the surface of the implant, which complicates the treatment and reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobials. One of the principles of modern medicine is prevention, which opens up new prospects for the use of probiotics.

The success of endodontic treatment depends on many factors. One of the most important is the proper root canal obturation. In the treatment of apical periodontitis, temporary sealers are used to improve healing process of the infected periodontium, which contain calcium hydroxide on different bases: hydrophilic and hydrophobic. If there are remnants of temporary sealants, the doctor cannot guarantee the good root canal obturation. Complete removal of temporary sealers from the root canal system and dentine tubules is ensured by the use of special irrigants. The aim. Evaluate the application of adhesion of epoxy resin sealant after temporary root canal filling.
Materials and methods. Samples of 60 intact molars were randomly distributed into six groups. In the samples of the 1st group, a sealant based on epoxy resins was used; In the 2nd group, before applying the sealer, dentin samples were additionally treated with liquid for drying and degreasing the hard tissues of the tooth. In the samples of teeth in the 3rd and 4th group, a paste with calcium hydroxide on a hydrophilic basis with calcium hydroxide was applied to the dentin section. Then epoxy sealer was used for permanent obturation. In the samples of teeth in the 4th group, dentin was applied liquid for drying and degreasing the hard tissues of the tooth before the use of epoxy sealer. In the samples of teeth in the 5th and 6th groups, a hydrophobic paste containing calcium hydroxide and silicone-based iodoforms was applied to the dentin section before the application of epoxy sealer. In the samples in the 6th group, dentin was pretreated with liquid for drying and degreasing the hard tissues of the tooth. In the samples of all groups, the adhesive shear strength was determined on the test machine «SYNTHEZ 5» (France). After the tests, the samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The results of the study showed adhesive shear strength in the 1st group of (9,1±1,2) MPa, in the 2nd group – (11,4±1,1) MPa, in the 3rd group – (8,0±1,1) MPa, in the 4th group – (10,5±1,1) MPa, in the 5th and 6th groups – (7,6±1,3) MPa and (10,3±1,1) MPa, respectively. Samples treated with a liquid for drying and degreasing the hard tissues of the tooth under SEM showed the penetration of epoxy sealer into the dentin tubules.
Conclusion. The adhesive strength of the epoxy resin-based sealant after the application of pastes for temporary filling of root canals ranges from (9,1±1,2) МРа до (11,4±1,1) MРa. Residual fragments of pastes on hydrophilic and hydrophobic bases reduce the strength of adhesion of the root sealаnt to dentin.
The use of liquid for drying and degreasing the hard tissues of the tooth allows to remove the remnants of the paste from the root canal as much as possible and increases the strength of adhesion of the root sealant to the dentin.

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the stability during healing and before loading of implants placed at different levels depending on the texture of their neck.
Materials and methods. The study included patients with the same type of bone (type II), who were implanted with screw implants with a conical connection: – parallel walls (polished collar – 0.3 mm), installed at the level of the alveolar ridge without immersion (group A); – root-shaped with micro-thread in the collar area, set below the level of the alveolar ridge by 1 mm (group B); – root-shaped (polished collar – 0.75 mm), installed above the level of the alveolar ridge by 1 mm (group B).
All implants were used with shapers. The values of the implant stability coefficient (ISQ) were determined using resonance frequency analysis immediately after implant placement during surgery and 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after it. Other evaluated stability factors are the diameter and length of the implant, the place of their installation (upper or lower jaw).
Results. A total of 60 implants were evaluated (20 in each group). Mean ISQ values at baseline on the day of surgery and 1 week after insertion were significantly higher in group B (p=0.006, p=0.022 and p=0.031, respectively, for groups B, C, A). There were no differences at subsequent observation points. The ISQ value was higher for wide (diameter – 4.3 mm) implants than with a smaller diameter value (3.5 mm) and for mandibular implants than for maxillary implants at all points of observation. Neglecting the diameter data, the length of the implant did not affect the ISQ values.
Conclusion. Inserting the implant deeper into the bone may only matter for primary stability. Moreover, the diameter of the implant and its location affect the primary and secondary stability before loading, while the length of the implant does not play an important role if the diameter is not taken into account.

