The letter contains modern points of view and new approaches for diagnostics and treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a frame of chronic cerebral ischemia. Also considered data of relevance of a problem, diagnostics and differential diagnostics difficulties of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia, classification questions established. The most modern and perspective ways of clinical, instrumental and laboratory diagnostics, a definition and the main pathways of pathogenetic therapy of both neurodegenerative, and vascular forms of initial cognitive disorders contains.

Malignant neoplasms (MN) are a noninfectious pandemic disease of the 21st century. Despite the successful application of surgical, radiation methods and chemotherapy (CT), the quality of life of such patients often decreases significantly following the severe pain syndrome. The pain syndrome, leading to the development of paraneoplastic polyneuropathy (PNP) raises our particular interest. The purpose of this work was to study generation, mechanisms of development and targeted correction of painful PNP symptoms at various stages of CT, given a lack of consensus in the literature. 96 patients with oncological process of various localization and stage of MN were examined. The descriptors of the neuropathic pain syndrome in the limbs prior to the onset of CT were noted in 20 % of cases at algological screening. In the course of CT, its frequency increased to 82 % of cases during cycle #4 and up to 98 % during cуcles 6-7, accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the severity of pain assessed by DN4 and Pain Detect scales (p = 0.000), as well as significant deterioration in the quality of life of patients with the increase in reactive anxiety according to the Spielberger questionnaire (p = 0.000 and p = 0.042, respectively), without involving anxiety and depression according to the Beck questionnaire data (p = 0.684). Clinically the examined type of PNP along CT cycles came with depression of tendon reflexes, decrease in superficial sensitivity without significant involvement of motor functions and moderate autonomic disorders. The electroneurophysiological pattern of paraneoplastic PNP was initially defined as predominantly axonal sensory and, as the CT was performed, it was transformed into axonal sensory-motor. The attempt of preventive use of pregabalin in a number of patients allowed to objectify its effectiveness in management of the intensity and psychological aspects of neuropathic cancer pain during prolonged CT at significance value of p < 0.05.

The article presents a clinical and laboratory analysis of chronic recurring genital herpes complicated by neuropathic pain in the extremities caused by unilateral herpetic lesions of spinal ganglia and spinal roots at the cervical and lumbosacral levels. Clinical and immunological aspects of herpetic lesion of the peripheral nervous system and their standard treatment are highlighted.

Acute migraine treatment is challenging. Migraine medications are effective in two out of the three attacks only. Individual response to an analgesics is difficult predictable. Migraine attack treatment is often ineffective on account of non-compliance with the rules for the use of analgesics. Acute migraine medications should be used as early as possible after the onset of headache phase. The effective choice for a migraine patient depends on the severity of the attacks, associated symptoms particularly nausea and vomiting, comorbid disorders, and the individual patient's response. A stratified approach based on the patient’s therapeutic needs has been discussed.

A clinical observation of a patient of 70-years-old with acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy is presented. Information on the etiology and pathogenesis of this form is given. The clinical polymorphism of the disease and the dynamics of somatic, neurological disorders are highlighted. The problem of differential diagnosis is discussed, additional and laboratory methods of investigation are presented to verify the diagnosis. The information on the therapy of acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy is given.

An urgent problem of clinical medicine related to the pathology of the nervous system is angioneurology, especially the problems of diagnosis and treatment of stroke in patients of young age (15-45 years). At present, many etiological causes are described, which causes extreme heterogeneity of this cohort of patients. Often, the causes of development of acute disorders of cerebral circulation are multifactorial in character, and in some cases it is not possible to determine the etiological affiliation. The article focuses on cardiac pathology. disorders in the blood clotting system, some forms of primary and secondary vasculitides, iron deficiency anemia and such a rare condition as the presence of a floating thrombus from that artery. Presented are the main genetic diseases in which young people can develop strokes. Data on the efficacy and safety of the innovative Russian preparation Cellex in the treatment of strokes are presented.

The gender direction is one of the priorities in modern medicine. The article summarizes the data on etiological factors, peculiarities of pathogenesis and specific clinical manifestations of acute cerebral circulation disorders, which depend on sex. Information on the severity of the stroke course in men and women, the response to therapy, the effectiveness of rehabilitation and the outcomes of the disease is reflected.

Oxidative stress is a significant participant in the pathophysiology of multiple brain disorders, including schizophrenia. Here we highlight roles for oxidative stress as a common mechanism by which varied genetic and epidemiologic risk factors impact upon functional and structure impairment in brain that underlie the schizophrenia syndrome. Oxidative injury in schizophrenia may be caused not only by pathophysiological processes but partly by treatment with antipsychotics. Many studies have been conducted in order to probe the potential protective effects of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the oxidant-anti-oxidant system and lipid peroxidation. Also it is to be discussed if antioxidants should have a place in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.