Some drugs can lead to the development of drug-induced arterial hypertension. The aim of the work is to systematize and analyze the data about drugs that can cause the development of drug-induced hypertension, as well as on epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention of drug-induced hypertension. As a result of data analysis, it was revealed that drugs: glucocorticosteroids, antineoplastic drugs, immunosuppressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants and some others are associated with the development of hypertension. The mechanisms of development of drug-induced arterial hypertension are not fully established and require further study. Drug-induced arterial hypertension is still one of the most common and often unrecognized adverse reactions. The clinical manifestations of drug-induced hypertension are not specific. The symptoms are associated with target organ damage or complications of hypertension and may include a headache, nausea, dizziness, blurred vision, anxiety, shortness of breath, etc. patients with previously well-controlled hypertension or cases of uncontrolled hypertension. Therefore, it is always necessary to pay attention to the patient’s history, pharmacological anamnesis, rapid increases in blood pressure in patients with previously well-controlled hypertension, or cases of uncontrolled hypertension.

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is one of the most significant symptoms in clinical practice. The development of OH in the short term is associated with such consequences as falls, decreased adherence to treatment, in the long term, OH is associated with dementia and an increase in overall mortality. One of the leading factors in the development of OH is drugs in this case, the term ‘drug-induced’ (DI) OH is used. The leading drugs that induce this symptom include antihypertensive drugs, vasodilators, as well as alpha-blockers and antidepressants. The risk factors for DI OH are old age, concomitant diseases, in particular arterial hypertension (AH). The question of OH in patients with AH is difficult. Оn the one hand, AH is a risk factor for OH, in addition, antihypertensive drugs are inducers of OH and an increase in the amount of antihypertensive drugs can lead to an increase in the risk of developing OH. On the other hand, optimal therapy for AH on the contrary, leads to a decrease in the severity of OH. The basis of the treatment of DI OH is the correction of therapy with the drug withdrawal or replacement. The leading methods of prevention and treatment are non-pharmacological, requiring the active participation of the patient – a certain algorithm for accepting an upright position, changing eating behavior and counter maneuvers. Pharmacological therapies play a minor role. Informing doctors, as well as the patients themselves, about the problem of DI OH plays an important role in the prevention of its consequences.

Cerebrovascular disorders are one of the main causes of cognitive impairment. Understanding the cause of vascular brain damage, establishing the existing risk factors allow choosing the optimal treatment strategy and slowing the progression of cognitive impairment. The article discusses information about risk factors for cognitive impairment: age, level of education, social isolation and lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, exposure to polluted air, hypertension, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, diabetes mellitus, depression, cerebrovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, genetic predisposition. Information is provided on the possible impact of COVID-19 on the development and progression of cognitive impairment. The possibilities of neurometabolic drugs in the treatment of cognitive disorders are considered. The results of the analysis of the experience of using the drug citicoline (Noocil) in the treatment of patients with cognitive impairment are presented, the possible advantages of prescribing Noocil in the form of a solution for oral administration are noted.

The World Health Organization has identified the problem of distrust of vaccines as one of the main global threats to human health. The adoption of a positive decision on vaccination is significantly influenced by medical professionals. However, there are people among health professionals who are not committed to vaccination. An analytical review of studies conducted among students of medical educational institutions in European countries, the USA and Asian countries shows that the majority of students have a positive attitude to vaccination against COVID-19. Among the reasons for refusing vaccination, the students indicated the fear of complications and the possibility of introducing microchips. Among the sources of information about vaccines, students indicated an educational institution and social networks. The authors of the studies suggest that such concerns may be associated with insufficient training of students in the field of vaccinology. During the surveys, medical workers and students indicated their lack of awareness of vaccination prevention issues and unwillingness to discuss with opponents of vaccination. The results of the study conducted by the authors in Moscow (Russia), revealed similar results. Among the reasons for refusing vaccination, respondents indicated fears of complications. Negative information about vaccines was mainly obtained from the Internet. At the same time, respondents had great confidence in the opinion of medical professionals, including in making a positive decision on vaccination. The meeting of students with leading experts in the field of vaccination showed its high demand and effectiveness. As a result of the meeting, educational and methodological materials on vaccines and exposing myths about vaccination were prepared.

It is known that in the first year of life, the most intensive growth, maturation of the digestive tract and intestinal microbiota, the development of the child’s immune and nervous systems occur. A lot of evidence has been accumulated that the optimal composition of mother’s milk regulates the metabolism of the child and contributes to the prevention of diseases of various origins. One of the key components of breast milk that have a positive effect on the growth and development of the child are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Considering the prevalence of омега‑3 PUFA deficiency in the population, the most appropriate is the use of омега‑3 PUFAs (EPA + DHA) as part of IUD before pregnancy, throughout the entire period of gestation and breastfeeding.

The quality of medical care depends on many parameters, including the effective use of high-tech medical interventions for the purpose of early identification of diseases. Today, it is important to use non-invasive, highly specific, accurate, highly sensitive, real-time express-methods of diagnostics. For such aim Raman fluorescent medical technologies can be used in detection of inflammatory and tumor diseases, including the head and neck pathology. This article provides a brief overview of the prospects of Raman fluorescence spectrometry in combination with machine learning methods for the early indication of head and neck diseases; also results of the study are presented. The technique is based on the phenomena of tissue autofluorescence and Raman light scattering. The article presents the results of the use of Raman fluorescence spectrometry for the differential diagnosis of ear diseases and salivary glands` pathology. In the future, the described method in case of special diagnostic algorithms` development can be used in clinical medicine for improving the quality of medical care.

Severe complications of COVID‑19 are pneumonia and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is accompanied by hypoxia. Tissue hypoxia increases against the background of inflammatory reactions and hypercoagulation. Hyperbaric oxygenation can effectively reduce systemic hypoxia, improve blood circulation, has a beneficial effect on reducing the severity of the inflammatory condition by modulating oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation, and increasing antioxidant enzymes. A review of clinical studies conducted in different countries shows the overall effectiveness of systemic maintenance therapy with the inclusion of hyperbaric oxygenation, which reduces the use of artificial ventilation and reduces the mortality rate of severely ill patients with COVID‑19. The article presents the results of our own research on the rehabilitation of 10 patients who had a severe form of COVID‑19. The inclusion in the rehabilitation of COVID‑19 patients of daily sessions of hyperbaric oxygenation in ‘soft’ modes (1,4–1,6 ATA) in combination with respiratory and physical gymnastics showed a positive effect and safety. In patients, shortness of breath decreased, blood saturation indicators improved, cognitive functions decreased, the severity of anxiety and depression decreased, and exercise tolerance increased.