In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the world and our professional activities are changing. The issue of preventing transmission of the virus and protecting medical stuff has become very acute all over the world. The vaccine is only in the process of development. WHO (World Health Organization) has directed all efforts to limit the spread of the virus in all countries of the world. In our article, we presented an overview of the experience of international colleagues on new protocols for conducting dental appointments and protecting medical stuff. We concluded that only strict adherence to the new protocols by staff and patients will help to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection.

Complications after implantation are noted at different follow-up periods [5, 6, 28, 33, 36, 38, 43]. It is known that the frequency of implant rejection varies, on average, from 3% to 35%, and an unoccupied inflammatory process leads to the loss of a dental implant [12].

Currently, the development of peri-implantitis is more studied. However, as a result of clinical cases, the development of the inflammatory process from 6 months to 3 years after implantation was revealed. It has been established that during surgical procedures it is necessary to carry out a complex of prophylactic measures that make it possible to prevent the possibilities of inflammation developing [32].

Reasonable and clinical application of the treatment-and-prophylactic rehabilitation complex in patients, taking into account individual characteristics in each clinical case, is relevant. So, the task of developing and justifying a complex of therapeutic measures, which allows to obtain a large number of complications during dental implantation, is not only medical, but also social.

Reliable data on the reactions of living organisms to titanium surfaces of implants based on microtomographic data are shown.

The effect of FDT on the processes of mucosal immunity, in particular, the cytokine profile, remains practically unstudied.

Objective: clinical and immunological assessment of the effectiveness of FDT in the complex treatment of periimplantitis at the initial stage of the relief of the inflammatory process.

Materials and research methods. The study included patients who contacted the dental institutions of the Republic of Dagestan and the clinic of the Department of Surgical Dentistry of Moscow State Medical University aged 20 to 49 years with a diagnosis of periimplantitis, a total of 61 people. 33 patients received the ABT (the main group 1), 28 patients received the PDT (the main group 2). The control group consisted of 76 patients with stable implants without signs of inflammation or periodontitis (intact periodontium). The concentration of cytokines TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A in the oral fluid was determined by ELISA twice using the INFINITE F50 analyzer (TECAN, Austria) and test systems (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russia). Results. Differences in the state of the cytokine profile in ABT (amoxicillin / sodium clavulanate at 825/125 mg 2 times a day for 7 days) and PDT (FotoSan 350 apparatus, photosensitizer toluidine blue: 4 sessions every 1 day for 40 sec) were found. The maximum cytokine response was observed in the evaluation of IL-1β (137–139 pg/ml) and IL-17A (161–172 pg/ml). After 1 month, statistically significant differences were revealed between the groups of patients with periimplantitis receiving different treatment options. The level of TNF-α decreased by 2.5 times and corresponded to the norm in the case of PDT, but with ABT it remained significantly higher, although we also observed a downward trend. The level of IL-17A showed a statistically significant decrease in PDT, while in ABT, the decrease was not significant. 3 months after treatment, complete normalization of the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A was observed in both compared groups, with the exception of IL-1β, which remained elevated: 8.6 times with PDT and 25 times with ABT.

Conclusion. The cytokine profile of gingival fluid in periimplantitis is an important diagnostic marker for the severity of inflammation, which can confirm the presence of periimplantitis and predict the course. The content of IL-1β and IL-17 A reflects the severity of the process. Restoring normal levels of IL-1β is slower than IL-17 A.

The article discusses the method of treatment of chronic periodontitis using a dental gel containing NADH. The use of NADH for chronic periodontitis helps to eliminate inflammatory phenomena and stimulates the regeneration of the oral mucosa.

Introduction. Pemphigus vulgaris is characterized by the appearance of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, which burst forming extensive erosions and ulcers. The painful erosions appearance complicates eating, speaking, oral hygiene and also favors the increase in soft and hard plaque, the presence of gingivitis, periodontitis, and changes in the oral microbiocenosis.

Purpose of the study is the analysis of the hygienic and periodontal status of the oral cavity in patients diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris based on an index score.

Material and methods. The prospective cohort controlled study involved 20 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris, 10 of whom were at the stage of exacerbation of the disease and 10 at the stage of clinical remission, as well as 10 patients without oral mucosal pathology made up the control group. The pH of mixed saliva was measured and the average value of hygienic and periodontal indices (Silness-Loe, PBI, PMA, PI) was also determined.

Results. The hygienic and periodontal status of patients with pemphigus vulgaris is worse than that of the control group.

