The basis of the normal course of pregnancy is optimal nutrition as one of the main elements of a healthy lifestyle. Numerous studies have established that long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a variety of biological activities: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiallergic, antithrombotic, antisclerotic, etc. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids are necessary for the normal functioning of the body during pregnancy and intrauterine development of the child. Deficiency of omega 3 PUFAs leads to a disruption in the normal development and physiological formation of the structures of the brain, visual analyzer and the immune system of the fetus. The use of omega 3 PUFAs during pregnancy has a positive effect both on the neuropsychic state of the woman, preventing depression, and on the psychomotor development of the child, improving cognitive functions. It is important to ensure adequate intake of these compounds from food or dietary supplements to ensure the normal course and outcome of pregnancy.

Numerous scientific studies, as well as practical experience in public health, have determined that proper and timely diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy often determines obstetric and perinatal outcomes, and affects maternal and perinatal mortality rates. Urinary tract infections are common, with a prevalence in pregnancy ranging from 8 to 10%. During pregnancy and delivery, patients with UTIs can develop a number of complications such as anaemia, spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, fetoplacental insufficiency, premature delivery and postpartum septic complications. UTIs also have adverse effects on the fetus, causing fetal hypoxia, delayed intrauterine development and intrauterine infection. Prenatal screening for UTIs is included in the standard of care for pregnant women throughout the world and in some countries, women are screened more than once. Such early diagnosis for asymptomatic bacteriuria is thought to reduce obstetric, perinatal and urological complications by up to a factor of five. However, in some European countries, the socioeconomic feasibility of routine screening of pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria has recently been raised.

The relevance of the study is due to the search for prognostically significant causes of non-developing pregnancy (NP) and the development of adequate prevention of identified disorders. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase encoded by the MTHFR gene determines the balance of folic acid derivatives and homocysteine (HC) / methionine. Polymorphic variants of folate genes can lead to excessive accumulation of HC in the blood and hypomethylation of DNA, which contributes to an increase in reproductive losses in early gestation. Carrying out periconceptional prophylaxis with high doses of folic acid (4000 mcg) reduces the level of free HC in the blood, but is effective only when it begins 3 months before conception and in the early stages of embryo and fetus development (up to 12 weeks). Based on the study, it was proposed to use folic acid at a dose of 4000 mcg in a high-risk group for the development of NP (pregnant women with hyperhomocysteinemia) 16 weeks before conception and 12 weeks after conception.

In order to study the frequency of occurrence of chronic endometritis (CE) in women with miscarriage, 110 patients participated in the study, including the result of a histological study of the endometrium, isolated by a group (n = 69) with wide variants of CE. The subject underwent complex restorative treatment using ultrasonic cavitation irrigation of the uterus and balneotherapy. As a result of the normalization of the morphological picture occurred in 59% of patients, the content of alpha 2-microglobulin of fertility in menstrual blood increased 3.3 times after the reconstruction (from 13 µg/ml versus 43.5 µg/ml; p = 0.002).

Aim. To analyze the efficiency of the use of inosit in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women of reproductive age.

Materials and methods. The prospective study included 80 patients aged 21 to 35 years with a diagnosis of PCOS. The main group consisted of 45 women who were prescribed inosit and lifestyle modification to correct symptoms of PCOS. The control group consisted of 35 women for whom was recommended only lifestyle modification. The condition of the patients was assessed at the beginning of therapy, after 3 and 6 months.

Results. During therapy, the patients of the main group showed a statistically significant effect of inosit on metabolic status: a decrease in fasting glucose and insulin levels, body mass index; hormonal status: a decrease in the level of androstenedione, testosterone, LH, normalization of the LH/FSH, a decrease in the clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism; restored menstrual cycle with ovulation

Conclusions. The use of inosit along with a balanced diet and physical activity is an effective means for correcting clinical manifestations and improving the quality of life of women with PCOS.

Purpose of the study. To investigate the state of reproductive and contraceptive behavior and health of undergraduate female students of DSMU.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted at Dagestan State Medical University in 2019–2021 using an anonymous questionnaire survey of 760 female students.

Results. Students in our region quite confidently place health on the first place in the hierarchy of life values, but at the same time, as sociological research shows, they do not take proper measures to preserve and increase this capital. The first place in the structure of somatic pathology is occupied by diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. There is a downward trend in the birth rate among the young people of Dagestan.

Conclusion. The peculiarities of the lifestyle of female students are hypodynamia and unhealthy eating habits. Health maintenance and disease prevention are chaotic.

This paper presents practical and literary material. The literary material is compiled from data from various urban and territorial medical and preventive organizations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Dagestan. The practical material was a survey of 200 women who were assessed for quality of life, endotoxicosis, lipoperioxidation processes, and the functional state of the blood hemostasis system. It has been established that a large number of heterogeneous and broad-spectrum pesticides, such as organochlorine, copper-containing, organomercury, etc., are used in different territories of the Republic of Dagestan. Despite the fact that the pesticide load is decreasing in the Republic of Dagestan, the level of drugs used remained above the norm by 4–8 times (p = 0.01). This is due to several factors: the shelf life of most pesticides is expired; productive companies will convert expired ones into new products; the period of pesticide treatment is not evaluated by specialists, but, by eye, which is not determined by experts, which leads to a decrease in the biological impact of these substances, and an increase in their consumption. It has been established that the pesticide load of ecological zones spreads in different ways across the territory of Dagestan. At the same time, the ability of self-purification is recorded to a large extent in the mountainous regions and less in the flat and foothill areas. However, the residual concentration of pesticides in food in these areas remains at a high level. It was revealed that the incidence of cervical erosion has a significant tendency to increase under the influence of toxic chemicals, to a lesser extent with a separate type of application, and to the greatest extent with combined and total. It was found that women living in an area with increased use of pesticides had a decrease in physical and emotional activity, chronic endogenous intoxication, activation of lipoperioxidation processes, hypercoagulation of the blood hemostasis system.

Frequency of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the population of women aged 14–45 is 23.0–29.0%, however, in the structure of infections accompanied by pathological vaginal discharge, it accounts for up to 48.6%. This article presents data on the prevalence of BV in the Republic of Dagestan (RD).

Aim. To study the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the RD in various ecological zones.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the prevalence of BV in various ecological zones of the RD was carried out by processing the results of the examination of patients who applied for gynecological care.

Results. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the Republic of Dagestan, according to our study, equals 53.6%.

Conclusion. In connection with the high incidence of BV in the Republic of Dagestan, it is necessary to search for new methods of treatment and prevention of this pathology.