The aim of the study was to study the general unsaturation of lipids (double bonds - the DS index) and the content of lipid peroxidation products (hydroperoxides and final products of lipid peroxidation) in serum in children with diabetes mellitus. 91 children aged 7-15 years, with type 1 diabetes mellitus, were examined. The control group consisted of 10 healthy children of the same age. Patients were on inpatient treatment and were examined in dynamics. The majority of patients (65 %) have LPO activation, which indicates the advisability of including membrane stabilizing and antioxidant drugs in the complex therapy. The dependence of lipid unsaturation on the degree of compensation, the duration of diabetes and the dose of insulin administered was established, which made it possible to use the DS index as a control test for the effectiveness of insulin therapy.

The introduction of the newest medical technologies, the re-equipment of medical organizations and the informatization of public health services in recent years have contributed to the rapid growth of volumes of diagnostic studies. A study was made of the resource availability and activities of diagnostic services in the Russian Federation by analyzing the reports of federal statistical forms. It is shown that in 2005-2016 years the network of medical organizations in the Russian Federation and the number of diagnostic units in them was considerably reduced, most significantly in the laboratory diagnostics (-53.25 %), functional diagnostics (-37.95 %), and radiology (-27.73 %). The number of medical personnel in the same period decreased only in the service of laboratory diagnostics, while in other sections growth was observed. An increase in the volume of diagnostic studies has been ascertained, which indicates an increased consumption of diagnostic resources. The existing system for recording the activities of diagnostic units does not allow differentiating the workload for personnel and equipment, which requires improvement of organizational and methodological approaches when collecting reporting data at the level of the federal center.

In this review it has been regarded a nosocomial pathogen Corynebacterium urealyticum with respect to its laboratory investigation, relationship to diseases including cystitis, pyelonephritis, bacteremia and sepsis. It is usually missed in routine culture because of its coryneform morphology (considered as contaminant), and it requires 48 hours of incubation to grow. It can be diagnosed using phenotypic (API Coryne, urease test) and molecular methods (RT-PCR using mycobacterial primers). Recently MALDI-TOF MS has also been used for its identification. According to the information available in the literature, C. urealyticum isolates are resistent to fi-lactams, aminoglycosides, and tetracycline.

The potential role of factor Va resistance to activated protein C in the heterozygous carriage of the FVL (1961) GA mutation is discussed for predicting the risk of venous thromboembolic complications and initiation of heparin prophylaxis in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

The Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation. The investigation of some sera samples for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is associated with the problem of results interpretation. The purpose of this study was to describe the problems that arise during the mass screening for HbsAg and to present some ways of their solution in order to prevent false results. Methods. The screening and confirming test systems (TS) for ELISA (including the state modification without the use of a stop reagent) have been applied. The results of screening in ELISA are denoted as the sample positivity coefficient, equal to the ratio of a sample optical density (OD) to the cut-off OD value (S/Co). Results and conclusions. The 545 HBsAg-positive results (1.21 % of screening) have been received by different means of research: 1) after a singular confirming research in 52.29 % of samples; 2) with the OD measurement without a stop reagent in 21.10 % of samples; 3) after diluting 100 and more times in 24.95 % of all HBsAg-positive samples. 17 samples were low-positive in screening (S/Co less than 3); 9 of them were identified as positive, which is 1.7 % of positive samples and 0.02 % of all the samples. Low-positive samples need to be investigated in TS with sensitivity higher than 0.01 ng/ml, because in those with less sensitivity the criteria of positivity aren 't carried out, and the results of blood sera samples research, including those received from pregnant women and newborn children, are interpreted as negative. This is also fair in regards to the research of samples received from the Federal system of research quality assessment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of iron and copper in patients with colorectal cancer in early postoperative period and estimate the influence of perioperative optimizational protocol on these microelements. Overall 46 patients with colorectal cancer were operated. 26 of them were managed with application of the protocol of perioperative care optimization. Plasma iron level decreased postoperatively in patients with colorectal cancer. Plasma level of copper didn’t change significantly in patients with uncomplicated colorectal cancer. Plasma copper level increase in patients with liver metastasis. Perioperative care optimization protocol contributed to normalization of plasma iron level. The evaluation of plasma copper level may be applied for the detection of liver metastasis.

