In recent decades, healthcare has faced the challenge of providing quality care with limited funding. Due to the fact that medical laboratories widely use modern technological solutions, assessing the profitability of the laboratory as a whole and the contribution of each type of cost to measurement are relevant. The direct costs of the test are mainly generated by the costs of reagents and personnel. The high level of automation in large laboratory centres allows increasing the technological efficiency of equipment and significantly reducing the contribution of personnel to doing research. Innovative technology solutions shift the role of the laboratory physician from performing measurement to managing laboratory processes, quality assurance, and medical advice.

The development of laboratory diagnostics is carried out not only by technological modernization, but also by the expansion of the volume of non-invasive studies with the active participation of patients in the collection of biomaterials. According to the results of the study with 68 patients the most effective verification of SARS-CoV-2 is carried out with the active participation of the patient in the collection of biomaterials. Increasing the information content of research is being developed by methods of logical analysis, which allow obtaining new knowledge about the subject area.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a new semi-quantitative indicators express-test on procalcitonin and traditional markers of severity of community-acquired pneu monia with bilateral lung involvement in this disease. Materials and methods. In our one-stage comparative study, 123 patients took part. According to the survey, the participants were divided into two subgroups: patients with unilateral community-acquired pneumonia (n = 103) and two-way community-acquired pneumonia (n = 20). The average age of patients in the subgroup with unilateral pneumonia was 49.0 ± 21.0 (M ± SD) years, in the subgroup with bilateral pneumonia 54.0 ± 22.0 years (M ± SD), p = 0.56. Results. Bilateral community-acquired pneumonia in comparison with unilateral pneumonia proceeded with more pronounced increased level procalcitonin rapid test (p = 0.001), while traditional markers (leukocytes, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen) were not associated with the severity of pneumonia and did not differ among themselves in both groups (p = 0.124, p = 0.082, p = 0.814 and p = 0.258 respectively).

Currently, despite the wide variety of methods and tests for screening blood serum for antibodies to HCV, there are no reliable criteria that guarantee a reliable result. To date, the interpretation of the results of anti-HCV detection in samples with low CP values (low optical density in ELISA) remains one of the major tasks of laboratory diagnostics. Continuous improvement of analytical sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests remains one of the priority tasks for manufacturers of modern test systems. The purpose of this article was to assess the specificity and sensitivity of the new Hepatitis ELISA-anti-HCV test system produced by Alkor Bio when compared with test systems from other manufacturers in settings with sera from real patients and in a series of control seroconversion panels. The article is intended for doctors of clinical laboratory diagnostics, epidemiologists, virologists, infectious disease specialists, students of medical and biological universities.

The relevance of the work is associated with the identification of diagnostic capabilities of the automated analysis of biological fluids (blood and cerebrospinal fluid) in sepsis, complicated by bacterial meengitis. The purpose of the work is to analyze the results of dynamic monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid and venous blood samples from the perspective of searching foarkers of an unfavorable prognosis. Materials and methods. The work was carried out on the basis of Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2 (Krasnodar city, Russia). The patient’s medical history was retrospectively analyzed with the main clinical diagnosis of the econdary purulent meningitis against sepsis. Samples of biological fluids were repeatedly tested on a Sysmex XN-1000 analyzer (Sysmex, Japan). A number of traditional and new parameters of the general blood test were evaluated. In particular, the dynamics of the following indicators was analyzed: the content of leukocytes (WBC, 10⁹/l), the number of immature granulocytes (IG, %); the absolute number of reticulocytes (Ret, 10¹²/l); delta hemoglobin level (D-He, pg); relative number of high fluorescent lymphocytes (HFCL, %). As for the cerebrospinal fluid, all parameters of the automated analysis of biological fluids were analyzed: total cytosis index (TCN, 10⁹/l), leukocyte count (WBC-BF, 10⁹/l), number of mononuclear cells with high fluorescence (HF, % and HF, 10⁹/l), the absolute and relative number of leukocyte populations. According to the data obtained, the following can be distinguished as laboratory markers associated with an unfavorable prognosis: lack of positive dynamics regarding the absolute neutrophil content in cerebrospinal fluid; neutrophilic leukocytosis without a significant left shift in the general analysis of blood; an increase in the number of reticulocytes, not accompanied by an increase in reticulocytes of immature fractions.

