This work evaluates the results of long-term dynamic monitoring of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV) circulation in the indicator subpopulation in Yekaterinburg (children aged 3 to 6 years old), isolation of this group of viruses from specimens of sewage and the spectrum of causative agents detected in the liquor of patients with enteroviral meningitis (EVM). We established a high comparability rate of Coxsackie B and ECHO virus serotypes etiologically significant in EVM and isolated from healthy carriers. NPEV detected in sewage waters over the observation period were presented mainly by Coxsackie B viruses (84.0 %), while ECHO viruses (75.6 %) dominated among the causative agents of EVM. A conclusion was made about low informative value of the sewage study results for evaluation and forecast of the EVM epidemic situation as well as about the rationale for including the screening studies of NPEV circulation in the indicator subpopulation into the system of virological and molecular genetic monitoring.

The objective of the study was search of novel extracts derived from some plants growing on the territory of the Russian Federation for application in production of novel antiseptics. Materials and methods. We worked on 24 ready-to-use work solutions of plant-derived extracts. The study was conducted on test surfaces made from smooth materials using test strains of Е. coli (1,257) and Sabin (LSc-2ab), sterile drinking water being used as control. Destruction of at least 99.9 % of the test microorganisms in the given exposure time was considered the efficacy criterion of surface decontamination. Results. A high bactericidal effect was observed in two specimens, namely, in hydroglyceric substrata (3 %) derived from abies and fir. Further studies of virucidal activity of these plants also showed their high efficacy. Conclusion. Search of novel biological substances for developing modern antiseptics is indisputably significant for nonspecific prevention of infectious diseases.

The cell culture laboratory of Ekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections established and characterized diploid cell cultures of fetal porcine larynx, lungs, kidneys and muscles for the first time. Sensitivity of the novel animal-derived cell cultures to the priority clinical isolates of human enterovirus, Coxsackievirus B5 and Echovirus 11, was evaluated. Experimental studies with a Coxsackievirus B5 (CB5–8100) strain detected high sensitivity to the virus in the diploid laryngeal and renal cells and absence of such sensitivity in the cells of the lung and muscle tissues. We also documented the total absence of sensitivity to Echovirus 11 (111/RD) in all the cell cultures under study. The results will be used for further studies of animal-derived cell cultures. Certification of the novel fetal porcine renal and laryngeal cells will open up new opportunities for a wide variety of their uses in virology for studying the etiology of enteroviral infections caused by Coxsackievirus B5.

The prevalence of sexual infection in recent years among people with newly diagnosed HIV infection makes it relevant to study the features of its spread in populations with risky sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of HIV infection in a cohort of sex workers, so called sex workers (SW), taking into account their bio-behavioral risks in order to adjust prevention programs. In the course of the study, the SR had a higher prevalence of HIV infection than in the General population (4.10 vs. 1.85 %), the age of the first experience of providing sex services, the length of work in the sex business, the number of clients during the working day and week, and some other biopovedenical characteristics of the SW. The greatest HIV prevalence occurred among the SWs aged 40–49 (6.1 %) and 30–39 (5.6 %) years old and among women with experience in commercial sex for 20–25 (21.4 %) years.

Purpose. Conduct a review of the literature on the availability of intensive care units of medical organizations for visitors. Materials and methods. The analysis of publications in the domestic and foreign literature on the issue of openness of intensive care and intensive care units for visitors is carried out. To search for this information were used the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU, SPS Consultant Plus, SpringerLink. The search for information was carried out for the period from 2008 to 2019 by the keywords: «intensive care unit», «openness of ICU», «visitors of ICU». In total were analyzed 18 sources, including 6 foreign authors. Research results. The problem of accessibility of intensive care units for visits is very complex due to the fact that both society and medical professionals are not fully prepared to interact in an open environment. At the present stage in Russian health care, many aspects of the organization of this event are still not legislatively fixed. One of the important conditions for ensuring access of visitors to these departments is the willingness of medical personnel to interact with visitors, as well as the availability of conditions for such interaction in a medical organization. It should be borne in mind that the patient’s relatives and other persons in his environment can be colonized and/or even infected with microorganisms resistant to antibacterial drugs, which poses a threat not only to a specific patient, but also to other persons in ICU. For the functioning of ICU in an open mode for visitors, the development of new standards for the placement and equipping of medical organizations is required. Conclusion. For ICU to work on the principle of a department open to visitors, it is necessary to create conditions for observing the epidemiological safety requirements in the department. This implies the presence for visitors of individual rooms, facilities and conditions for personal and hand hygiene, and providing them with personal protective equipment. The solution of these issues is possible with the allocation of financial resources for the reconstruction of ICU premises, the purchase of necessary supplies, skin antiseptics.

Donor blood serum was tested to detect antibodies against circulating influenza viruses. The titer of specific antibodies was determined in the hemagglutination inhibition test (RTGA) against influenza viruses A/California/07/09(H1N1) pdm09, A/HongKong/4801/14(H3N2) and B/Brisben/46/15. In the pre-epidemic period 2018–2019, the immune layer of people with conditionally protective titers of antiviral antibodies was detected in terms of the lowest to A(H3N2) virus (50.0 %), the highest to influenza B (85.4 %). In the post-epidemic season of 2018–2019, the immune layer to influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus did not change significantly, which could indicate the preservation of the activity of this virus in the adult population; an increase in the immune layer of individuals with protective titers of antibodies to influenza A(H3N2) – 67.4 % and a decrease in influenza B virus – 49.2 %. A comparison of the results of laboratory data carried out in the pre- and post-epidemic seasons revealed significant differences in the number of people with average antibody titers against influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses (p < 0.05).

