Peptic ulcer is a chronic recurrent disease, accompanied by alternating periods of exacerbation and remission, its main feature is the formation of an ulcer in the wall of the stomach and (or) duodenum, penetrating – in this difference from superficial damage to the mucous membrane (erosions) – into the submucosal layer. The etiology is the appearance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) falling into favorable conditions with weakened microfl and the presence of aggressive factors from the environment. In the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease, thinning of the gastrointestinal mucosa and violation of compensation mechanisms at the local level are of paramount importance. An important role in the diagnosis is given to a carefully collected anamnesis and complaints of the patient, supplemented by physical examinations, laboratory and instrumental examination methods. The treatment of patients is based on modern methods of treatment, where the latest drugs with proven effi  and well-proven in clinical practice are used, consistent with the international recommendations of the Maastricht V / Florence Consensus, where anti-helicobacter therapy is mandatory for patients with peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. Currently, treatment is still based on a combination of antimicrobial agents (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole), and antisecretory agents (proton pump inhibitors). Standard triple therapy, which includes PPIs and two antibiotics (clarithromycin and amoxicillin/metronidazole) are widely used as a main-line regimen for the treatment of infection. In addition, the concomitant use of alternative medicine is important for the emergence of adaptive or synergistic effects against H. pylori infection.

The aim of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the use of hymecromone in the treatment of patients with diseases of the biliary tract.

Materials and methods 40 patients with various pathologies of the biliary tract were under observation: 20 patients (group 1) with functional disorders of the biliary tract (the diagnosis of functional disorders of the gallbladder was established on the basis of Roman criteria IV) and 20 patients (group 2) with post-cholecystectomy syndrome (the diagnosis was established on the basis of anamnesis data on cholecystectomy surgery and the results of ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs [absence of a gallbladder]). Before the start of therapy with hymecromonum, after the end of treatment and a month after treatment, patients underwent examinations: assessment of complaints (abdominal pain, bitterness in the mouth, constipation, abdominal heaviness, flatulence, appetite), assessment of dyspepsia on the GIS scale and assessment on the visual-analog scales of abdominal pain and general well-being), quantitative assessment of the severity of gastroenterological complaints according to the GSRS questionnaire, assessment of quality of life (SF‑36 questionnaire), ultrasound of the gallbladder with a trial breakfast for the assessment of bile excretion, clinical blood test, biochemical blood test (ALT, AST, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, GGTP, glucose, cholesterol), as well as an assessment of side effects. All patients were prescribed a diet necessary in the complex treatment of diseases of the biliary tract and monotherapy: hymecromone 400 mg three times a day 30 minutes before meals for 3 weeks. Statistical processing was carried out using the computer software package SPSS Statistics 17.0.

Results. After the treatment with hymecromone there was a significant decrease or complete relief of abdominal pain and dyspepsia, while 47.5 % of the subjects noted the disappearance of abdominal pain, and the remaining patients indicated a significant decrease in pain syndrome with only minor discomfort. The assessment on the visual-analog scales of abdominal pain and general well-being showed a significant reduction in pain (from 65 to 13 points) and an improvement in general well-being (from 65 to 6 points). When assessing dyspepsia on the GIS scale and gastroenterological complaints according to the GSRS questionnaire, there was a significant decrease in the severity of symptoms. The assessment of the quality of life (questionnaire SF-36) showed a significant improvement in the quality of life on all scales. According to the ultrasound of the abdominal organs with a trial breakfast, there was a restoration of the contractile ability of the gallbladder (p < 0.05). When analyzing possible side effects, it was noted that no side effects were observed either clinically or according to the results of blood tests.

Conclusions. As a result of treatment, it was found that the administration of hymecromone is highly effective and safe both for patients with functional disorder of the gallbladder and for patients with post-cholecystectomy syndrome. While maintaining a high efficiency, hymecromonum is characterized by a safe choleretic effect, which is especially important when

Currently, chronic dermatoses have become widespread in the population, while it is often not possible to achieve the desired effect of the therapy. The analysis of modern literature data indicates a high prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases among patients with a dermatological profi   On the one hand, a skin lesion can be a valuable differential diagnostic criterion for early diagnosis of digestive tract pathology. On the other hand, the common origin at the early stages of ontogenesis determines the development of a number of diseases with simultaneous damage to both the digestive organs and the skin. The presented review evaluates the relationship of skin pathology with the state of the digestive tract, and also considers the feasibility of including additional measures aimed at the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the management of patients with chronic dermatoses.

