The study aim was to construct linear transformations for derivation of the signals of McFee-Parungao corrected orthogonal lead system from 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG-12) and from the synthesized Frank lead system and to assess their accuracy. Sequentially recorded ECG-12 and McPhee-Parungao lead system of 195 patients were used. Linear transformations have been developed for derivation of McFee-Parungao lead system from ECG-12, as well as corrective transformations for derivation of McFee-Parungao lead system from the synthesized Frank lead system. Accuracy of orthogonal ECG and vectorcardiogram approximation and accuracy of derivation of a number of vectorcardiographic and decartographic parameters: ventricular gradient, the angle between the maximal vectors of the QRS and T loops, integral decartographic indexes of left and right ventriclular hypertrophy were assessed. These transformations provide a sufficiently accurate approximation of McPhee Parungao leads derived from ECG-12, as well as practically acceptable fidelity of secondary vectorcardiographic and decartographic parameters.

The article describes a new method for quantitative assessment of long-term heart rate variability (HRV). The method takes into account the features of sinus rhythm as a result of which appear on rhythmogram so-called double kinks. The definition of double kink of rhythmogram was done. The method for HRV analysis, which takes into account the presence of double kinks on the rhythmogram, was presented. The method was used for comparison of HRV in groups of 89 patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension and 67 healthy volunteers. It is shown that the use of the proposed method allows for a more adequate assessment of HRV over long periods of time and more accurately assess the impact of hypertension on HRV

The article presents a clinical case of diagnostics and treatment of men with severe obstructive apnea/hypopnea of sleep combined with the Pickwick syndrome. Using of modern methods of functional diagnostics: body plethysmography, polysomnography and interdisciplinary approach of medical specialists - pulmonologists, somnologists, functional diagnosists allow to specify the disturbance of respiration of the patient both during sleep and wakefulness. It is necessary to assess the sleep quality of patients to carry out opportunely modern diagnostics methods of sleep disorders and sleep apnea in the dispensary observation of patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome.

Aim. To evaluate left atrial global strain and strain rate and their correlation with mitral regurgitation severity in patients with chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation. Materials and methods. The analysis was performed in 118 patients with type Ilb ischemic mitral regurgitation according to Carpentier classification. Standard echocardiography and speckle tracking imaging were performed in order to assess left atrial global strain and strain rate. VIVID 7 Dimension (GE, Healthcare) ultrasound system and EchoPAC were used. Mitral valve (MV) geometry indices, mitral valve volumetric indices, left atrial volumes and left atrial ejection fraction were measured. Results. Left atrial strain values did not depend on mitral regurgitation severity. Left atrial global strain rate depended on mitral regur-gitation severity. The lowest values of left atrial global strain rate were presented in patients with grade 3 mitral regurgitation. Tenting of mitral leaflets correlated with left atrial global strain rate (r=-0,45; p=0,0003). Maximal left atrial volume correlated with the diameter of mitral annulus (r=0,56), coaptation depth (r=0,53), MV tenting area (r=0,56) and interpapillary muscle distance (r=0,51). Left atrial global strain and strain rate did not correlate with left atrial maximal volume and left atrial ejection fraction. Conclusions. MV tenting area, MV annular diameter, coaptation depth and coaptation heights correlate with left atrial maximal volume and global strain rate in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation. Left atrial global strain rate depends on MR grade. Left atrial strain does not correlate with MR severity.

Anomaly of coronary artery muscular bridge (MB) may cause acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death (listed in second place after hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) in young people without risk factors for coronary heart disease. The aim: 1) identification of myocardial ischemia in patients with atypical angina using a modified pharmacological stress echocardiography (MPSE); 2) to compare the informativeness of MPSE and dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in patients with MB identified by coronary angiography (CAG). Material, results: 10298 patients were examined with the help of CAG and 364 patients (3,5 %) found MB. They spent resting ECG, Holter ECG, treedmil, DSE, MPSE with nitroglycerin. Formed 3 groups of patients: 1st gr. - patients with MB (n=32) who had DSE, 2nd gr. - patients with MB (28/32 patients of 1 gr. again), which made MPSE with in combination with NG, 3rd gr. comparison - patients with atherosclerotic stenosis (n=16) who had DSE. In our study stress-induced ischemia was diagnosed in 22 of 32 (69 %) patients with isolated MB to use the standard DSE Protocol. The sensitivity of stress Echocardiography increased by 1.3 times, when dobutamine with nitroglycerin had combine. MPSE was able to revealed ischemic reaction in 26 of 28 patients with isolated MB (93 %)

Objective: Clinical evaluation of the various regimes and individual indicators echocardiography right ventricular systolic function. Results: This review discusses advantages and limitations of specific echocardiographic parameters in 1D, 2D and 3D modes, depending on their correlation with ejection fraction on MRI in determining systolic right ventricular function. Conclusion: The addition in the evaluation of right ventricular systolic function, conventional echocardiography modern technology tissue Doppler, speckle-tracking and 3D analysis extends the range of evidence, it improves the quality, objectivity, clinical and diagnostic conclusions and results of the predictive value of ultrasound.

Thalamo-cortical interactions within the framework of contemporary neurophysiology are to be regarded as the key mechanism of integral bioelectrical activity generation. According to the “thalamic” theory of alpha-rhythm generation, the frequency of burst-activity in thalamic neurons depends on their level of membrane polarization. The findings accumulated to date allow us to attribute the generation of alpha-rhythm and the theta-range oscillations on EEG to the same mechanisms. While hyperpolarized thalamic pacemaker neurons alter the frequency of their discharge activity from 10-12 Hz to 4-7 Hz. Consequently the overall EEG-activity demonstrates the decrease in frequency of predominant activity. The range of oscillation frequency between 4 and 13 Hz might be considered an “alpha-theta continuum”.

This article discusses the most common mistakes of spirometry and interpretation of results. Attention is paid to the observance of spirometry standards ATS / ERS 2005 proper testing VC, FVC, bronchodilation test. Examples of faulty research and explains the causes of errors are presented.

The main historical and technical stages of development of Holter monitoring ECG (HM) from the founder of a method Norman Holter, are presented in article up to now. The contribution of other researchers to development of a technique is noted (Bruce Del Mar, Harold Kennedy and others). Both the first main technical solutions of a method, and the modern opportunities of HM including augmentation of duration of record ECG, possibility of processing of a rhythm of heart not only with the analysis of an ECG and heart rate variability but all modern methods of an electrocardiology are reflected: Heart rate turbulence, microvolt alternation of the T wave, QT dynamicity, DC/AC analysis and others. The analysis of technological prospects of development of a method is carried out. The fact that all new technology solutions can be demanded in clinic only on the basis of their adequate clinical and physiological interpreting is essentially important.