The article is devoted to the consideration of modern provisions on the possible risks of modern menopausal hormone therapy its benefits with its timely debut, individual choice and long-term use with dose minimization.

An adequate supply of vitamins and minerals is of fundamental importance for maintaining a physiological pregnancy, preventing of chronic inflammation, obesity and congenital malformations. An important issue is the choice of vifamin-mineral complexes (VMC) which would provide the most effective nutritional support for pregnancy. In this paper, we present the results of the analysis of the sample of pregnant women (n = 1,251) from the IMBD (Microelement Institute database). Among the participants surveyed, only 33.1 % (n = 414) took certain VMCs. Comparison of the pregnancy outcomes was performed among the women receiving folic acid (n = 126), Elevit Pronatal (n = 133), Femibion Natalcare 1,2 (n = 132) and preparations based on ferrous sulfate (n = 37). Intake of Elevit Pronatal was associated with a significantly lower incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as complications of pregnancy (P = 0.0001), nausea (P = 0.0001), anemia of pregnant women (P = 0.0202), skin rashes and pruritus (P = 0.0420), constipation P = 0.0230) and fetal pathologies (P = 0.0001). In general, the intake of Elevit Pronatal for at least 6 months corresponded to a significant reduction in the risk of complications of pregnancy and of fetal malformations. Based on the results of the study, a set of logical rules and a verified scoring scale were obtained in order to predict the normal course of pregnancy on the basis of medical history of a patient.

The aim of this review was to assess the studies that evaluated the relationship between vitamin D and fertility in women and in animals. А systematic literature search рerformed in Pubmed. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are found in reproductive tissues of women and men. VDR knockout mice have significant gonadal insufficiency, ovary and uterus. Moreover, we present evidence that vitamin D is involved in female reproduction including IVF outcome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In PCOS women, low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are associated with obesity, metabolic, and endocrine disturbances and vitamin D supplementation might improve menstrual frequency and metabolic disturbances in those women. Moreover, vitamin D might influence steroidogenesis of sex hormones (estradiol and progesterone) in healthy women and high 25(OH)D levels might be associated with endometriosis.

The age factor plays an important role during pregnancy. Quite often childbirth in the late reproductive period ends early. One of the main reasons for it is the isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI). Because of it we have watch the course of pregnancy and childbirth at 62 women of different age groups and have revealed that in the late reproductive period the number of premature birth was 52,9 % that is much higher in comparison with women of other age groups. The sufficient efficiency of use obstetric a pessary for correction of ICI.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis and obesity are two metabolic diseases, the prevalence of which has increased in recent decades. In part, this may be due to the global aging’ of the population of many countries in the world. These two disorders, previously considered mutually exclusive, have a number of characteristics and represent a range of problems for clinicians. Both diseases have a genetic basis and are susceptible to various environmental influences; they begin at a young age, although the development of a complete clinical picture can take decades, associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and both can be present in one patient at the same time, multiplying their pathological impact many times.

One of the most important problems of modern obstetrics is the prevention of a complicated course of pregnancy, childbirth and reproductive losses. This problem does not lose relevance due to the high risk of sudden massive uterine bleeding in any period of pregnancy, which creates a threat of maternal and perinatal mortality, requires emergency surgical delivery. The study evaluated a number of socio-biological risk factors in patients, the characteristics of pregnancy, delivery, perinatal outcomes with placenta previa.