Acute respiratory viral infections (RVI) traditionally lead in frequency of morbidity and frequency of visits to medical institutions. RVI affects people of completely different ages, including children and the elderly, whose diseases occur with more severe symptoms and a higher risk of complications. The study of the pathogenesis, optimization of treatment and prevention of RVI is extremely relevant and has special significance in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, quite a large number of people on the planet have disorders of the gut microbiota, which negatively affects the metabolic process, the state of immunity and may underlie the development of systemic inflammatory reactions. In situation of gut dysbiosis, a more severe and prolonged duration of RVI is noted, which may be associated with a change in the immunological effects of the gut microbiota, the insufficiency of a number of factors of local and common immunity and a disorder of the functioning of the ‘gut-lungs’ axis. Pathogenetically justified the usage of medications (probiotics) for the correction of gut microbiota disorders in patients with RVI, including those taking antibiotics for bacterial complications. Probiotics have immunomodulatory effects. They can directly inhibit the attachment of the virus to the receptor of the host cell, and also contribute to the improvement of cellular, humoral and local immunity.

The article analyzes problem of the clinic and diagnosis of multiple diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract. Diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract is not a rare diagnosis. A feature of our observation is the defeat of all parts of the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the colon. The presence of an unfixed hernia of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm and cholelithiasis (history of cholecystectomy in 2019) and, taking into account the presence of diverticulosis of the colon, made it possible to verify Saint’s triad. In our opinion, Saint’s triad is a combination of the most frequently reported diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in elderly and senile people: cholelithiasis, hiatal hernia, diverticular disease of the colon. Our observation expands the understanding of gastrointestinal diverticula in the sense that diverticula can be simultaneously detected in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

Objective. To identify clinical stigmas and eating habits of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) against the background of overweight and obesity in order to improve the effectiveness of management of this cohort of patients.

Material and methods. Open cross-sectional cohort study with 175 participants aged 18 to 44 years (mean age 30,06 ± 6,15 years) was carried out. Group 1 included 100 obese or overweight IBS patients aged 18 to 44 years (mean age 30.63 ± 6.37 years, BMI 25.88 ± 6.28 kg/m2). In group 1, subgroup 1A included 50 people with IBS associated with overweight or obesity. Subgroup 1B included 50 IBS patients with normal weight. Group 2 included 75 people without IBS, aged 19 to 43 years (mean age 29.31 ± 5.81 years, BMI 27.80 ± 6.20 kg/m2). Subgroup 2A included 50 participants without IBS who were overweight or obese. Subgroup 2B included 25 conditionally healthy participants. IBS symptoms were assessed using a 10-point scale. The severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, the presence of anxiety and depression, the level of specific anxiety, quality of life, and eating habits were assessed using verified questionnaires.

Results. Patients suffering from IBS associated with obesity and overweight have characteristic clinical stigmas, namely: IBS with predominant constipation, severe course of IBS, depressive and anxiety disorders, eating habits characterized by predominance of floury, sweet, fatty and salty foods in the diet, and low intake of fruits and vegetables containing dietary fiber.

Conclusions. The identified clinical stigmas suggest the presence of a portrait of an IBS patient with excessive body weight or obesity, which creates the need to elucidate the mechanisms of IBS formation and progression in overweight and obese individuals.

Objective. To demonstrate the possibilities of using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ‘Whole-Body’ mode in the algorithm for diagnosing and monitoring metabolically associated fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Material and methods. All patients were examined according to a single diagnostic algorithm, consisting of a physical examination with anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ‘Whole-Body’ mode and quantitative ultrasound steatometry. In addition to the main study group (n = 118), two control groups were recruited: the first with an increased body mass index, but without signs of metabolically associated fatty liver disease (n = 101), the second with a normal body mass index, without signs of liver damage (n = 84).

Results. In a larger number of patients with confirmed metabolically associated fatty liver disease, according to clinical, laboratory and instrumental data, a predominance of visceral adipose tissue over subcutaneous adipose tissue was observed (compared to patients without confirmed metabolically associated fatty liver disease). At the same time, the percentage of fat in patients of the main study group and control group No. 1 is within the normal range of age intervals. Quantitative ultrasound steatometry data have a high correlation with data describing the components of the metabolic syndrome according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ‘Whole-Body’ mode with a direct relationship.

Conclusion. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ‘Whole-Body’ mode can be used both for screening and for diagnosing the components of the metabolic syndrome due to high information content and minimal radiation exposure. Patients in whom visceral subcutaneous tissue predominates over subcutaneous adipose tissue are at greater risk of developing metabolically associated fatty liver disease. Quantitative ultrasound steatometry complements the picture of diffuse liver changes in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Selenium is a vital trace element, a key agent in the functioning of the human antioxidant system. Maintaining its optimal level in the body prevents the development of a wide range of pathologies and disorders in the functioning of the endocrine, cardiovascular, reproductive, nervous and other systems. Deficiency of this microelement is observed in 50% of Russians, reaching 95–100% in some regions. Therefore, the correction of selenium status is an urgent task of public health, in connection with which research is underway on various selenium compounds that differ in efficiency, degree of bioavailability and toxicity. The most appropriate human physiology, well-absorbed, effective and safe form of selenium is the amino acid l-selenocystin (selenocysteine in a reduced state). This is what formed the basis of the Parafarm drug SELENBIO for women, which allows compensating for selenium deficiency in different categories of the population without the risk of intoxication.