The prevalence of gluten-associated diseases has been steadily increasing in recent decades. Today, the gluten-free diet (GFD) is the main treatment for these diseases. But compliance with it is associated with the risks of a deficiency of essential nutrients, vitamins and a violation of the intestinal microbiota, therefore, patients with gluten-associated diseases are under the constant supervision of a gastroenterologist and nutritionist for prompt correction of the diet in case of complications. However, the popularity of GFD is rapidly gaining momentum among individuals who do not have an objective medical indication for restricting gluten. This is primarily due to the fashion trend for observing various diets, wide coverage of this topic on the Internet, the media and popular science literature. But, unfortunately, not all of the information provided has an evidence base, and many do not seek help from specialists for advice about GFD. Thus, a large number of people are not aware of the indications and effects of this diet on the body. The purpose of the publication is to systematize the available data on the risks associated with adherence to GFD.

The results of a study of the effect of probiotic containing Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716, isolated from breast milk and used for the prevention of postpartum mastitis, on the health of infants in the first half of life, in particular, the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections, are presented. It was found that infants of the main group (234 patients), whose mothers received a probiotic for a month, based on lactobacilli Lc40, 3.2 times less likely to have acute respiratory infections and 8.0 times less often from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of various origins, compared with children (39 infants) fed unfortified milk (р < 0.05).

Aim. Based on the histological conclusion, to evaluate the frequency of detection of helicobacteriosis and herpesvirus infection in patients with morphological changes in the gastric mucosa.

Materials and methods. Retrospectively, according to the logs of registration of endoscopic studies and registration of directions for histological studies for 2017–2021 of the endoscopic office of the polyclinic No. 2 in Smolensk city of Russia, the results of histological studies of biopsies of the gastric mucosa in 651 patients tested for H. pylori infection and herpesvirus infection were evaluated.

Results. It is preferable to consider in the formation of inflammation the influence not of individual H. pylori bacteria, but the value of the entire mucosal microflora of the stomach and duodenum. The role of herpes viruses in the development of inflammatory and destructive pathology of the stomach and duodenum is noted. In patients infected with H. pylori and HVI in the SOH, there are structural changes in which destructive processes may have a deeper character, which will affect the timing of achieving remission.

Conclusions. 1). In the description of the histological picture of the gastric mucosa, H. pylori was determined in 85.41 % of cases: with polyposis –97.05 %, oncopathology – 100 %, peptic ulcer – 94.50 %, chronic gastritis – 89.28 % of cases. 2). Herpes types 1, 2, 6, 8, EBV, cytomegalovirus from 220 biopsies were detected in 83.18 % of cases. EBV was most often present in the gastric mucosa from herpesvirus infection – 74.20 % of cases (with peptic ulcer in 78.00 %, with chronic gastritis in 84.71 %). 3). Simultaneously, herpesvirus infection and H. pylori were detected in 120 patients: with peptic ulcer – 68.00 %, with chronic gastritis – 75.29 % of cases.

The aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the drug Rebamipide-SZ when used in combination with proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of erosive changes in the gastric mucosa.

Materials and methods. 40 patients were monitored who had erosive lesions of the stomach: 20 patients (group 1) with erosive gastritis not associated with Helicobacter pylori, 20 patients (group 2) with erosive changes in the gastric mucosa while taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Before the start of therapy and after the end of treatment, patients underwent a comprehensive examination: assessment of complaints according to the survey data, assessment of the severity of dyspepsia on the GIS scale, assessment of gastroenterological complaints on the GSRS scale, assessment of the effectiveness of treatment on the visual-analog scales of abdominal pain and general well-being, assessment of quality of life (questionnaire SF-36), upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy with biopsy (one biopsy from the stomach body, one biopsy from the antrum of the stomach) for verification of Helicobacter pylori infection (rapid urease test) and histological examination, assessment of side effects. All patients were prescribed therapy: Rebamipide-SZ one tablet three times a day after meals for a month and a proton pump inhibitor (rabeprazole) 20 mg two times a day for 15–30 minutes before meals for a month.

Results. There was a complete relief of epigastric pain and a significant decrease or complete relief of dyspeptic complaints. When assessing the dynamics of endoscopic changes after usage of Rebamipide-SZ therapy, there was a regression of hyperemia of the gastric mucosa and complete epithelization of erosions in the stomach in almost all patients. Histological analysis of the gastric mucosa before and after treatment showed a decrease in the severity of acute and chronic inflammatory changes. There were no adverse events, no new complaints, no negative changes in clinical and biochemical blood tests during treatment. No allergic reactions were observed.

Conclusion. The intake of Rebamipide-SZ is highly effective and safe for patients with various etiology erosive lesions of the gastric mucosa, including those caused by taking NSAIDs. Rebamipide-SZ can be recommended for course use in the complex therapy of patients with various pathologies of the upper gastrointestinal tract as a gastroprotective agent that helps restore the permeability of the gastric mucosa.