This article provides recommendations for rational management of IHS problems, based on the practical work of the authors and their publications.

The purpose of this research was a comparative study of the efficiency of the filter membranes synthesized from different materials with different properties and average diameter of pores, to improve the sample preparation of water and the detection of intestinal bacteria. The results of experimental research give us grounds to recommend to the filtration membranes of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate with an average diameter of pores 0.45 μm in the practice of water quality control for the determination of Escherichia coli bacterial culture on a dense nutrient medium with the membrane filtration method.

Early detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis constitutes one of the most urgent problems of modern health care. Skin immunological tests play a significant role in reducing the burden of TB in the Russian Federation, including for the timely organization and conduct of preventive and anti-epidemic measures

A new original domestic kit of reagents Line-Blot HH-profile (kit No. 1 - IgG and kit No. 2 - IgM) was developed to determine antibodies to the main pathogens of herpesvirus infections (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, CMV). Preliminary clinical trials were carried out using 319 blood serum-bloodstreams of HIV-infected (128), pregnant (86) and individuals undergoing treatment or diagnostic examination (105). For each infection, a study was carried out in ELISA and linear immunoblotting with a new set of reagents and its analogues of German production, which made it possible to calculate the indices of the diagnostic information of the developed set in accordance with GOST R 53022.3-2008. The data obtained allowed the registration of a new set of Line-Blot-HBV-profile reagents for synchronous screening of monospecific antibodies to each of the main pathogens of herpesvirus infections, establishing the activity of the infectious process and the timing of infection by some of them.

Respiratory infections (acute respiratory infections [ARI], acute bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.), infections opf skin and subcutaneous tissue (pyoderma) are the most relevant for conscripts in training units of the armed forces. The most common complication of ARI is community-acquired pneumonia, which severe course leads to an unfavorable outcome. In the first period of military service in several military units pyoderma sicken up to a third of the personnel. The factors of military service and a significant reduction in immunoresistance body of recruits contribute to the high incidence of ilness. The use of herbal drug Carmolis drops prophylactically can significantly reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections in military personnel in 2.0-3.3 times. There was also a reduction in the incidence of pneumonia in 2.3-3.0 times, tonsillitis in 3.2-6.8 times, pyoderma in 1.8-2.9 times. Carmolis drops has a pronounced non-specific protective effect and resistance to respiratory diseases and pyoderma due to increasing general nonspecific resistance of the organism, preventing significant economic damage. The drug can be recommended for prevention of ARI and pyodermas in groups of troops prior to their seasonal breaks.

Throughout the world, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. are the most commonly identified causative infective agents in patients of emergency hospitals. It has been studied the frequency of their detection in our emergency hospital in year 2016. Thus, the detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 63,4 % and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (MRCNS) was 81 %. All the strains were sensitive to linezolid. In addition, 71,1 % of MRSA and 100 % of MRCNS were sensitive to vancomycin; 71,4 % of MRSA and 83,3 % of MRCNS were sensitive to daptomycin; 37,1 % of MRSA were sensitive to ceftaroline.

Antibiotic resistance remains a leading public health problem for several years. Most recently, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus etc. Antibiotic resistance is no longer passed on primarily in-hospital. On the contrary, patients come to the hospital as carriers of bacteria that are resistant to antibacterial agents. We compared the drug resistance of microorganisms and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in stationary and ambulatory institutions. Was carried out parallel independent survey of 123 hospitalized patients with different pathologies with purulent-septic complications and 103 out-patients in a clinic with various pathologies of the gastrointestinal (66 persons) and urogenital tract (37 people). In cultures the greatest resistance was found to cephalosporins and penicillins: Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 100 %. The least antibiotic resistance in cultures were Enterobacter, E. faecalis, Enterococcus up to 25-30 %. One patient identified a gene MEC-A in the absence of S. aureus by the methods of bacteriology and molecular gene diagnostic, and when sowing visuals Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Another intriguing result was the correlation of occurrence rate of the gene of resistance to cephalosporins CFX-M: Escherichia coli > Staphylococcus aureus > Staphylococcus epidermidis (p = 0.0206). Thus, the conducted work showed high incidence of resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus regardless of the conditions of the hospital and clinic. In this case the genes of resistance in hospitals and clinics are different. Particularly noteworthy are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae microorganisms as providing a possible horizontal transmission of resistance genes.

During last decades, members of the genus acinetobacter cause serious nosocomial infections especially in intensive care units. The main sites of infection localization were the respiratory tract, blood-stream, surgical wounds. Data analysis showed an increase in the number of Acinetobacter spp. from 15,8 to 21,7 % in 2010 and 2015 respectively. All strains were resistant to most antibiotics and to carbapenems, too. Multiresistant hospital acquired bacteria, including acinetobacter, represent a serious public health issue rather than an individual hospital problem, and it would require an intensive coordinated effort to be effectively addressed.

In this paper we presented data on the frequency of endogenous bacteriophages isolation from blood of patients with a burn injury (from the blood of survivors and dead patients with bacteremia and sepsis). The results of bacteriophages isolation from the blood, dressings and urine were also compared.