Since the fourth quarter of 2019, the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has become an integral part of everyday life not only for Russians, but for people all over the world. Despite the extremely in-depth study of the new coronavirus infection, the periodic change in recommendations for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients, many issues of pathogenesis, the clinical picture and the principles of complex treatment and recovery require improvement on a scientific basis. That is why interest in the treatment and rehabilitation of people who have had a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is not waning at present.

Periodontal diseases and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are comorbid conditions that aggravate each other. There are a number of practical recommendations aimed at preserving the positive results achieved by a dentist as a result of oral sanitation, periodontal and prosthetic treatment. However, they do not fully take into account the features of examination, treatment and rehabilitation of patients suffering from periodontal diseases for a long time, but denying the presence of somatic diseases.
The purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of a complex of post-prosthetic rehabilitation measures using PRP therapy in patients with periodontal diseases and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.
Material and methods. In the period from 2016 to 2021, 441 patients aged 35-55 years who applied to a dental clinic were examined. All patients suffered from chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP), but denied the presence of somatic pathology. As a result of an additional examination in somatic medical organizations (CFOs), 205 patients suffering from CGP were found to have cardiometabolic disorders (impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension). Prosthetic treatment was performed in 195 patients who were stratified into two groups. Group 1 (120 people) included patients who underwent correction of identified metabolic disorders, group 2 (75 people) – persons who refused further observation by a clinician. By randomization, subgroups were formed in each group: patients of subgroups 1a and 2a received standard post-prosthetic rehabilitation (professional oral hygiene, periodontal treatment), patients of subgroups 1b and 2b additionally underwent local immunocorrection with platelet-enriched autoplasm – PRP (Platelet-rich plasma) therapy. The article presents the results of post-prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with CGP according to clinical (PMA, PI, BOP, OHI-S indices) and immunological (IL-10, IL-8, IL-1ß, TNF-α, sIg A, LDH in oral fluid) indicators obtained after oral sanitation, rehabilitation course, after 3 and 6 months of follow-up.
Conclusions. The team approach of dentists and clinicians and the use of periodontal PRP therapy can improve the effectiveness of post-prosthetic rehabilitation measures in periodontal patients with identified comorbid somatic pathology.

The study is devoted to the study of the effect of water ozonated with the help of short-wave ultraviolet radiation, used in the removal of dental plaque and hydromassage of the gums, on the microbiota of periodontal pockets.
Examination and treatment of 102 patients aged 35–55 years with a diagnosis of chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity was carried out. The results of microbiological studies indicate the high efficiency of the removal of dental plaque using water ozonated with short-wave ultraviolet radiation and hydromassage of the gums in the complex treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity. The study of the microbiota of periodontal pockets after the use of ozonized water showed a significant decrease in the frequency of detection of representatives of anaerobic periodontopathogens, with an increase in the sowing of species of stabilizing microbiota.

An important step in the development of modern orthodontics in the treatment of patients with dental anomalies and deformities is the achievement of a balanced balance between morphology, function and aesthetics, that is, an individual harmonious state in the maxillofacial region. Determining the optimal form of the dental arch, which will correspond to the individual parameters of the patient, will normalize occlusal relationships, improve morphological, functional and aesthetic results, reducing the likelihood of recurrence of occlusal pathology. The purpose of this work was to analyze the modern literature on the issue of the currently existing classical and modern methods of mathematical and graphical modeling of dental arches in various physiological and pathological conditions of the maxillofacial region. From a critical point of view, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the presented methods are considered. To date, significant theoretical and clinical material has been accumulated, aiming for further research using computer technology, taking into account the individual parameters of the gnathic part of the face. The opinions of experts are inclined to believe that before modeling the shape of the predicted dental arch, it is necessary to determine the dental and arcade type of the dental arch and its correspondence to the diagonal and gnathic type of the face of the same name.

The TMJ is a complex joint in which movements are carried out in three planes. The pairing of the joint and complex combined movements are factors that complicate the clinical and instrumental analysis of patients. Each of the axiographic tests carries a certain range of information and it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics of various movements in order to fully understand the possibilities of using the axiography method in the daily work of clinicians.

