Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Despite of dramatic improvement during last decades in rituximab-era, 30 % of patients are still resistant to initial therapy. Molecular genetics made significant contribution in our understanding of pathogenesis of disease, genetic and epigenetic disorders which have direct impact on cell’s growth, differentiation and immune response. This allowed distinguishing more aggressive subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which can potentially benefit from early-treatment intensification. In this review, we will discuss immunohistochemical and molecular features of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its impact on course, prognosis and response to therapy.

Late radiation injuries that occur after a significant period from the moment of completion of the radiation treatment can affect any anatomical structure within the irradiated area and thereby significantly impair the quality of life of cancer patients. Modern technologies of radiation therapy and scientifically based dose fractionation modes of radiation exposure have contributed to a significant reduction in the incidence of late radiation damage, but the risk of their appearance remains. The review presents literature data on both the treatment and the possibilities of drug prevention of late radiation damage, such as radio-induced soft tissue fibrosis.

Despite the development of new systems for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (mBC), chemotherapy remains an integral and significant stage of treatment for any molecular tumor subtype. In accordance with modern concepts, the optimal strategy of therapy in the vast majority of cases of mBC is the sequential administration of cytostatics in mono modes. This approach allows long-term control of tumor growth, translating pathology into a chronic discharge and maintaining a high quality of life. The emergence of new drugs or innovative dosage forms of existing cytostatics expands the possibilities of treatment of this chronic disease and allows long-term control over the disease. One of such new options was nab-paclitaxel, nano-dispersed paclitaxel stabilized with albumin. This dosage form provides active transport of the drug through the vascular endothelium with the creation of its high concentration in the tumor tissue. Clinical studies comparing nab-paclitaxel with traditional taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) demonstrated high efficacy and safety of the drug both in a wide population of patients and in individual subgroups, including patients previously treated with anthracycline taxane, cases with aggressive disease, lesions of visceral organs, elderly patients and others. In addition, due to its unique formula, the drug does not cause hypersensitivity reactions, differing from traditional These taxanes are easy to use and safe. The lack of need for premedication with dexamethasone allows it to be prescribed for such comorbidities as severe hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer, etc., and also successfully combine it with inhibitors of control points of the immune response, which confidently removes the drug on arena of immuno-oncology.

We present the comparative study of plasma chromogranin A (CgA) levels measured in 232 patients with different types of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and 66 healthy individuals using enzyme immunoassay Chromogranin A ELISA kit (Dako). CgA levels were significantly higher in patients with all types of NETs than in healthy subjects. CgA secretion were highly variable. The study demonstrate high diagnostic sensitivity of CgA, which was 80.6 % in overall group of NETs with specificity 98.5 %. We confirmed the prognostic significance of CgA, in this case the high basal levels of CgA (above 100 U/l) were significantly associated with less favorable prognosis of progression free survival after different types of treatment. The data confirms high efficiency of CgA as biomarker, which measurement enhances the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis of NETs.

Positron emission tomography combined with computer tomography (PET/CT) is considered as a noninvasive method for evaluation in lung cancer. SUVmax provides information on biological aggressiveness, key pathological features and potential of tumor spread. However, standardized and generally accepted criteria for determining malignant and benign lymph nodes do not exist, which is a common problem for molecular diagnostics physicians and generates clinical demand, since the standardization of these criteria has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, comparability between research and a general understanding by clinicians. To this end, we tried to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the maximum standardized absorption value (SUVmax) for mediastinal lymph nodes, compare the ability to predict mediastinal malignancy: SUVmax, the ratio of SUVmax l node to SUVmax of the primary tumor (SUVmaxN/SUVmaxT), and also SUVmaxN/SUVmaxT multiplied by maximum tumor diameter (SUV index).

The main aim of activity Chair Oncology and Hematology RUDN University is improving of the level of postgraduate education for clinical oncologists, according to international standards using modern information technologies. Now we fulfill 14 educational programs, including elements of distant access for clinical oncologists, general practitioners and other specialists. In process of learning courses more than 850 listeners from 26 Russian Federation towns and other countries mastered a new professional oncological competences and skills. Our Chair organized and led 32 master classes, 11 conferences. We took part in 102 scientific events, published 88 scientific articles and thesises. In June 2019 the first listeners passed a new examination system -primary specialists accreditation.

Introduction. The increase in the number of cured patients with squamous cell anal carcinoma and the quality of life is directly related to the improvement of radiotherapy departments technical equipment in oncological clinics.

Purpose. One of the main tasks of improving technics and technology is reducting duration of chemoradiation therapy, and also number and duration of interruptions, plus more accurate determination of the tumor volume by using modern diagnostic methods, such as MRI, and creating the possibility of maximum impact on the tumor and identified affected lymph nodes while limiting dose to organs at risk.

Materials and methods. During the period from 2000 to 2015 year, 301 patients with squamous cell anal carcinoma, stage T1–4N 0–3M0–1, were treated by radiation therapy with 2D-RT, 3D-CRT, or IMRT in a total dose of 50–60 Gy, in combination with chemotherapy and local hyperthermia.

Results. The use of IMRT with MRI in comparison with 3D-CRT resulted in an increase of frequency of complete tumor response (at the time of first diagnostic control) up to 67.5 % (p = 0.071); reduction of frequency of interruptions in the treatment course up to 48 % (p = 0.005); significantly increased the 3-year overall survival rate to 92.9 % (p = 0.050), distant metastases — free survival — 91.0 % (p = 0.049), with a trend of improvement in locoregional control — 89.9 % (p = 0.179).

Conclusions. The use of radiation therapy in its modern version, modern methods of visualization of tumor lesions and critical structures has reduced the interruptions in the course of treatment, achieved high immediate and long-term oncological results.

An own experience of effective treatment of a patient with a disseminated form of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a preparation from the group of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib) is presented.

Relevance. Therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors is still a complex problem of modern oncology. Since 2001, a breakthrough has occurred in the treatment of patients with GISTO due to the successful use of a targeted drug from the group of tyrosine kinase inhibitors — imatinib, which is effective in the first line of inoperable and / or metastatic GISTs, and is also used for the neoadjuvant, adjuvant therapy of localized GISTs. The lack of response to therapy and, consequently, the progression of the disease, may be associated with a decrease in the therapeutic concentration of imatinib in the blood plasma. Determining the concentration of active metabolites of imatinib in the serum allows timely identification of potential causes of insufficient response to therapy and individual correction of the dose of the drug.

Materials and methods. In order to determine the significance of the correlation between increasing / decreasing the dose of imatinib and achieving a therapeutic response, we used a laboratory method of high performance liquid chromatography to determine the concentration of imatinib in serum.

Conclusion. Determination of the reduced concentration of active metabolites of imatinib in the blood plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with the detection of tandem mass spectrometry in a patient with disseminated form of GIST allowed to correct the dose of the drug and achieve a positive effect.

Chemoradiotherapy is the cornerstone in the treatment of patients with locally advanced lung cancer. However, according to official statistics in Russia, such treatment is extremely rare, despite the fact that the primary locally advanced lung cancer is detected in more than 30 % of cases. One of the most frequent obstacles for the wider use of chemoradiotherapy is its high toxicity for patients with intrathoracic tumors. This review presents the most common complications and methods for their prevention, treatment and control.