The article is devoted to the Moscow Ambulance Society, established in 1908 by enthusiastic doctors, mainly surgeons, to provide free medical care to accident victims on the streets, in all public places, factories, railways and others. The article presents the efforts of Moscow doctors in the distant 1907–1917 to create an emergency medical service on a scientific basis, the opening of the station. The basic principles on which emergency medical care should be organized for the population of the city of Moscow and the rationality of the approach in providing assistance are outlined. The approaches and principles developed by the Emergency Medical Care Society in Moscow were not in vain and formed the basic basis of modern emergency medical care.

Despite the low level of morbidity, the significance of meningococcal infection (MI) persists and is primarily due to the predicted rise in morbidity after a long period of relative well-being (decline), instability of the serogroup landscape, an increase in morbidity caused by previously rare serotypes (meningococcus W), lack of routine vaccination, as well as severe course, the development of formidable complications and high risk of death. The risk of up to 30–60 % disabling complications after generalized forms of meningococcal infection (GFMI), including physical and neuropsychiatric problems, is also important. The reason for the unfavorable prognosis of the disease is the late diagnosis at the pre-hospital stage, hospitalization in non-core hospitals, the severity of the pathological process. With a low incidence, a wide range of antibacterial drugs, the mortality from GFMI is significant, from 6 to 14 %. The main means to significantly reduce the incidence and mortality from GFMI is currently the introduction of mass vaccination of the population against MI.

Introduction. Cytokine storm substantially complicates the clinical course of COVID-19 disease and can potentially lead to multiorgan failure. At present, there are two groups of cytokine storm control and treatment methods extensively described in literature: pharmacological approach and extracorporeal techniques. Pharmacological approach is most often either to use the tocilizumab-induced interleukin receptor blockade or to suppress inflammatory mediators’ production with glucocorticosteriods.

Materials and methods. We have performed a retrospective statistical analysis of the clinical course of 58 hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated within the pharmacological approach either with monoclonal antibody + glucocorticosteroids (tocilizumab + dexamethasone) or with methylprednisolone in bolus + continuous infusion mode and compared the clinical effects of these two methods with regard to their ability to control inflammation. Results. By the time of antiviral therapy was discontinued all patients demonstrated statistically significant improvement (by nine parameters in tocilizumab group and 11 parameters in methylprednisolone continuous infusion group). IL-6 decrease was statistically significant in methylprednisolone group only. Total survival upon discharge was 96 % in tocilizumab group and 90 % in methylprednisolone group, though this survival difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions. Our clinical observations and statistical analysis of the retrospective data suggest that the used techniques (tocilizumab + dexamethasone and methylprednisolone bolus + infusion) were similarly effective in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In the view of the compared methods equal efficiency, the use of methylprednisolone appears to be more economically viable. Further research is needed for a detailed study of the results we here describe.

Nutritional support (NS) is an integral component of the management of critically ill patients. Delivery of nutrients and energy to critically ill patients largely depends on the stage of the disease. The emphasis is on the gradual achievement of the target values of protein and energy, the predominant use of the enteral method of delivery of food components, the continuity of nutritional support between departments. When performing NS in patients in the acute stage of CC, it is important to take into account the ratio of protein and energy in the mixtures administered to prevent excess energy delivery and reduce mortality. Equally important is the composition, quality of the protein of the tube feeding and its tolerance. The positive clinical effects of the use of metabolically oriented tube feeding with a high content of arginine, vitamins A, E, C, the trace element Zn and Se allow us to consider nutritional support as one of the components of the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in hemodynamically stable patients in the ICU.

The article describes the results of a clinical and economic analysis of the data and the results of the multicenter randomized study RECOVID, performed in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 coronavirus infection. The authors prove the expediency of using high-protein high- calorie enteral nutrition Nutridrink as the basis of the diet of such patients, evaluating it as an effective and safe measure that improves the prognosis of the course of the disease with positive results from the point of view of the health economy: increasing the turnover of the hospital bed by 25.1% and allowing the medical organization receive additional income based on the current tariffs.