ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СОСУДОВ
Ultrasound diagnostics used in the study of chronic venous diseases (CVD), allows you to visualize the anatomical structure of the veins of the lower extremities, the state of the valve apparatus, the spread of venous refluxes, as well as pathological processes in the lumen of the veins. The use of elastometry techniques, panoramic ultrasound scanning of the lower leg tissues made it possible to obtain objective signs of HZV and supplement the protocol of ultrasound examination of patients.
ФУНКЦИЯ ВНЕШНЕГО ДЫХАНИЯ
Spirometry is the basic method for pulmonary function evaluating but it is very dependent on the quality of performance. Currently, specialists in lung function diagnostics rely on the 2005 technical standards of spirometry, jointly developed by the American thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), adapted for our country by the Russian Respiratory Society in 2013. New technical capabilities and research studies have shown the need to improve approaches to ensuring the measurements quality. A joint task force with experience in conducting and analyzing pulmonary functional tests assigned by the ATS and ERS has significantly updated international standards to ensure quality laboratory practice. The article discusses the standards update by the 2019 consensus, as well as the new added factors that were not previously mentioned. New standards are needed for manufacturers, clinicians, functional diagnostics specialists and researchers in order to increase the accuracy of spirometric measurements and reduce the negative impact on the patient.
The article provides an overview of the technical capabilities and updated standards for the study of diffusion capacity of the lungs using diagnostic systems using rapidly responding gas analyzers (RGA analyzers — rapidly responding gas analyzers) of carbon monoxide and indicator gas, presented by a joint working group of the European Respiratory Society (ERC) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS).
НЕЙРОФИЗИОЛОГИЯ
Our aim was to determine parameters of motor evoked potential (MEP) from the tongue in healthy persons.
Methods. 25 healthy individuals (average age 22.4 ± 6.2 years, range 18–41 years, 12 females & 13 males) were enrolled. All underwent diagnostic TMS, single-pulse protocol, 90-sm round coil, Neiro-MS-D device. Coil was placed on Fz point, registration was performed by the surface electrode on the middle line of the tongue.
Results. MEP was registered in all cases, its average latency was 7.14 ± 0.63 ms, average amplitude — 1.79 ± 1.09 μV. There were no gender & age differences.
Conclusion. In healthy people aged 18–41 years MEP from the tongue may be registered in 100% of the cases; its average latency is 7.14 ± 0.63 ms, average amplitude — 1.79 ± 1.09 μV; there are no significant age & gender differences. TMS of the tongue according to this protocol is relatively simple, not time-and efforts-consuming & may be widely implemented in clinical neurophysiology.
ЭХОКАРДИОГРАФИЯ
Current review focuses on the diagnostic aspects of chronic aortic diseases, including atherosclerotic lesions and aneurysms. The diagnostic competence of echocardiography (both transthoracic and transesophageal) is considered; echocardiographic criteria for making tactical decisions are given, including indications for surgical treatment; the main parameters for dynamic assessment are determined.
Current review article focuses on the diagnostic aspects of acute aortic syndromes and traumatic injuries. In each case, the etiology of the disease, diagnostic competence of echocardiography (both transthoracic and transesophageal) are considered as the first line diagnostic mean; also diagnostic possibilities of other methods are discussed (such as CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging).
ИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ОТКРЫТИЙ
This article is a continuation of the series ‘Figurative comparisons and eponyms in functional diagnostics’ systematized figurative comparisons and eponyms used in echocardiography. The contribution of great scientists to medicine is reflected here. They left their names in the name of the medical terms that they discovered (the names of diseases and syndromes, normal and pathological structures of the heart) in the form of eponymous names: Doppler, Menkeberg, Lambl Eustachio, Chiari, Valsalva, Fallo, Ebstein, Botallo, Lutembacher, Marfan, Barlow and others. Figurative comparisons are also described: ‘fish mouth’, ‘mercedes’, ‘smiley’, ‘hockey stick’, ‘dagger’, ‘scream of a seagull’, ‘candle flame’, ‘bull’s eye’, ‘snow storm’, etc. The terms given in the article have not only scientific, but also applied meaning. The terms will be useful and interesting to medical students, residents graduate students and practical doctors (doctors of functional and ultrasound diagnostics, cardiologists). This article will help test and possibly update their knowledge.
ISSN 2949-2807 (Online)