This article discusses the problem of iron status during pregnancy. It highlights the causes of this disease, modern variants of iron deficiency anaemia diagnosis, influence on the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The article also presents the original research on the use of Ferro-Folgamma in treatment of iron deficiency during pregnancy.

Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is one of the most studied at the present time biologically active compounds. Its role in the processes of female reproduction is recognized as very significant, but specific functions, mechanisms for their implementation and regulation of the formation of the AMH itself remain the subject of research. In clinical practice, the determination of AMH levels is applicable in the context of predicting the response of ovaries to stimulation in assisted reproductive technology programs, as well as for predicting premature ovarian failure in women undergoing therapy potentially toxic to the ovaries. One of the promising areas is the assessment of the level of AMH as a method for predicting and diagnosing the polycystic ovary syndrome. Drug therapy can have a significant effect on the synthesis and secretion of AMH. As an agent directly and indirectly positively affecting the level of AMH, gonadoliberin analogues are isolated.

Myoma of the uterus is traditionally considered a surgical disease. Indeed, until recently the possibility of drug therapy for leiomyomas was extremely limited and included only preoperative preparation and prevention of the growth of small asymptomatic nodes. The breakthrough occurred after the introduction into clinical practice of selective modulators of progesterone receptors and the main representative of this group of drugs - ulipristal acetate. The article presents the results of preclinical trials, randomized controlled trials and the author s own experience in the treatment of uterine fibroids with the use of ulipristal acetate. The data accumulated so far allow us to state that the use of overground acetate is not only a good method of preoperative preparation of patients with uterine myoma, but also a worthy alternative to surgical treatment in patients planning fertility or refusing surgery.

Pathological discharge from the genital tract and other signs of discomfort of the external genitalia are a common cause of a visit to the gynecologist. The cause of these disorders in most cases is vulvovaginal infection, accompanied (vaginitis) or not accompanied (vaginosis) by leukocyte reaction. Methods for treating vulvovaginal infection are predominantly local therapy or systemic agents with highly selective antimicrobial activity. Since a significant part of the vaginitis is of mixed polymicrobial origin, treatment should be complex, which determines the possibility of prescribing topical medicines containing several components of a wide spectrum of action. At the same time, the complexity of diagnosis and the time spent on it allow one to talk about the advisability of empirical therapy of vulvovaginitis, accompanied by severe clinical symptoms.

In this paper we review molecular, cellular, tissue specific and systemic mechanisms of neuroprotective properties of sex steroids (oestrogens, progestogens, androgens). According to the findings obtained from animal and clinical studies, deficit of these sex steroids in the peri- and postmenopause period may lead to reduction of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Continuous deficiency of sex steroids causes irreversible neurodegenerative changes. Administration of oestrogen as a menopausal hormone therapy reduces risks of developing such neurodegenerative conditions as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and vascular dementia. Additionally, progestogens and androgens also possess stress and neuroprotective properties and can strengthen the effects of oestrogens. In the perimenopause period a decrease in physical activity, asthenia, sexual dysfunction, higher vulnerability to psychological stress are observed due to androgens deficiency. Therefore, androgens or progestagenes with androgen characteristics treatment significantly enhances neuroprotective effects of oestrogenes and increases quality of life of women in menopause period.

The article contains a review of the literature devoted to the main etiopathogenetic mechanisms of development of benign dysplasia of mammary glands in women of different age periods. The mechanisms of pathological proliferation of mammary glands are described. The connection of benign dysplasia of mammary glands with a somatic pathology is resulted.

Combined oral contraception is a safe and efficacious method of family planning. However, its clinical effectiveness is limited by problems with treatment adherence. These problems stem mainly from women s limited awareness about contraception mechanisms and possibilities it provides. This review outlines almost 4 decades of research on women s attitudes toward hormonal contraception, as well as interpretations of these data. It also provides evidence for the safety and effectiveness of extended oral contraception regimens, especially the ones utilizing electronic dispenser with alarm function. This method of contraception improves adherence and lets a woman to control her menstrual cycle, thus enhancing her self-regulation repertoire.

Obesity is a common disease and is often accompanied by impairment of menstrual function and fertility. The pathogenesis of menstrual dysfunction in obese patients and the possibility of its correction have not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the combination of sibutramine and metformin on the metabolic parameters and endocrine function of the reproductive system of obese women. As a result of the study, a higher prevalence of reproductive disorders in obese patients with dyslipidemia was established. Comparative analysis of anthropometric, metabolic and reproductive parameters against the background of treatment revealed the advantages of the sibutramine + metformin complex compared with the method of lifestyle correction.

Menstrual disorders are widespread in the population, a significant part of them is associated with stress. However, stress is not identical simply to nervous tension, it is a nonspecific reaction to changes in conditions that require adaptation. Stress factors should be divided into physical, metabolic and psychological factors. Of particular importance are violations of the biological rhythms of the body, as well as psychological features of the relationship of patients with the mother. In general, with expressed stress, the reproductive function is inhibited. This effect is realized in several ways, in particular through transient hyperprolactinemia. Treatment of functional, stress-dependent hyperprolactinemia is carried out by plant dopaminomimetics. The use of Vitex agnus-castus drugs in such patients normalizes the secretion of prolactin and regulates the menstrual cycle.

The article presents data on the incidence and risk of development of dyshormonal hyperplasia of mammary glands in girls in puberty. According to the study, the combined use of oral progestogens in a cyclic mode with transdermal natural progesterone is more effective than monotherapy.