The results of a biometric study of plaster models of the jaws of 189 people of the first period of adulthood with physiological occlusion of permanent teeth made it possible to calculate the boundaries of the variability of the gnathic index for meso-, brachy- and dolichognathia for the upper and lower dental arches. The value of the gnathic index from 1.76 to 1.92 is an indicator of the mesognathic shape of the upper dental arches, and the parameters of the gnathic index in the range of 1.81–1.97 indicate mesognathy of the lower dental arches. For dolichognathic types of dental arches, the gnatical index exceeds the upper threshold of the value range (upper jaw more than 1.92, lower jaw more  than 1.97), and with the brachygnathic type of dental arches, the values of the gnathic index are less than 1.76 for the upper jaw, and less than 1.81 for the lower jaw. The ratio of the length of the anterior section of the dental arch to the interfangular width in people with physio-logical occlusion was: for mesognathia – for the upper jaw  1.20±0.03, for the lower jaw 1.16±0.03; with dolichognathia – for the upper jaw 1.25±0.02, for the lower jaw 1.18±0.03; with brachygnathia – for the upper jaw  1.14±0.08, for the lower jaw 0.82±0.08. The ratio of the length of the dental arch to the sum of the diagonal dimensions of both sides in people with physiological occlusion was: for mesognathia – for the upper jaw 1.06±0.02,  for the lower jaw 1.09±0.02; with dolichognathia –  1.07±0.02 for the upper jaw, 1.09±0.01 for the lower jaw; with brachygnathia – for the upper jaw 1.06±0.02, for the lower jaw 1.10±0.02. The data obtained mathematically should be used as a criterion for matching the size  of teeth with the diagonal parameters of the dental arches, and also used to calculate the diagonal size based on odontometric characteristics.

The purpose of the study is a quantitative assessment of the yield of dentinal fluid on the surface of the treated dentin of the tooth when restoring its structure with a composite filling material. To achieve this goal, digital images of the coronal parts of the teeth having formed carious cavities were used; virtual models of hard tissues of teeth recreated using specialized computer programs; A computer program that provides the ability to accurately determine the area of the treated dentin tooth. The results made it possible to draw the following conclusions: with an increase in the depth of the carious cavity, the amount of dentin fluid that can stand out on its surface (1–2 mm from the tooth cavity) sharply increases; with an increase in the area of the formed carious cavity (more than 30 mm2), the risk of release of a critical mass of dentinal fluid (more than 0.4 mg), which can adversely affect the strength of the adhesive interaction between the composite material and the hard tissues of the tooth, increases significantly; the same dynamics is observed with increasing time, at which there is the possibility of free exit of dentinal fluid to the surface of the cavity prepared for filling (more than 45 seconds).

Relevance: the reason for the development of complications in endodontic treatment is poor-quality instrumental treatment root canals.

Aims: a study of the animicrobial action and clinical efficacy of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic forms of pulpitis.

Materials and methods: 102 patients with various chronic forms of pulpitis were divided into three groups of 34 patients each. In the first two groups, high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation was used in endodontic treatment in different modes. In the third group, endodontic treatment was carried out without the use of diathermocoagulation (comparison group). The root canal microflora in chronic pulpitis in vivo was studied twice-before and after diathermocoagulation.

Results: it was established that high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the effect mode is 3, power is 4 (4.1 W) and effect is 4, power is 4 (5.4 W) with an exposure time of 3 seconds, it has a pronounced antibacterial effect on all presented pathogenic microflora obtained from the root canals of the teeth.

The study of masticatory muscles allows timely detection of changes in their functional state, as well as to identify borderline pathological processes that can lead to the development of morphological and functional disorders in the maxillofacial region. This work was carried out in order to determine changes in the functional state of the masticatory muscles in patients with de-fects in the dentition in the lateral region before and after the orthopedic treatment. To achieve this goal, an electromyographic study of the masticatory muscles was performed in 95 patients with uni-lateral and bilateral defects of the dentition in the lateral region before and after restoration of the occlusal relationship of the dentition. As a result of the examination, pronounced malfunctions of the masticatory muscles were revealed in patients with defects in the dentition. After orthopedic treatment, a restoration of the balanced functioning of the muscular system of the maxillofacial re-gion was noted.

Purpose. To highlight the problem of periodontal lesions in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) from the clinical-laboratory position and evaluate their relationship. In the pathogenesis of chronic generalized periodontitis, systemic diseases of the body play an important role, including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The main dental symptom of OSA is dry mouth due to oral breathing, which is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. The review presents the results of a number of clinical studies dedicated to assessing the relationship of periodontal disease and obstructive sleep apnea. This review summarizes knowledge about the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the rate of progression and the severity of periodontal disease. Literature data indicate the need for further study of the characteristics of periodontal disease and the development of individual plans for dental rehabilitation of patients with OSA.

An assessment and correlation analysis was performed between the main indicators when using the drug etoricoxib for the removal of third molars.

The article analyzes the data on blood contact infections in the world. The risks of diseases associated with the provision of medical care are shown. The analysis of the organizational and legal regulation of this issue in the Russian Federation.