Purpose of research. To evaluate changes in the filtration capacity of the kidneys and the functional state of the epithelium of the proximal renal tubules in patients with dyslipidemia during simvastatin therapy. Materials and methods. The study involved 86 people. All subjects were divided into three groups: a group of practically healthy individuals (14 men and 16 women), a comparison group (11 men and 16 women), the main group (14 subjects), were persons suffering from type 2 diabetes (DM2) (7 men and 7 women), and 15 subjects without DM2 (5 men and 10 women). Patients in the main group were prescribed simvastatin at a daily dose of 20 mg for 3 months. Treatment of patients in the main group, in addition to the appointment of simvastatin, was carried out according to clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes. Conclusions. 1. Simvastatin in a daily dose of 20 mg is effective when taking it for the purpose of correcting dyslipidemia, while in patients who do not suffer from type 2 diabetes, the improvement of all indicators of the lipid spectrum is statistically significant. 2. Receiving simvastatin for 3 months at a dose of 20 mg per day does not affect performance of the filtration ability of the kidneys in patients with dyslipidemia associated with obesity, but observed a statistically significant increase in the concentration of cystatin C in the urine specimen, which indicates the worsening degeneration of the proximal tubular epithelium in patients with early stage CHF without DM2 and in the background of the current DM2.

The dynamics of morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer in our country, as well as throughout the world, tends to increase. In the structure of cancer incidence in men, colorectal cancer takes the third place. The presented data on monitoring the health status of liquidators confirm the need to organize colorectal cancer screening among this category of individuals. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CRR screening based on the Colon View fecal test among male Chernobyl accident liquidators aged over 50 years. The screening in 2019 involved 122 liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident aged 50 to 83 years (average age 65.7 years). All the liquidators surveyed were residents of Saint Petersburg and Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad region. All liquidators were tested for fecal occult blood using the FIT Colon View method (BIOHIT, Finland). Preliminary results of colorectal cancer screening have already given their results during the first stage. Colon cancer was diagnosed at an early stage in 2 out of 23 patients with a Positive fecal Colon View test. False positive Colon View results not related to bleeding were found in only two patients. The paper presents a colon pathology verified during screening.

In pathogenesis and clinic of arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and their complications, one of the important aspects is the violation of the structure and function of the endothelium. In these diseases, it appears as the primary organ of the target, as the endothelial lining of the vessels participates in the regulation of vascular tone, hemostasis, immune response, migration of blood cells to the vascular wall, the synthesis of inflammatory factors and their inhibitors, and performs barrier functions. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is characterized by a shift in the endothelium towards decreasing vasodilation, proinflammatory state and prothrombotic properties. Currently, ED is considered as a universal mechanism for the formation and progression of any vascular pathology, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. In routine clinical practice, the detection of ED is not carried out, but it must be understood that endothelial dysfunction is one of the first manifestations of vascular pathology, which appears long before the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. The review provides data on the functions and dysfunctions of the vascular endothelium, and also presents the modern concept of ED as the central link in many chronic diseases.

Laboratory information is an important tool for determining indications for preventive measures and evaluating their effectiveness in healthy individuals. In the instructions for some test-systems for IgG to measles virus, the results of the study are interpreted on the basis of analytical characteristics of the reagents and have no connection with the determination of this indicator in the reference group. At the moment, there is no document setting the protective level of anti-measles Ig G. The aim of the study is to establish reference values of IgG to measles virus by immunoenzyme analysis for health care professionals. The reference group was formed of 299 people and divided into two subgroups: older and under 44 years of age. Reference intervals were calculated according to the CLSI C 28-A3 protocol. The set reference intervals were different from the manufacturer’s stated values. The question arises as to whether the values established by the manufacturer, based on the analytical characteristics of a particular test system, should be used when identifying risk groups of persons with a low level of immunity.

