In each health organization is circulating these or other microorganisms that pose a threat to the development of infections associated with health care (HCAI) in patients. The level of colonization of hospital facilities with bacteriological methods of research is from 5 to 36 %. Diagnostic possibilities of molecular genetic methods in epidemiology are not limited by their use to identify the sources of infection and transmission factors of the pathogen during epidemic outbreaks. Objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of bacteriological and molecular genetic methods in epidemiological surveillance of ISMP in the hospital. Materials and methods: a comprehensive laboratory examination of patients of the Hematology Department at admission and discharge, employees of the Hematology Department, as well as objects of the in-hospital environment of surgical, intensive care, Hematology departments of a large multidisciplinary clinic was conducted during 2017. The study Included 13 patients (loci: oropharynx, nose, intestines), 7 employees (loci: oropharynx, nose), as well as 215 samples of washouts from the objects of the in-hospital environment. Results and discussion: microbial contamination of objects in the hospital environment was 54.0 % during bacteriological examination. In 80.0 % of cases, the DNA of microorganisms was found during the molecular genetic study. A strong direct correlation (r = 0.92) was found between the frequency of microorganisms and the DNA of microorganisms in various departments. The coincidence of the results of the two methods of research in most cases was noted at high values of DNA copies (800-10 000). In molecular genetic diagnostic methods in 1.9 times more prevalent gene MRS and 26.0 % of swabs detected MBL genes. All patients for admission at least one locus selected gene mec A. At discharge, the number of loci of patients, of which mec a was allocated, increased by 1.4 times. With the help of molecular genetic methods the epidemiological link of microorganisms circulating in the Hematology Department was established:S. aureus, CNS. Genes of MBL and carbapenemase were revealed both from employees of the Department and from objects of the in-hospital environment.

Background. The health care-associated infection in the hospital unit is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in high-tech surgery and transplantology. Objectives. Analysis of special literature devoted to the problem of health care-associated infections and the importance of its prevention measures for patients of surgical departments, as well as the role of the bacterial state of the skin as an independent risk factor for postoperative bacteremia and mortality (based on our own findings). Methods. Analysis of the literature provided by PubMed resource in the period from year 2015 to 2017 on the relevant issues. A retrospective analysis of daily blood samples and swabs from the skin of patients after heart transplantation in the period from year 2013 to 2017. The criterion of group separation - the presence or absence of skin contamination. Results. 45 articles were selected. According to own data, 87 (76.3 %) of 114 cases of contamination were registered in the intensive care unit. The mortality and bacterial blood infection levels in the case of skin contamination were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Constant routine skin monitoring of its bacteriological condition is a necessary measure to reduce infectious complications.

The article gives information about the most common pathogens in obstetric hospitals. The main problems of room disinfection are reviewed. It is shown that the modern method of air and surface disinfection with high-power sources of germicidal UV-C radiation reduces microbial contamination and reduces the risk of infection for patients.

The article gives recommendations on sanitary and antiepidemic (preventive) measures ensuring epidemiological safety of non-sterile endoscopic interventions on the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and hearing in accordance with the sanitary rules of SP 3.1.3263-15 "Prevention of infectious diseases in endoscopic interventions".

The treatment of medical products between applications in patients requires careful execution and is determined by a number of sanitary rules. In particular, the processing of laparoscopic equipment is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 3.1.3263-15 and SanPiN 2.1.3. 2630-10. When processing laparoscopic equipment in the sterilization department, according to the requirements of SP 3.1.3263-15, preliminary cleaning, pre-sterilization cleaning with disinfection, sterilization and storage in conditions that exclude re-infection is required. The processing of the endosurgical instrument has a number of significant features, radically differentiating it from the treatment of conventional instruments for performing open surgical procedures. These features are associated primarily with the shape of the processed products and materials used in the construction of the latter. The proposed material combines knowledge of processing, confirmed by many years of practical work on the processing of endosurgical instruments.

The article raises the issue of the impact of the quality of pre-sterilization cleaning and disinfection on the effectiveness of sterilization, gives recommendations on the rational solution of the problem of the quality of disinfection on the basis of many years of practice and the work of the authors of the article.

In the presence of high level of total bloodborne infections prevalence within the territory of Russia, the necessity of providing safety precautions for operating surgeons is constantly growing. The authors substantiate the importance of raising the level of epidemiologically effective prevention methods - express tests on bloodborne infections which help to carry out tests for all urgent patients admitted to surgical service hospitals, as well as double gloves with puncture indication to be used during surgeries of infected patients and emergency surgeries.

The article assesses the epidemiologic situation of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections among the national servicemen deployed on various territories of the Central military district. The influenza epidemiologic situation was characterized. It was found that the structure of the respiratory infection morbidity in the troops deployed at various territories has heterogeneous patterns.

The epidemic situation with tuberculosis in the Russian Federation has somewhat improved, but remains tense. The factors influencing the course of the epidemic process of tuberculosis infection and its reliability were studied: the standard of living of the population, the timely detection of tuberculosis patients, the quality of treatment of patients with tuberculosis, HIV-infection and the resistance of MBT to medicines. From year 2005 to 2016, the death rate of the population from tuberculosis decreased 2.9 times. The death rate of the population from tuberculosis is in some cases unreasonably understated due to the incorrect definition of the main cause of death. The use of the preparation Diascintest' for mass examinations of children and adolescents does not allow timely diagnosing active tuberculosis in almost 30 % of children and 20 % of teenagers from the number of children detected using Mantoux test.

Tuberculosis is an infection suffered by many HIV-infected patients. Such patients are of high priority in all countries including Russia. In order to increase the efficiency of tuberculosis care for HIV-infected patients and determinate best official work practices, we have investigated a group of HIV/TB patients and actual work practices in Russian medical departments. When designing effective work patterns in order to best assist HIV/TB patients, we have to take into account many factors. They are specificity working with immunodeficiency TB-patients, the importance of anti-epidemic requirements and, finally, the social and financial difficulties that such patients experience.

The article presents the problem and toxoplasmosis as the main aspects for its consideration: toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients, toxoplasmosis in HIV patients, toxoplasmosis in organ recipients. Discusses the clinical and immunological features of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, given the characteristics of toxoplasmosis encephalitis in HIV-patients.

The aim of the work was to study the indices of the diagnostic effectiveness of the indirect immunofluorescence (RIF) reaction for the detection of treponemospecific immunoglobulins of class G and M (IgG and IgM) in syphilis patients. Among sexually transmitted infections (STIs), syphilis is characterized by the most severe clinical manifestations with the defeat of almost all systems of human organs, which significantly reduces the quality of life of the patient and often pose a danger to his life. The immunofluorescence reaction is currently one of the most sensitive and demanded studies for diagnosing syphilis. The RIF is highly sensitive at all stages of an actively developing infection, beginning with the incubation period (RIF-IgM variants) and ending with late syphilis. The study in the RIF with the ‘Antipallidum-Fluorogen-IgM/IgG’ kits can be used as confirmatory tests for latent syphilis, as an expert method.