Goal. To investigate dental health and oral microbiota in elderly people who use domestic care products after the completion of their sanitation.

Material and methods. The prevalence and intensity of the course of dental caries, periodontal pathology, pathology of the oral mucosa, as well as the microbiota in 96 people aged 61 to 73 years were studied using conventional research methods in dentistry in elderly patients who visited a dentist for a year according to the appealability (group 1) or were under dynamic supervision and regularly carried out individual oral hygiene with the help of domestic ASEPTA products (group 2).

Results. Individual prophylactic and hygienic measures for the care of the oral cavity, regularly carried out by elderly patients of group 2, significantly improved their dental health, contributed to the secondary prevention of periodontal diseases and a significant reduction in periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity.

Conclusion. Elderly patients who are regularly observed by a dentist with a complex of measures for the primary and secondary prevention of dental diseases carried out 2 times a year, as well as with their proper adherence to oral care, it is possible to achieve effective treatment of the pathology of hard dental tissues, remission of inflammatory pathology of periodontal disease, and also good oral hygiene, which has a positive effect on their quality of life.

Providing dental care in the 21st century is hard to imagine without implantation. As the complexity of protocols increases, so does the risk complications. Prevention and treatment of complications in implant treatment occupy an important place in complex treatment. Treatment effectiveness directly depends on the applied techniques. Antibiotic therapy is the most a common drug treatment for inflammation. But efficiency it decreases with the development of resistance of microorganisms, and preventive antibiotic prescribing has been criticized.

Elimination of aesthetic and functional tooth disorders is one of the most popular areas in the daily practice of a dentist. The desire to achieve an ideal aesthetic result plays an important role in the choice of material for restoration. Replacing lost tooth tissues in aesthetically demanding patients is a very difficult task, for the dentist and for the restoration material.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is the preferred imaging method for a comprehensive orthodontic examination. Thanks to the development of this technique, clinicians today can make most accurate measurements without fear of errors associated with projection distortion or localization of landmarks on radiographs. The quality of CBCT images gives to orthodontists the ability to analyze bone structures, teeth (even impacted teeth), and soft tissue in three dimensions. The accuracy of measurements of hard and soft tissues from CBCT images determines the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment planning. A fundamentally new approach has been proposed, which makes it possible to thoroughly study the bone tissue surrounding the tooth at the stages of planning orthodontic treatment. Аnalysis of radiation studies of patients with dentoalveolar anomalies was carried out to select the optimal treatment tactics and to control its effectiveness.

The high frequency of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in the pediatric population, its negative impact on the course of diseases of the dentoalveolar system predetermine the need to make additions to the standards of diagnosis and treatment of this category of patients. Depending on the severity of external phenotypic manifestations and laboratory, clinical and instrumental signs, among 114 adolescents 12–16 years old with general pathology, as well as the clinical symptom complex of CTD, groups with mild, moderate and severe undifferentiated dysplasia were formed. The control group consisted of 37 adolescents of the I and II health groups, matched by sex and age. The first stage of CTD diagnostics involves the identification and scoring of external dysplastic signs, the second stage of diagnostics includes an indepth clinical and instrumental examination to identify visceral CTD manifestations. It was found that the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities in combination with signs of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in adolescence exceeds the frequency of detecting dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities in children of the control group by 1.4–10.9 times. It has been proven that the most informative phenotypic signs in patients with CTD and occlusive disorders are stigmas from the maxillofacial region (anomalies in the position of the teeth, high (Gothic) palate, deformation of the Spee occlusal curve, narrowing and deformation of the dentition, anomalies of attachment of the frenum of the tongue and lips ), bone-skeletal (hypermobility of joints, flat feet, clinodactyly, osteochondrosis, poor posture, anomalies of the skull, deformities of the limbs and chest), ectodermal (hyper-extensibility of the skin, thin, easily injured skin) and muscle (hypotonia of muscles). The presence of at least six informative dysplastic signs in dental patients is an objective criterion for an unclassified CTD phenotype.

Objectives: the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gingival width with respect to the underlying bone thickness in mandibular anterior sextant.

Material and metods: 40 CBCT were included. Buccal bone thickness was measured at 3, 4.5, 6, 8 mm apical to the cement–enamel junction (CEJ). In addition, the apicoincisal gingival width was measured.