The article presents two clinical observations: eosinophilia in a 2-yearold patient and a 10-year-old child associated with food allergy. We analyzed hemogram’s values and discussed hematological alterations. The reasons for reactive eosinophilia are considered.

There was developed a method for quantitation of the drugs which could be effective for COVID-19 treatment. Using tandem liquid mass-spectrometry it is possible to simultaneously quantify with high accuracy and precision up to 9 medicines in human plasma. This method could be used for new drug development as well as for clinical trials and therapeutic drug monitoring in real clinical practice.

The objectives of the study were: to search for quality criteria for vacuum systems for collecting blood of Russian and foreign production at the preanalytic and analytical stages, to compare them and to study the possible impact on the results of certain biochemical and immunochemical analytes. Material and methods. 88 gel vacuum systems for blood collection from different manufacturers were studied: Vacuette (Аustria), ВD Vacutainer SST (USА), GL 795 (China), Zdravmedtech (Russia) for preanalytic characteristics in accordance with the requirements of Russian state standards. The frequency of defects in clinical departments and after centrifugation in the laboratory Department was visually evaluated. At the analytical stage, the comparative characteristics of hemolysis, lipemia and ictericity indices in gel vacuum systems for blood collection were carried out. The effects of the hemolysis index on biochemical analytes – alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDG), direct bilirubin, serum potassium (K⁺), and immunochemical analytes – folic acid and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in reference and pathological intervals was studied. Results. A summary analysis of defects in vacuum system from different manufacturers at the preanalytic stage is presented. In test tubes located in clinical departments, the largest number of defects in labels, appearance, and separation gel was detected in manufacturers from the USA, China, and Russia. The analysis of total defects of vacuum systems in the laboratory department showed the largest number of detected defects in tubes of Chinese (35 %) and Russian (34 %) production, the smallest number – in tubes manufactured in Austria (16 %) and the USA (16 %). The number of hemolized samples from 10 to 50H was: manufacturers from China – 5, from Austria – 4, from the USA – 6, from Russia – 8 samples. The hemolysis index above 10 and <50 was 4.54 % for Austrian manufacturers. Other manufacturers showed values of the hemolysis index above the target – 5.2 % (WG LEPS). The comparative characteristic of lipemia and ictericity indices in gel vacuum systems for blood collection from different manufacturers is carried out. For the ALT, LDG, and K⁺ measurement group, the discrepancies were minimal, and the maximum deviation in ALT values was 2 %. When determining the AST, a positive maximum offset (12.47 %) was observed in Russian-made test tubes. The greatest deviation between different tube manufacturers was observed when determining conjugated bilirubin. So, in test tubes of Chinese production – minus 12.25 %, Russian production – plus 9.15 %. It was found that the hemolysis index of more than 19 conventional units in gel vacuum systems from different manufacturers had an effect on LDG levels. The facts of increasing NSE indicators without increasing the hemolysis index were revealed, which indicates that there is another mechanism for increasing NSE that needs to be studied. Conclusion. Some directions for searching for quality criteria for evaluating vacuum systems from different manufacturers for evaluating certain biochemical (LDG) and immunochemical (NSE) analytes are suggested. It is possible that some biochemical (LDG) and immunochemical (NSE) analytes that are in pathological values can serve as criteria for the quality of vacuum systems if these data are checked more thoroughly.

The review of modern literature on pathogenetic ways of formation of metabolic syndrome in men of different age groups, athletes, University students, as well as persons related to dangerous professions (military personnel, rescuers, liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident) is presented. The role of insulin resistance, leptin resistance, chronic sluggish inflammation, desynchronosis, and obesity is discussed. Literature data on the relationship of the gut microbiota and vitamin D levels with obesity are presented. The analysis of patent research in the field of clinical and laboratory diagnostics of metabolic syndrome. The role of stress in the development of metabolic syndrome in dangerous professions is shown. Analysis of data published in the literature suggests that hyperleptinemia and low androgen levels can be considered as an additional laboratory marker of MS in liquidators of the Chernobyl accident.