The most important criterion of the effectiveness of treatment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the minimal residual disease (MRD) - the number of tumor blasts detected in the bone marrow of a patient at various stages of therapy. The main method for estimating the number of MRD cells in acute leukemia is multicolor flow cytometry, which allows to characterize up to 8-11 parameters simultaneously. The principal point is that the evaluation of the MRD in ALL is carried out directly during the chemotherapy and the bone marrow is often hypocellular and is characterized by a pronounced amount of debris destroyed cells that appear under the influence of systemic therapy. Such a dilution may lead to a distortion of the results of the evaluation of the MRD and, as a consequence, an incorrect risk of stratification of patients. Therefore, to exclude from analysis of destroyed cells and artefacts (debris), which appear under the action of systemic therapy, it is necessary to use nucleotropic dyes of the Syto family, which allows estimating the number of MRD cells within the living nucleated cells of the sample.

The article describes the clinical case of a patient with hairy cell leukemia. The importance of correct interpretation of clinical blood analysis is shown, as this analysis is a starting point in the formulation of such a serious diagnosis as lymphoproliferative disease.

Relevance. Currently, the proven relationship with the state of the upper gastrointestinal tract with changes in the mineral density of bone tissue. It is known that hormonal regulation plays a key role in the background of complicated gastroduodenal pathology. Its action on target organs hormones mediate through specific receptors, however the level of expression of receptors of steroid hormones and vitamin D in acid-related diseases of the stomach and with concomitant metabolic bone remains not enough investigated. The goal is to study the content of steroid hormone receptors and vitamin D in the duodenal mucosa in patients of different age groups with acid-related diseases of the stomach and changes in the mineral density of bone tissue. Methodology the study included two groups of men with acid-related diseases in age from 23 to 54 years (mean age 30 years) and aged 55 to 80 years (mean age 59 years). All patients underwent histological examination of mucosal 12 duodenal ulcer, immunohistochemical study of the receptors ER-a, ER-β, PR, AR, DR and glucocorticoids, hormones and vitamin D in the blood, the study of mineral bone density (BMD). The results and their analysis. In patients with reduced BMD and pathology of the organ's gastrointestinal tract (pathology was detected more than 20 years ago), vitamin D receptors (74 %), AR and Erfi-receptors, were predominantly found in gastro-biopsy specimens of the duodenum. In young patients with osteopenic syndrome (OPS) and gastrointestinal tract diseases in the duodenal mucosa, on the contrary, high expression of PR and glucocorticoid receptors is revealed, which allows treating the duodenum as the target organ for the action of these hormones. High expression of glucocorticoid receptors in the studied biopsies confirms their active role in the realization of their inherent biological effects. Presence of progesterone receptors in goblet cells and an increase in their expression in rescuers with a reduced BMD indicates the unconditional participation of progesterone in the pathogenesis of OPS formation. It is possible that PR perform a protective function. Conclusion. Especially the expression of hormone receptors in combined pathology of the digestive tract and reducing the IPC mechanisms of all these processes require further study.

It is shown that in patients with glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min./1.73 m² urinary excretion of hyaline, granular cylinders and cells of renal epithelium was significantly higher than in patients with a glomerular filtration rate which was ≥ 60 ml/min./1.73 m². The differences in the dynamics of allocation of urine sediment elements in groups indicate that the nature of the changes of urine sediment depends on the severity of the violations of the kidneys before surgery.

Immune tests that allow rapid measurement of analyte parameters can be of vital importance for the correct diagnosis of a wide range of diseases. Usually, immune technologies are reliable, but they remain vulnerable to irregular analytic errors that can seriously affect the treatment of patients. Erroneous results can occur unexpectedly with respect to any sample, however now ways of identifying samples in which problems with the reliability of the results can arise are being developed. Informing clinicians of the causes of atypical interference; transfer of information about prescription and non-prescription drugs taken by patients to the laboratory; discussion of situations when laboratory results do not coincide with the clinical picture with the participation of laboratory staff - those are the key links for minimizing irregular interference.

106 blood sera from 101 patients with dengue fever were examined by ELISA-IgG-dengue kits. Among these patients, 16 patients were diagnosed with hemorrhagic dengue fever (DHF) on the basis of a positive tourniquet test. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 30 (35.3 %) patients with DF and 9 (56.3 %) patients with DHF. However, there were no differences between platelet levels in the sera of patients with DF and DHF. Detection of IgG antibodies at the early stage of the disease in the sera of both DHF patients and DF does not support the hypothesis of a connection between the development of hemorrhagic syndrome and the previously transferred flavivirus infection. We have no found a link between the presence of thrombocytopenia in patients with dengue fever, early anti-dengue IgG and a positive tourniquet test.