The publication presents data on the epidemiology of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, an analysis of modern methods of preventing acute respiratory viral infections from the perspective of evidence-based medicine. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities of influenza vaccine prophylaxis, indications and schemes of use with the preventive purpose of anti-influenza drugs. Data on the possibilities of using interferons and their inducers for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections are presented. The section on sanitary and preventive measures reflects the main approaches and important sanitary and hygienic rules, which are still effective methods of preventing acute respiratory viral infections and influenza.

In recent years, the problem of antibiotic resistance of pathogens of nosocomial infections has taken leading positions for all medical institutions. Moreover, nosocomial strains of microorganisms of certain species, including gram-negative bacteria with multidrug resistance are spread predominantly. The aim of the study was to compare the species composition and antibiotic resistance of the main causative agents of nosocomial infection in multidisciplinary medical institutions. In the course of the work, about 5 thousand etiologically significant strains of microorganisms from patients of surgical and intensive care units, as well as more than 2 thousand isolates from hospital environment in the hospitals of various profiles in 2017 were investigated. It has been established that microbiological monitoring allows analyzing the structure of pathogens, levels of their resistance to antimicrobial drugs, as well as identifying patterns of infection spread. The obtained data will contribute to the appointment of adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy and the planning of preventive measures to prevent nosocomial infections.

The article raises the issue of the impact of the quality of pre-sterilization cleaning and disinfection on the effectiveness of sterilization, gives recommendations on the rational solution of the problem of the quality of disinfection on the basis of many years of practice and the work of the authors of the article.

Specific prevention will reduce the burden of TB at the present stage and change the demographic situation in the country.

The paper reviews foreign data on the prevalence of psoriasis in children. There is a tendency to an increase in the incidence and early debut of pathology. The results of the own epidemiological studies of psoriasis in the Chechen Republic from the years 2014 to 2016, which coincide with foreign observations and demonstrate the weighting of the clinical manifestations of psoriasis, are presented.

The safe surgical performance of the widely used invasive and therapeutic interventions, applied for the patients with medical needs, is related not only to the use of the high-quality sterile medical devices for single injections, but to the compliance with special aseptics regulations in order to rule out the possibility of any infectious complications, caused by the probable use of a non-sterile medical device, which presents the danger of microorganisms, contaminating the patients with integumentary damages. The safe surgical performance is possible due to the long-existing and properly regulated system of the medical products sterilization, given that those are produced in the sterile disposable packages. Judging by the example of the sterility control, carried out over the sample medical devices (such as intravascular catheters, venous or arterial tubes for artificial blood circulation, the set for multiple perfusion used for the partial replacement of venous vessels or the collaterals development, aimed at the blood circulation improvement once the atherosclerotic vascular disorder is diagnosed), sterilized by the hydrogen peroxide or ethylene oxide and used in cardio surgeries. It has been proved that their effective and safe use, providing medical care in medical organizations, depends on the compliance with the expiration date regulations and on the storage conditions of the devices, which allows to avoid the risk of infectious diseases.

In recent years, measles remains an urgent problem of domestic health care. It becomes particularly relevant in connection with the increase in the incidence of disease worldwide, given the high mobility of the population. For outpatient health care, the diagnostic algorithm and differential diagnosis of measles with other respiratory infections becomes particularly important. During the implementation of the measles elimination program in Russia, the full and active detection of all cases of measles acquires great importance, therefore patients with exanthematous diseases should be examined by serological methods for verification of the diagnosis with the slightest suspicion of measles.

The article presents the results of an epidemiological study of combined foci of tick-borne virus encephalitis and Siberian tick-borne typhus in the Altai Territory in the period from year 2000 to 2017. Specific features of the incidence of the population of the districts of the region living in the territories with combined foci of these infections, including the age structure of the diseased, are determined. The results of ranking the territories of the region on the potential risk of mixed infection with these infections are presented. The article gives a descriptive description of the spatial distribution of the combined foci of the tick-borne infections studied in the territory of the region.

Ln this review the results of the study of the genus Atopobium members as etiological agents of a wide range of infectious inflammatory diseases has been regarded. The ability of Atopobium spp. to cause periodontitis, vaginitis, urethritis, as well as bacteremia and sepsis was found. Among Atopobium the most well-studied is A. vaginae, which was associated with the development of such inflammatory diseases and complications, as tuboovarian abscess, endometritis, infections of the fetus, premature birth and intrauterine fetal death. A. vaginae is considered to be a highly specific marker of bacterial vaginosis. Infrequent detection of atopobium in clinical material associated with the diagnostic methods imperfections. Evaluation of the etiological role of atopobium is difficult due to a lack of objective criteria of clinical significance for species from non-sterile human locus.

An ELISA-HHV6-IgG reagent kit has been developed for determining specific class G antibodies in the format of indirect immuno-enzyme analysis. Preliminary clinical trials were performed using sera of children from 0 to 18 years old (198 pcs.), HIV-infected sera (40 pcs.) and serums of people of advanced age (from 70 years and above) (133 pcs.). A study was conducted in an ELISA with a set of reagents and its analogues in domestic (ELISA) and foreign (RIF) production, which made it possible to calculate the diagnostic informativity indicators of the developed kit according to GOST R 53022.3-2008. The obtained data allowed starting the registration of the reagent kit IFA-HHC 6-IgG for conducting a test for specific antibodies to HHV-6, establishing a seroconversion or diagnostic increase of antibodies.