A retrospective cohort descriptive study based on archived patient's charts was performed to research the clinical and neurological features of patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries and analyze predictors of hospital mortality rate. We analyzed 311 cases of acute spinal cord injury for 2012–2016. The relationship of gender and age characteristics, and clinical/neurological features of spinal cord injuries is described. The mortality rate dependence on the level and severity of spinal cord injuries was revealed. Risk factors such as concomitant traumatic brain injury and alcohol consumption before injury were identified.

Among a large number of patients with various types of facial pain, the frequency of occurrence of the muscular-tonic and muscular-spastic component is about 70–80 % of cases. As a result, the formation of chronic myofascial facial pain is a common complication of such prosopalgia. The clinical picture of this pathology disguises itself as signs of a primary disease, and often becomes a leading symptom in the pathogenesis of the disease, which complicates the diagnosis and treatment. The review article examines the current diagnostic criteria for myofascial facial pain. It has been shown that recently the clinical and neurophysiological features of various options for chronic facial pain, the functional state of muscle structures in various forms of chronic pain have been intensively studied. The possible ways of the formation of chronic myofascial pathology in the craniomandibular region are analyzed. Modern methods for differential diagnosis of various forms of prosopalgia and pathogenetic mechanisms, determine the course of treatment and prevention are considered.

In order to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures, a comprehensive examination was conducted using standardized scales and thermal imaging in two groups of patients aged 5–8 years old with spastic forms of cerebral palsy. The sample consisted of 10 children with a diagnosis of G80.1 and 10 with a diagnosis of G80.2, the degree of impaired motor function levels 1 and 2 according to GMFCS. Rehabilitation interventions were carried out for one year in stationary (two times a year, courses of 14 days), outpatient (2–3 courses of massage for 10 days, botulinum therapy) and home (daily exercise) conditions. The complex included physical therapy, kinesiotherapy, mechanotherapy, physiotherapy and reflextherapy, massage, classes with a speech therapist and defectologist, if necessary — pharmacotherapy. A discrepancy in a number of cases of thermal imaging and clinical results of treatment is received, the attempt of theoretical explanation of these discrepancies is made. The possibilities of thermal imaging evaluation of treatment effectiveness in children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy, which allows to count on success in the development of working methods of convenient, non-invasive and high-precision method of objectification of motor disorders at the stages of rehabilitation, are demonstrated. Further improvement of the proposed approach is promising in terms of creating a reliable means of validating standardized clinical scales and questionnaires.

Background. Nowadays there are a large number of studies revealing the significance of hypovitaminosis D in chronic pain conditions and diseases, in which musculoskeletal factors are dominant in the formation of pain. In chronic tension type headache (CTTH) pathogenesis the role of muscular factor is well-established. However there is insufficient data regarding the interrelations between hypovitaminosis D, headache and pericraial muscle dysfunction (PMD) in CTTH.

Objective. To investigate the effect of vitamin D level on PMD and cephalgia parameters in CTTH.

Methods. One hundred twenty women with CTTH aged 25 to 55 years were enrolled. Evaluated parameters were the following: pericranial muscle tenderness (PMT), headache frequency (HF), headache duration (HD), headache intensity (HI). Vitamin D level measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] of serum blood samples.

Results. Number of CTTH with DPM cases in the group of vitamin D deficiency (serum level of 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/mL) was equal to one in normal vitamin group (higher than 30 ng/mL), p > 0.05. Greater degree of DPM was identified in vitamin D deficiency than in normal level: total PMT score 5.0 vs 3.0 score (р < 0.001). At the same time significant difference was observed in cephalgia parameters between groups of deficiency and normal vitamin D level: HF 28.0 and 23.0 days per month (р < 0.001), HD 14.5 and 10.0 hours per day respectively. Also daily headache was associated with vitamin D deficiency with a risk ratio 4.4 (95 % CI: 1.4–14,0) as compared to the normal level. Middle-power negative correlation was noted between serum vitamin D levels and total PMT score (Spearman’s r = –0.55; р < 0,001), HF (r = –0.65; р < 0,001) and HD (r = 0.67; р < 0,001).

Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency leads to increased degree of pericraial muscle dysfunction in CTTH women. That may result in rising central sensitization and finally be a reason of more severe headache.

In recent years, the treatment of acute pain syndrome has been considered as an independent direction in anesthesiology and intensive care. New schemes of postoperative analgesia and new drugs developed by pharmacologists are actively being introduced. One of the newer regimens for pain relief is patient-controlled analgesia (CPA) or on-demand analgesia. The development of the concept of fast track surgery, one of the most widely discussed areas for the development of innovative technologies in modern surgery, from the point of view of the anesthesiologist of the resuscitation specialist, minimizes the stress response of the body to surgical aggression at all stages of the perioperative period. Increasingly, the method of preemptive analgesia is used more widely, based on the use of analgesics before the start of the operation, which helps to prevent the occurrence of peripheral and central sensitization.

Statistics keeps indicating that brain vascular diseases remain one of the most important medical and social problems of modern society. Rehabilitation of cerebral stroke, despite the effective diagnosis and quality treatment, is not always effective enough, partly because the system of rehabilitation of patients in our country is not sufficiently developed. Over the past decade, traditional rehabilitation methods have been supplemented by the developments based on the use of digital technology, computerized systems and robotic devices.

The aim of the work is to summarize the achievements in the country in the field of rehabilitation of stroke patients over the last 5 years. Research method — literature review.

Results. To date, virtual reality technologies, combined application of virtual reality technologies (BTS Nirvana) and training on the COBS platform (multifunctional simulator system), non-invasive neurocomputer interfaces have proved their effectiveness. These have been demonstrated the effectiveness in terms of rehabilitation the use of hypercapnic hypoxia and a number of stimulating technologies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and electromyostimulation.

Purpose of the study. To study the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety and asthenia in patients older than 75 years with chronic brain ischemia (CBI) and their relationship with somatic burden.

Materials and methods. 121 patients aged 75 to 95 years with CBI of two and three stage were examined (57 patients with ischemic stroke in anamnesis, 64 without stroke). We used the Beck’s questionnaire to determine the level of depression, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) one for detecting anxiety, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) one for assessing the severity of asthenia. The level of burden of somatic pathology was calculate by the polymorbidity index.

Results. A characteristic feature of patients older than 75 years with CBI is the high prevalence and severity of emotional disturbances (anxiety and depression), as well as asthenic syndrome, high values of the polymorbidity index, which is advisable to take into account when planning CBI therapy.