Objective. To study and analyze the level of markers of apoptosis of annexin A5 (AnxA5) and Bcl‑2 in patients with past myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP), depending on the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) of a constant form.

Materials and methods. It were examined 43 patients with past MI and 47 patients with ICMP. All patients are divided into subgroups depending on the presence of AF of a constant form (patients with right heart rate and with AF a constant form). As a comparison group, 30 somatically healthy individuals were examined. Plasma levels of Bcl‑2 and AnxA5 in all examined individuals were determined by enzyme immunoassay.

Results. Statistically significant changes in the level of AnxA5 and Bcl‑2 were revealed in all examined patients compared with somatically healthy individuals. It was found that the level of AnxA5 was statistically significantly higher in patients with AF constant form compared with patients with right heart rate and statistically significantly higher in patients with ICMP in the corresponding subgroups (patients with right heart rate and AF constant form) compared with patients with MI. The level of Bcl‑2 was statistically significantly lower in patients with AF constant form compared with patients with right heart rate and statistically significantly lower in patients with ICMP in the corresponding subgroups (patients with the correct rhythm and AF constant form) compared with patients with MI. According to the results of the correlation analysis, statistically significant positive (AnxA5) and negative (Bcl‑2) correlations between the level of apoptosis markers and the duration in the history of AF of a constant form were revealed in all examined patients.

Conclusion. More pronounced changes in the level of apoptosis markers were detected in patients with ICMP, compared with patients with previous MI in both the subgroup of patients with with right heart rate and the subgroup of patients with AF with a constant form. All the examined patients in the subgroup of patients with AF have a constant form, the severity of changes in the level of studied markers of apoptosis is higher than in patients in the subgroup with right heart rate. The results of the correlation analysis indicate the presence of correlations between the level of markers of apoptosis AnxA5 and Bcl‑2 and the duration of AF of a constant form in the anamnesis in patients with past MI and ICMP.

The review considers the evolutionary process of development of the world economy, which implies the need and inevitability of the implementation of quality management system in all areas of production and services, in particular health care to improve the efficiency and quality of care and increase patient satisfaction in the quality and volume of services received.

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are a heterogenous group of auto‑ antibodies that interact with phospholipids (PL), phospholipid‑protein complexes and phospholipid‑binding proteins. aPLs are pathogenic and associated with the development of thrombosis and pregnancy pathology. The detection of aPLs as a diagnostic indicator is included in the criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) SLISS 2012. Also, aPLs is found in patients with other autoimmune, infectious diseases and cancer, in 10–12 % of elderly and 1–5 % healthy young people, but do not lead to the development of thrombosis and/or miscarriage. Simultaneous detection of aPLs with different tests indicate bad prognosis and a higher risk of clinical manifestation of APS. Triple positivity for classical markers of disease is found in patients with oncoming thrombosis. Another concept is the Global APS Score (GAPSS) that also takes into account the aPL profile as well as conventional cardiovascular risk factor and also some autoantibodies found in systemic disease. Currently, enzyme‑linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA) are most widely used test for detection of aPLs. The advantage of new methods for detecting aPLs is to improve the parameters of sorption of antigens, automation, multiplex approach. Thus, new techniques can serve as a tool for the detection of aPLs and contribute to improving the quality of diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.

The purpose of the study was to offer an alternative algorithm for analysis of LC‑spectra for non‑invasive diagnosis of oropharyngeal samples flushing.

Materials and methods. The study included 23 patients with gallstone disease, 22 patients with urolithiasis, 22 patients with salivary stone disease, 4 patients with abundant dental sediments and 13 persons in the control group. Materials for research were serum and oropharyngeal washout. Research conducted by laser correlation spectroscopy in laser spectroscopy correlation computerized LCS‑03‑”INTOX”.

The results. In the study of systems with unbalanced anisotropic nanoparticles should be no stray light to the square of the particle and its linear size indicators each channel light scattering, spectrum is divided into the radius of the particles corresponding to this channel and in future all newly obtained spectrum is converted to 1. To reduce the dimensionality of the data analysis was carried out of the whole array of spectra of SC and LC–CSG principal component method (CC) with varimax ro‑ tation (et). In both types of spectrum first 12 GK explained more than 96 % of the variance, the remaining 4 % were accepted as the noise component. Top values on the basis of values of factor loadings CC has compiled a algorithm to convert primary 32‑channel spectra LKS in 12‑band by calculating light scattering totals in each range and their normalization relative to the total on all of the flare 12 fixed ranges, received for the 1 (100 %) with the help of several successive stages of the LST with step by step inclusion of variables applied to spectra LKS SC and CSG patients with biomineralopathy can be fairly effective discrimination against diseases as from healthy individuals, and among themselves.

