Patients with a drug-resistant form of epilepsy can be treated by neurosurgery through the destruction or separation of the epileptic focus. If the results of clinical, neuro-imaging and neurophysiological methods are discordant, then the localization of the epileptogenic zone is performed based on the results of long-term invasive monitoring of the bioelectrical activity of the cortex and deep structures of the brain. The aim of this work was the retrospective analysis of the results of invasive monitoring of the bioelectrical activity of the brain to clarify the mechanisms of the formation of patterns of interictal and ictal activity in structural epilepsy. The study included 35 patients (18 men, 17 women) with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, who were treated at the Polenov Neurosurgical Institute. The examination included video-EEG monitoring, long-term invasive monitoring of bioelectrical activity of the cortex, and deep brain structures. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of surgical treatment: 1) micro-surgical resection of the epileptic focus, including the zone of structural changes (24 patients); 2) stereotactic destruction of the amygdala-hippocampal complex (6 patients). The follow-up of the outcomes of the surgical treatment took place over 2-3 years. Depending on the results of the surgical treatment, the patients were divided into two groups: 1) patients with a favorable outcome (Engel 1–2) — 15 patients and 2) patients with no positive dynamics and a relatively poor outcome (Engel 3–4) — 15 patients. The results obtained showed that the patterns of interictal and ictal activity in their totality determine the neurophysiology, i.e the phenotype of temporal lobe epilepsy, reflecting the interference of pathogenetic and sanogenetic mechanisms. The localization of the epileptogenic zone should be based on the cumulative assessment of interictal and ictal activity. The presence of more than one focus of interictal activity, the secondary spread of epileptiform activity from the primary focus, are prognostically unfavorable factors.

The article deals with the application of functional methods for the study of the respiratory system, such as spirometry, bronchodilatation test, stress testing to detect bronchial hyperreactivity, provocative test with metacholine, impulse oscillometry, body plethysmography for the diagnosis, following up and prediction of the course of asthma.

The analysis of the differences in the spirometry estimation using different predicted values systems (Clement R.F., ECSC-1993, Knudson R.J, and GLI2012) have been made. The predicted values for volume indicators (FVC and FEV1) calculated using the GLI-2012 system were higher than those of the first three systems, while the flow indicators (FEF25-75 and MEF75), on the contrary, were lower. This difference has led to a different assessment of deviation of normal when using different predicted values systems. This is especially true when the values are near the evaluated areas borders.

Objective: to evaluate the results of biomechanics of myocardial contraction during diastole in patients with coronary heart disease based on the results of vector analysis

MATERIAL: the study is based on 79 patients with coronary heart disease with myocardial infarction and scarring of the heart muscle aged 53±4 years and 34 healthy volunteers — 41±3 years were examined. Before and after the operation of coronary artery bypass grafting, transthoracic echocardiography was performed, followed by computer image processing and calculation of hemodynamic parameters — EDV, ESV, EF, E\A. Vector analysis was used to estimate the rate of myocardial displacement (V), from the apex to the basal region in six regions of the left ventricle.

RESULTS. To determine the mechanical characteristics of left ventricular (LV) contraction, a method was used that allows dynamic series of ultrasound images to track the rate of myocardial contraction in the basal, middle and apical parts of the heart. Before surgery, during diastole, the rate of myocardial contraction increased by more than 30% in comparison with the norm in the basal, middle, and apical regions. Changes occur due to a decrease in myocardial perfusion. In response, hyperfunction occurs, which leads to the activity of additional cardiomyocytes in maintaining heart performance. After the operation, the recovery of myocardial contraction rates to normal values was noted.

CONCLUSION. The results showed the dynamics of the rates of myocardial displacement mainly in the diastole, but there is no complete recovery in the hospital period. Diagnosis of the mechanical function of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle is based on the dynamics of the rates of contraction from the apex to the basal part of the left ventricle. Evaluation of the activity of myocardial contraction has certain advantages in determining the state of diastolic function of the left ventricle.

The article describes 2 clinical cases with signs of deliberate manipulation by patients of the results of ambulatory BP monitoring, leading to an increase of mean blood pressure. Such findings, as experience shows, are often revealed in men of military age. The value of additional recording channels, such as ECG, physical activity and body position, rheopneumogram, for an objective assessment of such findings is shown. The main factors that can lead to an increase in blood pressure during ABPM are listed. Conclusion examples for describing such changes are given.

This article is the fourth of a series of materials that tell about figurative comparisons and eponyms in modern functional diagnostics. Daily ECG monitoring, ECG treadmill test, daily blood pressure monitoring, spirometry, cardiorespiratory monitoring were considered. The names of great scientists who have made a great contribution to the history of medicine are given: Holter, Bruce — ‘father of the cardiology of exercises’, Tiffeneau, Gensler. Figurative comparisons like ‘electric storm’, ‘white coat hypertension’, ‘shark’s tooth’, ‘fat guy ‘Joe’ are described. The terms that will be discussed in the article have not only scientific, but also applied meaning. The article will be useful and interesting to students of medical universities, residents and doctors, whom it will help to check and, possibly, update their knowledge.