Relevance. During the COVID‑19 pandemic, accompanied by the registration of a large number of foci in dormitories, it is important to have a clear idea of the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures (PM), which are one of the main ways to combat outbreaks and the pandemic itself.
The purpose of the study. Scientific substantiation of the effectiveness of PM in the fight against the focal incidence of COVID‑19 in dormitories of a separate type.
Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the course of the epidemic process (EP) in 5 representative COVID‑19 foci, depending on the PM undertaken, was carried out. The statistical hypothesis was tested with the definition of the criterion t (p ≤ 0.05).
Results and discussion. Epidemiological analysis showed that the severity of the course of the COVID‑19 EP in dormitories was in direct statistical dependence on the volume of PM undertaken. The absence of the introduction of PM at the stage of the formation of the focus contributed to the rapid spread of the virus among residents on all floors of the hostel. EP in these dormitories was characterized by a chronic course with a high incidence rate. The introduction of the PM complex during the registration of the first cases of infection guaranteed to prevent the formation of a large focus and contributed to its timely localization.
Conclusion. Based on the studies conducted and the results obtained, it should be noted that PM is the main method of combating focal morbidity in dormitories in Moscow.

Approaches based on the analysis of internet search query data can be important for understanding public reaction and conducting disease surveillance. One of these tools may be the Yandex.Wordstat service. In addition to near-universal public access to search services and the ability to collect real-time data, many users search information in the internet before visiting a doctor, which makes it possible to better capture the onset of diseases, the processes associated with them and the reaction of society.
The aim of our retrospective, descriptive study of COVID‑19 in Russia is to use Yandex.Wordstat to describe the symptoms of the disease and complications based on search queries, as well as their relationship to the public interest in prevention measures, testing for COVID‑19.
Methods. We used the Yandex.Wordstat service, a public online system for tracking search queries by week in the Yandex search engine. Requests to Yandex in Russia were analyzed from 08/10/2020 to 11/28/2021. We initially compiled a list of 61 search terms in the following categories: common symptoms of COVID‑19, complications, testing, drug use, preventive measures, medical care, allergies.
Results. Search terms related to symptoms, testing, and drugs closely correlate with reported cases of COVID‑19 in Russia, which indicates the need for further research on the potential use of the Yandex service as a disease surveillance tool.

The article presents the results of an observational study to evaluate the effectiveness of COVID‑19 therapy.
The aim of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of etiotropic therapy in outpatient patients with COVID‑19.
Materials and methods. The study included 244 patients with COVID‑19. According to etiotropic starting therapy from the first week of the disease, patients were divided into 3 groups: those who received favipiravir, umifenovir and those who did not receive antiviral agents.
Results. The median time and interquartile interval before virus elimination while taking favipiravir was 3 (3.0; 5.0) days, among those taking umifenovir – 5 (3.0; 7.0) days, without antiviral therapy – 8 (7.0; 10.0) days. More often, by day 7 and 14, normalization of body temperature occurred with favipiravir therapy. Among the patients who did not receive antiviral therapy in the first 10 days of the disease, in most (82 %) cases, a deterioration in the condition was registered with hospitalization and correction of the therapy regimen.
Conclusions. Taking favipiravir or umifenovir promotes earlier elimination of the virus, faster normalization of body temperature and a favorable outcome of the disease in outpatient patients. Favipiravir leads somewhat faster to the elimination of the virus, a somewhat more frequent improvement in the condition with normalization of body temperature on the 7th day from the start of therapy. However, when using umifenovir, there is less frequency of side effects.

The article presents clinical examples of treatment of patients with COVID-19 diagnosed during the period of active spread of the ‘omicron’ strain. The results of symptomatic therapy and the need for the appointment of etiotropic drugs, including in the late stages of the disease, are considered, which raises the greatest number of questions in clinical practice. In the presented examples, patients received medicines approved by the current temporary guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the course of the disease confirms the continuing need for the appointment of etiotropic therapy in the conditions of the spread of the ‘omicron’ variant, including in the second week of the disease. Umifenovir therapy as part of a comprehensive treatment regimen suspends the progression of COVID-19 and leads to relief of symptoms. Symptomatic treatment in the conditions of the spread of a new variant of the coronavirus omicron cannot replace etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy.

A review of the literature on the frequency, probable causes, and clinical characteristics of the headache syndrome in COVID‑19 is presented. The description of one of the most common types of headache as a neurological manifestation of a new coronavirus infection – migraine – is given. The results of our own evaluation of the high efficacy and safety of zolmitriptan for the relief of migraine attacks are presented.

On March 11, 2020, WHO stated a pandemic of coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV‑2 virus with an aerogenic mechanism of transmission of the pathogen. With epidemic increases in the incidence of influenza and SARS registered annually in the world, the involvement of a new coronavirus in the epidemic process may exacerbate the situation. In the presented work, an assessment of the epidemiological situation of influenza in the Sverdlovsk region is given. Studies have shown that the excess of the epidemic threshold and the increase in the total incidence of respiratory infections can be explained by the presence of laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID‑19 in mild form. The epidemic process mainly involved the older age group of the population (15+ years). In the last epidseason, influenza A(H1N 1) pdm09 and A(H3N 2) viruses stopped circulating, and influenza B virus accounted for only 0.2 %.

Comparison of atmospheric air temperatures and abundance of precipitation with the incidence of West Nile virus (WNV) in Russia showed a direct correlation between them: the more precipitation and the higher spring-summer air temperatures, the higher the risk of WNV infection among the population. The ongoing changes of climatic conditions towards warming predetermine high probability of further WNV circulation in the environment and emergence of infection cases. According to the data obtained from the Reference Centre for monitoring over WNV pathogen, WNV markers were detected in the territory of 61 constituent entities of the Russian Federation throughout the period of observation in 1999–2020 which testified to the existence of potential risk of human exposure during epidemic season in most of the parts of country. According to Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring forecast, climatic conditions in Russia will stick to global warming trend which will contribute to further spread of WNV onto the northern areas. The analysis of methodological issues relevant to this subject as arguments, in the future, may allow the development of a model (formula) that provides long-term forecasts of how and where the factors together contribute to the occurrence of periods of high incidence of West Nile fever in the population.

The reprocessing of multiple-use medical devices (MD) is an integral part of anti-epidemic (preventive) measures aimed at interrupting the transmission routes of infectious diseases in the sterilization departments of medical organizations. One of the key issues in the treatment of medical devices is their pre-sterilization cleaning, carried out manually or mechanized. A number of factors affect the operation of washer disinfection machines (WD), related both to the WD itself and to the process of placing MD in them for processing. Disinfection of MD in WD in all cases, from the point of view of ISO standards, is preferable to chemical disinfection. Ultrasonic cleaning of simple medical products makes it possible to clean them effectively.