Conclusion. The algorithm processing LC‑spectra of SC and CSG, including rationing by the number of particles of light scattering spectra, the reducer dimension range from 32 to 12 and consistent classification of diseases by methods of linear discriminant analysis. Developed classification rules allow to diagnose diseases on the newly obtained samples of blood serum and/or CSG. Since the LST and GCF serum gives similar results to the classification based on ‘Disease’, for diagnostic purposes you can do only the CSG analysis without blood sampling, however, the LST for the serum and the CSG allows you to increase the power classification on the basis of ‘Disease’ compared to the analysis of these same data separately.

Cardiovascular diseases in Russia are leading in the structure of total mortality. Atherosclerosis is considered a progressive inflammatory systemic disease. The role of endothelium in the development of the atherosclerotic process is described in detail. The main functions of endotheliocytes are normal and in various pathological conditions. The main markers of endothelial dysfunction are presented. Data on the development of the atherosclerotic process in time, risk factors are presented. Local and systemic risk factors for atherosclerosis are highlighted. Own data on the frequency of occurrence of atherosclerotic changes in the main vessels of the head in young people (up to 45 years) based on the results of ultrasonic duplex scanning during professional examinations are presented. The main directions of correction of endothelial dysfunction are described.

The aim of this study is to identify clinical and biochemical predictors of neurological disorders in adolescents who have suffered mild perinatal damage of the central nervous system. We examined 120 adolescents (62 girls and 58 boys) aged 13–16 years, who were hospitalized in the city Children’s Neurological Department. It was found that adolescents with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system, activated lipid peroxidation processes and revealed an increase in the concentration of protein S 100, which in the future could lead to the development of neurodegeneration processes. In addition, a positive correlation between the lipid peroxidation processes nd the concentration of the nerve tissue damage marker was revealed. The results indicate that the level of neurospecific protein — protein S 100, parameters of the oxidant‑antioxidant system, perinatal factors can be used as predictors of chronic nervous tissue processes.

The diagnosis and treatment of orofacial pain is in many cases a complex task due to difficulties in history taking, multi‑faceted pathology, psychiatric comorbidities and psychosocial factors involved in such pain. Neurologists tend to overdiagnose trigeminal neuralgia. However, other types of neuropathiс orofacial pain are also common. Moreover, neurologists are often unfamiliar with the temporomandibular disorder and tend to neglect this extremely prevalent cause of orofacial pain. Correct understanding of the causes of orofacial pain is vital not only for treatment selection, but also to minimize the risk of adverse events associated with unnecessary madications. Moreover, untreated orofacial pain often becomes chronic and treatment resistant. Many patients in this case would require physical therapy, pharmacological treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy and other support options. The aim of this paper is to review the new International classification of orofacial pain as well as the prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment of the temporomandibular disorder, trigeminal neuralgia, persistent idiopathic facial pain, burning mouth syndrome and other forms of orofacial pain.

There was shown that therapeutic drug monitoring by liquid tandem mass spectrometry is essential not only for the drugs with a narrow therapeutic window but also for “simple” medicines like anti‑hypertension and anticoagulant drugs. The examples of choosing an individual therapy and adjusting the drug dosage to eliminate side effects were given. The cases of solving non‑standard situations that arise during bioanalytical studies were considered.

Biochemical studies of alternative human biological fluids are not common in laboratory practice due to the lack of validation methods. The aim of the study was to validatе on semen plasma routine biochemical research methods using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The studies were carried out on a Cobas Integra 400 plus automatic biochemical analyzer (Roche, Switzerland) using original Roche reagents (Switzerland). Materials for the study were 30 samples of semen plasma obtained from clinically healthy men of reproductive age. Planning and organization of validation activities were carried out in accordance with GOST ISO 15189–2015. The functional characteristics of the methods were determined in accordance with Order 45 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation «On a system of measures to improve the quality of clinical laboratory research in healthcare facilities of the Russian Federation», and protocols of the CLSI Institute of Clinical Laboratory Standards (USA). It was possible to establish acceptable levels of linearity, precision and specificity for 31 of the 33 analytes studied. Also, the necessary dilution for 12 analytes was established empirically. Establishing the analytical reliability of biochemical methods for studying semen plasma opens up new possibilities for studying the metabolic characteristics of this biological fluid, and therefore expands the range of possibilities for its use as an object of laboratory research.