Results: at 3 mm from the cement-enamel junction, the buccal bone plate was in 69.4% of cases, the average thickness of buccal bone plate for all teeth was less than 1.0 mm, at the level of 4.5 and 6 mm in 30,6% of cases “Absence” of the external cortical plate, the thickness of which gradually increased in the apical direction (8 mm). When the efficiency is less than 2 mm, the effect of the absence of the external cortical plate according to CBCT data was more often observed.

Conclusion: in this study revealed the relationship between the gingival width and the anatomical features of the buccal bone plate.

The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the volume of dental intervention under conditions of combined endotracheal anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia of nitrous oxide in pediatric dentistry.

Materials and methods. Within the framework of this study, the results of oral cavity sanitation were analyzed in 300 patients aged 2 to 5 years. The median age was 3.7 years. The participants were divided into 2 equal samples: 150 patients underwent sanitation under general anesthesia (anesthesia group), 150 under conditions of inhalation anesthesia of nitrous oxide (sedation group). In the sedation group, there were 83 (55.3%) boys and 67 (44.7%) girls, in the anesthesia group – 89 participants (59.3%) were male, and 61 (40.7%) were female. The patients included in this study had comparable dental status. Also, when performing dental interventions in both groups, according to indications, local anesthesia was performed: children under 4 years old – lidocaine, children over 4 years old – articaine.

Results. Based on the results of the analysis of the data obtained, it was found that the number of visits required for full-fledged dental treatment was statistically significantly lower in the anesthesia group compared to the sedation group: thus, all patients who underwent combined endotracheal anesthesia required only one visit to the clinic for necessary treatment. But it was also found that the total time of dental treatment differed depending on the anesthetic aid used: in the anesthesia group, it usually took from 1 to 2 hours (in 98% of patients), during this time a complete sanitation of the oral cavity was carried out, and in the sedation group varied more widely, with half of the patients in the range from 30 minutes to 1 hour (14% and 36.7% of children, respectively), but the number of visits for complete oral cavity sanitation increased to 8.

Conclusions. In the present work, it was revealed that dental treatment under general anesthesia in children was more effective than the same treatment under conditions of inhalation anesthesia of nitrous oxide with preserved consciousness. The use of combined endotracheal anesthesia allows to reduce the number of visits to the clinic and avoid refusals from further dental treatment. General anesthesia was also more effective than sedation in terms of the number of cured teeth with caries, chronic pulpitis and extracted teeth. Nitrous oxide inhalation anesthesia provides partial retention of consciousness, is more manageable and better tolerated by children.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) performs about 2000 different movements per day, therefore it is one of the most frequently functioning joints in the human body. The causes of TMJ pathology are quite diverse and until now scientists have not come to a consensus on this issue. Partial absence of teeth is a fairly common pathology of the dentoalveolar system and occurs in 75% of the adult population. The lack of treatment for this pathology for several years leads to a spatial topographic and anatomical restructuring of the elements of the temporomandibular joint. Defects in the dentition in combination with occlusive disorders are one of the main etiological factors in the development of TMJ dysfunction. The analysis of 105 studies of domestic and foreign authors on the effect of dentition defects on the formation of TMJ dysfunction was carried out. Of these, 71 sources were included in the analysis of the article. Many authors have reliably proven the relationship between occlusal disorders, due to distally unlimited defects in the dentition, and TMJ dysfunction. In addition, it has been proven that the signs of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint are more pronounced in patients with unilateral terminal defects of the dentition.

In this article there are described urgent problems of diagnostics and treatment of xerostomia and established positions in interpretation of the term “xerostomia” and their fundamental provisions are considered. Also there is presented a survey of the different kinds of xerostomia, including discovered. The presence of existing clinical and practical problems and the absence of common exposition of xerostomia create some premises of the further explorations and development of this thematic area.

The prevalence and clinical features of multiple pyogenic granulomas of the face are discussed on the example of a clinical case. A treatment regimen for this pathology is presented and an assessment of its effectiveness is given.

Congenital clefts of the lip and palate rank second among all human malformations and are most often combined with malformations of the musculoskeletal, central nervous and cardiovascular systems. They are present in every fifth syndrome. This article analyses practical application of intraoral scanning of the oral cavity and manufacture of obturators (aligners, caps) in newborns with congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region.