Introduction. The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has led not only to a pandemic accompanied by high mortality, a great demand for the use of various drugs, but also to an unprecedented rapid development. In order to reduce the rate of infection spread and the severity of the course of the disease, COVID-19 vaccines were approved for practical use in a number of countries in 2021. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been proven to be safe and effective against this infection. However, with all types of vaccines, various side and unwanted effects may occur. Reactions to COVID-19 vaccination are usually mild to moderate and are usually short-lived.

Objective. To characterize the main adverse and adverse effects reported within 20 months of WHO approval of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Materials and methods. Literature was analyzed from various databases, including PubMed, WHO. The key terms used in the literature search were: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines, vaccine, and adverse and adverse effects. The review includes 38 sources, including research articles, clinical trials, and literature reviews.

Conclusions. The results of the presented review can be used as an additional tool in planning comparative studies of the efficacy and safety of vaccine prevention against COVID-19.

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) are an important cause of morbidity in the military setting for many decades. It has high rates of seeking medical care and job loss. Due to the stressful living conditions and activities and other abundance of risk factors, the most effective anti-epidemic measures in military teams should be considered the early detection of infected persons and their timely isolation. We used a modern data present a review that focuses on technical level of current software and hardware systems for biometric video analytics and artificial intelligence algorithms, which make it possible to detect early symptoms of infectious diseases. A list of most common symptoms in ARVIs that can be recognized using video surveillance and video analytics was determined. These symptoms can be used as initial empirical data for a comprehensive automated assessment of the person’s individual state parameters. A scheme for the operation of a software and hardware complex for video data analytics for the early detection of infected persons is proposed. This scheme is necessary because some infected persons appear healthy for some time but keep infecting others when they interact with them. The use of independent machine learning based on the principle of a retrospective statistical analysis of locomotor data and other signs identified in infected persons in the prodromal period of the disease can establish reliable diagnostic correlations based on big data. The data accumulation of the features of the preclinical stages of ARVIs using the proposed approach will lead to the formation of a minimum informative set of video analytical signs (markers) that allow them to be reliably recognized in the prodromal period for the purpose of timely isolation and additional examination of the infected persons and to protect non-infected persons. The implementation of the developed direction will improve the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures through early localization and liquidation of the epidemic.

The increase in cases of appendicitis observed during the COVID-19 pandemic requires an analysis of the causes of this situation and the determination of tactics for the diagnostic and surgical treatment of these patients. In 2020–2022 at the St. Vladimir Children’s Clinical Hospital, among hospitalized and operated patients for appendicitis, 16 patients were identified who simultaneously had a positive result of testing a swab from the nasopharynx for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. All patients are schoolchildren with a predominance of high school students. The disease began acutely with the appearance of abdominal pain, accompanied by repeated vomiting. There was no high fever, in half of the cases the temperature was subfebrile (37.2–37.8 °C), in other cases it remained normal. The respiratory syndrome preceded the abdominal one in three patients, and six more patients had hyperemia of the palatine arches and posterior pharyngeal wall. Respiratory failure, hypoxia were absent. Chest CT showed no changes. In all cases, abdominal ultrasound revealed ECHO signs of inflammatory transformation of appendix fragments. Operations were performed laparoscopically. The results of the morphological study of the removed appendix corresponded to the diagnosis of phlegmonous appendicitis, periappendicitis, mesenteriolitis. The postoperative course was uncomplicated, the pain syndrome was stopped, there was an improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters. Conclusion: phlegmonous appendicitis was observed in patients with coronavirus infection; surgical treatment led to the recovery of patients.

Objective. To study bactericidal effect of continuous spectrum ultraviolet radiation on hospital flora and evaluate microbiological efficiency of using portable pulsed ultraviolet unit for disinfection of air and open surfaces in a medical organization. During the study, it was found that the selected research methods probably did not allow to achieve higher values of disinfection efficiency in shorter processing times.

Materials and methods. The strains of microorganisms that were used for the study were taken from various loci from patients of the department of anesthesiology and intensive care for children with cardiac pathology on the first day of their transfer from various medical organizations, as well as museum strains from the collection of microorganisms of the laboratory. Single-use plastic Petri dishes with nutrient media in the laboratory were artificially contaminated with test strains. Air samples were taken during the work shift by aspiration using a Krotov’s apparatus. Wipes were taken with a sterile cotton swab dipped in nutrient medium.

Results. No colonies of multiresistant K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. coli were detected in the samples as a result of exposure to a pulsed ultraviolet radiation source in a mode № 1; the efficiency of the action was 99.9–100%. With the regimen № 2 the efficacy was 83.33–99.9%. Assessment of microbiological efficiency of the disinfected open surfaces and air in a small operating room and a dressing room showed that the level of air contamination did not exceed the permissible level.

Conclusions. It has been experimentally proved that pulsed UV radiation of broadband spectrum has high bactericidal activity against microorganisms of hospital environments.