The risk-based approach to the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is entirely based on the results of a well-organized epidemiological diagnosis, which is aimed primarily at identifying risk factors. The structure of the risk-based approach includes risk identification, risk identification and risk analysis. One of the important points of epidemiological diagnosis is epidemiological observation. For the organization of epidemiological surveillance, both passive and active methods are used. The active method is the most effective, since it is an active search and identification of cases of HAIs using the standard definition of cases and the results of laboratory examination of patients from risk groups. To organize such work, a commission is formed in each medical organization, which should include an epidemiologist, clinical pharmacologist, expert doctor, laboratory assistant, head nurse, and a pharmacy employee. The functions of each participant depend on the organization of the general system for identifying HAIs in this organization. The proposed model of a risk-based approach to the epidemiological diagnosis of HAIs allows timely identification of groups and risk factors both in the context of individual departments and the medical organization as a whole, and, accordingly, to develop effective measures for the prevention of infections associated with the provision of medical care.

The concept of quality assurance in the health care system is popular for medical institutions all over the world. The problem of global multidrug resistance of pathogenic and opportunistic flora causes an urgent need for new approaches and methods of renal failure (particularly bacteriuria) rapid diagnosis.

Objectives. Evaluate the benefits of laser light-scattering method in early diagnosis of renal failure and infectious complications after kidney transplantation.

Methods. 220 urine samples from 129 patients were examined. Each sample was evaluated by traditional method and an automated laser light-scattering system simultaneously.

Results. The automated method allowed to get the result in an average of 2 hours and give a result of bacteriuria availability with indicating the class of the pathogen by Gram. Discrepancy between the results of classical and automated methods was observed in 6.8 % of all samples, which is the standard for similar clinical trials.

Conclusions. Laser light-scattering method has clear advantages over traditional methods. Diagnosis of urinary tract infections in kidney recipients in a shorter time (3.5 hours) is especially important. The economic benefit of automated process allows to reduce the costs of the hospital for bacteriological studies by 1.5 times.

In the presented study, we evaluated the efficacy of specific bacteriophage activity in vivo for resolution of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii. It was demonstrated that administration of a specific bacteriophage with high lytic activity in an hour leads to a decrease in the adhesive activity of the microorganisms. The duration of the experiment was one hour.

The article describes a clinical case of malaria in patient X., who was admitted to the medical institution of the Ministry of Defense. The patient was diagnosed with acute leukemia based on complaints and the clinical picture, followed by transferring the patient to the hematology centre of the Main Military Clinical Hospital n. a. N. N. Burdenko. In a short time, the patient was diagnosed with laboratory tests of the Department of Clinical and Hematological Research, and the diagnosis was reported to the specialists of the hematological centre. The patient was promptly provided with the necessary medical care. Due to the rare occurrence of this parasitic disease (the last case of malaria we diagnosed 10 years ago), we conducted a comprehensive study using various laboratory methods and modern hematological analyzers. All this made possible to recognize this disease, which is rare in the Moscow region, as well as in other regions of the Russian Federation, in a short period of time.

Plasmocytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a key role in immunity against most viruses, given their unparalleled ability to produce large amounts of IFN I type. Studies aimed at studying pDCs in Epstein-Barr virus infection (EBV) are still few. The outcome of EBV largely depends on the ability of the patient’s immune system to form an adequate immune defense, that provides not only a rapid recovery, but also prevents the prolonged course of the disease, leading to the development of immune deficiency and other complications. The development of effective immunorehabilitation of EBV, able to prevent the chronization of this disease, remains one of the most important areas of scientific and practical activities.

The data of scientific literature about seasonality of enterovirus infections (EVI) among the population of different climatic zones in the world were studied. It was determined that seasonal intensification of the epidemic process of EVI is widespread in warm months, which is due to biological features of enteroviruses, for whose survival in external among favorable conditions are high temperature and increased humidity.

Dispensary observation of patients with tuberculosis is the basis for the provision of TB care to the population. The data on the number of TB facilities and TB specialists from 20091 to 2018 are presented. A decrease in the incidence rate over the past 27 years is shown from 1991 to 2018 of the number of all patients under clinical supervision, including patients with tuberculosis. The data on the organization and results of the follow-up of patients with tuberculosis are presented: indicators of clinical cure and mortality, as well as the reliability of some indicators. The factors affecting the results of the follow-up of patients with tuberculosis, the presence of resistance of the office to anti-TB drugs and HIV-infection are examined.

This article discusses issues related to the use of the preservative 2-phenoxyethanol in medicine and cosmetology. The scope of this substance in various types of medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, its presence in nature, in plants such as avocados, green tea, is described. The physical properties of 2-phenoxyethanol and its mechanism of action are considered. It substantiates its content in goods in disinfectants and skin antiseptics (2 %) and perfumes and cosmetics (1 %). Potential safety issues with this substance are discussed. The absence of irritating effects on the skin, the absence of allergic reactions to the mucous membrane of the eyes, the absence of contact allergies and photosensitization, the absence of toxicity and hemolytic effect have been shown.

The processing of multiple-use medical devices (MD) between patient use is an integral part of anti-epidemic measures in a medical organization (MO) and directly affects the safety of medical services. Based on the requirements of the Sanitary Rules and Regulations 2.1.3.2630–10 it is possible to use washing and disinfecting machines for disinfection purposes. At the same time, there remains the problem of organizing the operation of the operating unit and the central medical department of the medical organization for transportation and work with MD contaminated with blood and other biological fluids.