Based on the results of a biometric study of plaster models of the jaws obtained in 38 children in the period of early mixed dentition (8–9 years old) with a neutral location of the first permanent molars and optimal incisal overlap corresponding to the optimal functional occlusion of this age category, the limits of variability of the dental arcade index were calculated arcs with macro-, micro- and normodental type of the dental system. The total value of the width of the crowns of 12 teeth in children in the period of early mixed dentition from 92 mm to 97 mm in the upper jaw and from 85 mm to 90 mm in the lower jaw is an indicator of the normodontic type of the dental system, while the length of the dental arch is less than 92 mm in the upper jaw and 85 mm on the lower jaw indicates that such arches belong to microdont ones, and more than 97 mm on the upper jaw and 90 mm on the lower jaw – to macrodont ones. In the early period of mixed dentition, the value of the arcade index, as the ratio of the width of the dental arch to its length, in the range from 0.57 c.u. up to 0.64 c.u. is an indicator of the mesoarcade type of dental arches, and an increase (more than 0.64 a.u.) or a decrease (less than 0.57 a.u.) of this value indicates that the dental arches belong to the brachiarcade or dolichoarcade types, respectively. When constructing a dental diagnostic triangle in children with anomalies in the shape of the dental arches in the early removable dentition, it is advisable to take into account that the value of the incisor-molar diagonals is established not by determining linear parameters, but by calculating the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the value of the diagonal correction factor (upper jaw – 1 .05; lower jaw – 1.07).

The main criterion for effective treatment in dental practice is the adhesive strength of materials. In our days high-quality fixation of materials achieved by the evolution of adhesive systems. Despite the fact that adhesive systems are developing rapidly each generation has a number of advantages and disadvantages that need to be worked on. The issue of optimizing adhesive systems is not completely understood and requires further study and improvement.
Aim. The assessment of composite material adhesion strength with tooth hard tissues depending on the adhesive protocol used.
Materials and methods. In preparation for the experimental study the teeth were randomly divided into 2 equal groups according to the number of adhesive protocols used. Group 1 samples were processed according to protocol 1 using a moisturizing agent. The samples of group 2 were processed according to protocol 2 using an antiseptic liquid. A sample of the adhesive compound «composite material – tooth» was placed in distilled water and kept in a thermostat at a temperature of (37,0±1,0) Celsius for 24 hours. Tests of the adhesive shear strength of prepared samples were carried out on the testing machine «SYNTHEZ 5».
Conclusion. Preparation of the tooth hard tissues surface before restoration using various adhesive protocols is essential and affects the quality as well as the long-term of restoration. The introduction of a moisturizing or antiseptic liquid into the adhesive protocol increases the strength of adhesion.

This review/prognostic article briefly shows the pandemic features of COVID-19, morphological changes in blood vessels in COVID-19, mainly related to endotheliitis and thrombosis of small vessel branches. Cases of COVID-19 complications occurring in the practice of maxillofacial surgeons are given. Regarding possible complications during invasive interventions on the head and neck, we believe it is possible to consider COVID-19 in the anamnesis of patients in the departments of maxillofacial surgery as a new risk factor, and in case of severe course and prognosis of possible complications, as a contraindication for manipulations in the head and neck area.

The article presents the results of a study of an adhesive balm with magnetic polymers, hexethidine, cytylpyridinium chloride and hyaluronic acid in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Revealed and scientifically proven its effectiveness in acute and subacute periods of the course of gingivitis and periodontitis. The study involved 40 patients aged 20 to 60 years, in whom the anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effect of the adhesive balm on the inflamed periodontal soft tissues was studied. During the monitoring of index indicators, it was revealed that the PMA index decreased from 50,72 to 16,31 by the end of the study. After 14 days, the hemostatic efficiency was 56,25%. Local allergic reactions and irritation were not observed during the study. It has been proven that an adhesive paste with magnetic polymers, hexethydine, cytylpyridinium chloride and hyaluronic acid has a bactericidal effect on the microflora of the oral cavity.