The article presents excerpts related to the use of functional diagnostic methods from clinical recommendations for the treatment of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sarcoidosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which have been approved by the Russian Respiratory Society and the Russian Ministry of Health today.

Objective: to evaluate the diagnostic significance of the electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 12 leads in patients with essential arterial hypertension (AH) and in AH in combination with ischemic heart disease (IHD) compared with echocardiography (EchoCG) data. Materials and methods: ECG and EchoCG were carried out in 165 patients with AH (n = 139) and AH with concommitant IHD (n=26). Results: EchoCG signs of LVH ("EchoCG +") were detected in 72 (51,7%) patients with AH and in 12 (46,1 %) patients in AH + IHD. In the EchoCG + group the electrocardiographic signs of LVH (Sokolov-Lyon index, Cornell product, Cornell index) were determined in 37 (30,5 %) hypertensive patients and in no case in the AH + IHD group. In the "EchoCG-" group, electrocardiographic signs of LVH were determined in 8 hypertensive patients and two in the AH + CHD group. The use of additional voltage criteria for LVH in the frontal plane leads (RI > 15 mm, R I + S III > 25 mm, R aVL > 12 mm) increased the detection of LVH from 30,5 % (n=22) to 51,3 % (n=37). The false negative ECG diagnosis of LVH was influenced by: positional features, interventricular conduction defect, metabolic disorders and high index body mass. Conclusion: The Sokolov-Lyon index, the Cornell index, the Cornell product have low sensitivity in the diagnosis of LVH (30,5 %). Adding the frontal plane leads voltage criteria for LVH may contribute to increase in electocardiographic LVH detection (51,3 %). The decrease in the sensitivity of the ECG criteria for LVH is mainly caused by the positional features of the heart, interventricular conduction defect, metabolic disorders and high index body mass.

Clinical observations in which the ECG pattern of Brugada Syndrome was caused by ECG filtration are reviewed in the article. The causes of ECG distortion during filtering are considered. The relationship of these distortions with the parameters of anti-drift filters (high-pass filters) are considered also. it is necessary to make sure that the bandwidth of the electrocardiograph is not limited at low frequency (not less than 0.05 Hz, that equivalent time constant at 3.2s or more) in all cases of the Brugada syndrome pattern.

The paper analyzes the results of examinations of 24 patients with viral cirrhosis of classes B and C according to Child-Pugh criteria. The control group consisted of 16 healthy patients. Patients with viral cirrhosis were divided into 2 groups: 1 group consisted of 14 patients with pseudonormokinetic type of portal blood flow; Group 2-10 patients with hyperkinetic type of portal blood flow with predominant acceleration of the linear velocity in the portal vein. The average age of patients was 35.2 ± 7.4 years. Left ventricular myocardium mass and left ventricular myocardium mass index were determined in all the patients; the diameter and the maximum linear velocity in the main portal vein were measured using an Artida pro Toshiba apparatus, Japan. Heart rate variability was studied at rest and in active orfhostasis using the «Neuro-Soth)program, Ivanovo. it was found that in patients with liver cirrhosis the sympathetic effects of the autonomic nervous system predominated, which coincided with the literature data. It was also shown that in patients with the pseudonormokinetic type of portal blood flow these effects were more pronounced. The relationship between HRV indices and the formation of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with pseudo-normokinetic type of portal blood flow was revealed.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of endovascular aortic valve replacement (TAVI) according to transesophageal echocardiography. Materials and methods: 29 TAVI operations were performed in patients with aortic valve stenosis (AV) with Lotus Valve system (Boston Scientific, USA) and CoreValve (Medtronic, USA). All patients underwent intraoperative Chpehokg on devices sh50 (Philips, the Netherlands), ACUSON SC2000 (Siemens, Germany) transesophageal sensors X7-2t, Z6Ms, at the following stages of operation: 1 - after intubation of the patient; 2 - the main stage of operation: when placing the conductor in the cavity of the left ventricle, after balloon valvuloplasty, when positioning and implantation of the prosthesis; 3 - the end of the operation. TEE at the beginning and end of the operation was conducted according to the accepted Protocol. Results: all patients had pronounced AV stenosis, peak and average pressure gradients on AV were 90.0±27.0 and 51.5±16.5 mm Hg. respectively. Intraoperative TEE in 3D mode and creating a model of the aortic root, the calculated linear dimensions of the aortic root, which coincided with the data of CT. One patient was diagnosed with worsening of the degree of mitral stenosis to expressed in the formulation of the CoreValve system, and also recorded one episode of severe pericardial effusion after placing the conductor in the cavity of the left ventricle. In all patients, hemodynamic parameters and function of prostheses after surgery were within normal limits, with an average pressure gradient on the AK prosthesis was 5.9±2.8 mm Hg. Conclusion: Tee is a basic method in the assessment of valvular structures of the heart, is of great importance for the timely diagnosis of complications during surgery endovascular aortic valve replacement, and research in 3D and 4D modes can replace the expensive research.

Patients with sarcoidosis are usually young people with active lifestyle. On early stages of the disease, clinical symptoms are commonly absent, and its detection occurs by chance. The results of examining this group of patients at rest may not exceed the normal values, therefore it s necessary asses them at the peak of exercise. Undoubtedly, it is important not only to assess the extent of cardiorespiratory system lesion, but also to estimate physical reserve, physical activity level they can perform without harming their health and aggravating underlying disease. Cardiorespiratory stress-echocardiography allows to get complete information for patients with sarcoidosis.

According to the authors, rationing the age-related EEG parameters in children should be based on personal psychical characteristics. A comparative analysis of personal psychical characteristics and electroencephalographic data was carried out in 300 apparently healthy children aged 3-15 years. According to this principle, two subgroups of conditionally healthy children in each age group were singled out: 1) with an immature attention function and 2) with an increased anxious background that do not reach the pathological level. Registration and analysis of EEG was performed by the Neurokariograf computer complex (MBN, Moscow) using mathematical processing methods.The EEG interpretation was based on the principle of assessing the functional state of a child's brain using a three-component model according to: 1) wakefulness level and its dissociation, 2) severity of signs of the EEG neurotic pattern, 3) directionality of formation of traits of the system-functional brain organization (severity of signs functional hypofrontality).lt was found the presence of EEG signs was indicative of a lower level of wakefulness in children with an immature function of attention in all age groups, compared with the indicators of the average population of group and children with an increased background of anxiety. Children with an increased background of anxiety have a tendency to prevalence and excessive spatial synchronization of the alpha rhythm. ln healthy children, the fact of a decrease in wakefulness and the presence of signs of anxiety in the clinic and in EEG patterns indicates individual personalities and should not be considered as pathology.

The results of long-term thermal imaging (TI) studies of local peripheral vegetative-vascular disorders in children with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are summarized. TI cntena for the diagnosis of different variants of Raynaud's phenomenon depending on the gender and age of patients are formulated.