The review article is devoted to the method of volume sphygmography (cuff based sphygmomanometry). It emphasizes the relevance of this method in modern functional diagnostics for a complex assessment of many important indicators of the cardiovascular system (blood pressure (BP), BP balance, ankle-brachial index (ABI), arterial stiffness, vascular age, parameters of pulse wave analysis (PWA)). Some domestic and foreign devices for volumetric sphygmography are described, their comparative characteristics are given.

The final lecture of this cycle considers the main approaches to drawing a conclusive report on the longitudinal electroencephalographic monitoring performed. We recommend the structure of appropriate document, including spontaneous activity of passive wakefulness, phenomenology of sleeping state, and a final clinico-electrophysiological conclusion. The algorithms for description of abnormal bioelectric activity are specially considered. An emphasis is made on the formulation algorithm of the resulting clinico-electrophysiological interpretation of the data obtained.

The early signs of bronchial obstruction in smokers - obstruction of the small airways are discussed in the article. It is shown that the more informative spirometric signs of distal obstruction are flow measured at the end of the flow-volume curve and FEF25-75 versus FEV1, FVC and FEV1/ FVC. Diagnostic value of capnometry and nitrogen washout test are shown, which make the possibility to identify changes of the respiratory zone and small airways obstruction with normal spirometric values.

The aim of the study was to assess the 12 leads ECG parameters in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), depending on the functional class (FC). Methods. In 68 patients with IPAH (10 men, 58 women, mean age 44.4 ± 11.7 years) we analyzed such parameters as the amplitude of the P wave in lead II (PII), QRS axis, amplitude of the R aVR, RV1, SV5, the sum RV1 + SV5, the type of QRS complex in lead V1and the T wave. ECG parameters were com -pared with the parameters of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP) measured by Echo. Results. All patients the SPAP was more than 40 mm Hg (mean SPAP 85.1 ± 28 mm Hg). The amplitude of PII exceeded2.5 mm in 28 cases (19 %); RaVR> 4 mm in 22 (32 %), RV1> 7 mm - 30 (44 %), SV5> 7 mm - 26 (38 %), RV1 + SV5> 11 mm - 36 (53 %), QRS axis> 90 degrees - 52 (76 %). In 13 (57 %) patients with I - II FC and in 14 (31 %) patients with III - IV FC quantitative ECG criteria were within normal limits. The index of the analyzed parameters in III-IV FC patients were significantly higher than in patients with I-II FC. In patients with I-II FC, rS type QRS was more common - in 13 (56 %); with III-IV FC - type qR - in 17 patients (38 %) and type Rs - in 16 patients (35 %). Quantitative ECG criteria had statistically significant correlations with SPAP. Conclusions. In patients with IPAH, changes of ECG parameters depended on FC. In 57 % of patients with I - II FC and 31 % of patients with III - IV FC quantitative ECG criteria were within normal limits.

Aging is a complex multifactor genetically determinant process. A variety of factors can exert an aging cerebral hemocirculation system. However, sleep respiratory disturbances impact remains poorly understood. Objective. To assess the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the state of cerebral hemodynamics in the context of premature aging. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out. The main group consisted of 42 men with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, the average age was 40.2 ± 8.6 years. The control group is represented by 30 healthy men aged 37.1 ± 11.6 years. Cerebral hemodynamics was examined by ultrasonic method at five structural and functional levels. Results. Facts of vascular wall remodeling, increasing peripheral resistance, as well as elastic properties reducing of the extra- and intracerebral arteries were revealed. Evidence of autoregulation strain was obtained. The facts confirming the violation of venous outflow are established. Conclusion. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome of can be considered as cerebral circulation system premature aging risk factor.

The problem of connective tissue dysplasia (СТD) is of increasing interest to cardiologists. The functional state of the myocardium in minor heart anomalies (MHA), which are recognized as visceral manifestations of СТD, is poorly understood, but can acquire greater clinical significance. The Tei index, being a quantitative indicator of diastolic myocardial function, allows to diagnose structural and functional changes in the heart. Purpose. To determine the diagnostic significance of the Tei index in assessing the performance of LV myocardium in persons with СТD and to choose the optimal method of its measurement. Materials and methods. 32 people with one MHA (group 1) and 45 people with two or more MHA (group 2) aged 20 to 40 years were examined, 30 healthy people were in the control group. The Tei index was measured in three ways: according to the Doppler sonography of a transmitral blood flow (D-EchoCG) and pulsive wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of the lateral (index Tei_MFAlat) and medial part (index Tei_MFAlat )of the mitral fibrous annulus. Results: the Tei index according to D-EchoCG in groups 1 and2 was 0.48±0.05 conditional units and 0,53±0,07 conditional units, which is higher than in healthy individuals (0.40±0.04 conditional unit, p<0.001). In the calculation mode, TDI showed similar dynamics. In persons with multiple MHA index Tei_MFAlat and index_MFAm was the highest, amounting to 0,51±0,09 conditional units and 0,52±0,08 conditional units, respectively, which is significantly higher than in the 1st and control groups. ROC-analysis showed that the most diagnostic value has the method of calculating the index TEI in the mode TDI of the medal part of the MFA. Conclusions: the increase of the index Tei_MFAm ≥ 0,46 conditional unit is an early marker of diastolic LV dysfunction in individuals with СТD with a sensitivity of 93.3 % and a specificity of 50 %.