The regions of the Ural Federal District (UFD) are highly endemic for tick-borne encephalitis (ТВE) territories. The dynamics of morbidity of ТВЕ in the population characterized by complex cyclic, depending on many external variables. Retrospective analysis of the long-term dynamics (2007–2019) of the incidence of ТВЕ in regions of the UFD, taking into account the number of tick affected people was presented. The chances of getting sick in tick affected peoples to quantify the effect of predictors on TBE incidence were calculated. Standard apparatus of the theory of generalized linear models – logit-regression was used. It was established that the regions of the UFD characterized by a similar dynamics in the odds ratio indicator, therefore, TBE incidence with alternating ups and downs with a trend towards a decrease in the chance of TBE getting sick in tick affected people from 2007 to 2019. On average, over 13 years, the chances of developing TBE are statistically significantly different in the studied regions of the UFD, which can be explained by the influence of many risk factors and their combinations on the TBE incidence.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of technologies for controlling purulent-septic infections in a multi-modal system for the prevention of ICP in the ICU of a burn center. Materials and methods. Research on the basis of the ICU of burn center of City Clinical Hospital No. 40 (Yekaterinburg, Russia). To evaluate the effectiveness of the Pseudovac vaccine, a single-center, pilot, prospective, randomized, and parallel study was performed. The observation group consisted of 48 patients, of which 24 patients were included in the experimental group, and 24 – in the control group. The effectiveness was evaluated based on the frequency of hospital infections and colonization caused by P. aeruginosa. We also evaluated the characteristics of antimicrobial therapy with an assessment of the duration of antimicrobial therapy, the number of days free from antibiotic therapy, and the consumption of antibiotics. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of using detergents with probiotic effect and aerosol high-dispersion aerosol of the air-cleaning agent, the number of positive seeding of microorganisms, including pathogens with altered biochemical characteristics before and after treatment of air and hospital environment objects was analyzed. The McNemar test was used to compare relative indicators that characterize related populations. Results and discussions. In the group of unvaccinated patients, there were more hospital infections (83.0 %) than in the experimental group (70.8 %), p = 0.4936. Patients in the control group were infected and colonized with P. aeruginosa strains – 62.5 %, while in the experimental group there were 37.5 %; p = 0.1489. The need to prescribe antibiotics in the groups occurred with approximately the same frequency and was 75.0 and 79.2 % respectively; p = 1.0000. The need for prescribing anti-sinus medications was lower in the experimental group (20.8 %) compared to the control group (41.7 %); p = 0.2129. The consumption of drugs aimed at treating Pseudomonas infection in the experimental group was significantly lower and amounted to 103 compared to 190 NDDD per 1,000 bed days in the control group; p < 0.001. After aerosolization, the number of positive findings on ICU environmental objects decreased by more than two times; p < 0.001. The percentage of microorganisms with altered biochemical characteristics on the significant objects of the Department before treatment was 11.8 % (4), after treatment such microorganisms were not sown. After general cleaning with the use of cleaning probiotics, the share of positive findings in flushes from the Department’s external environment decreased by three times, or from 27 (45.8 %) to 11 (17.2 %), p < 0.001; and the share of microorganisms with altered biochemical characteristics almost four times, or from 9 (15.3 %) to 1 (1.6 %), p = 0.275. Conclusions. 1. In the system of epidemiological control of ICP in the ICU, indoor air aerosolization and cleaning of the hospital environment with the use of probiotics showed high efficiency in reducing the microbial load in the Department. 2. The Pseudovac vaccine did not significantly affect the prevalence of hospital infections in the experimental group. Most notable was a decrease in the consumption of antibacterial drugs and reduce the intake of antibiotics with antidiagonal activity in the vaccinated patients.

The objective of this work was to reveal the incidence patterns of enteroviral infection (EVI) in the constituent territories of Ural Federal District (UFD) and West Siberia in modern times. Materials and methods. We used the data from forms of federal statistical EVI monitoring for the period from 2017 to 2019 as well as those from the epidemiological investigation reports obtained from the disease clusters. The genotype of the enteroviruses was determined in specimens of biomaterial from 1,213 patients and their contacts using the molecular genetic method. Results and discussion. In most of the regions presented, an unfavourable epidemic situation with a trend towards further increase in the incidence still remains. Enteroviral infection has typical estivo-autumnal seasonality and age structure. Its most common clinical form is exanthematous lesion of skin and mucous membranes. The intensity and dynamics of the disease clusters formation closely correlates with the level and seasonal dynamics of the EVI incidence in the given area. A total of 36 enterovirus genotypes were detected. Most of the typed strains belonged to species A (39.8 %) and В (55.1 %), and their ratio did not change considerably from 2017 to 2019. However, the intraspecific type structure was subject to major variation. Conclusion. In most regions of UFD and West Siberia, an unfavourable epidemic situation with EVI with a trend towards further increase in the incidence still remains. Genotyping of the detected strains with subsequent phylogenetic analysis permitted more precise identification of the spectrum of the imported enterovirus strains and of those endemic for a specific area as well as evaluating the rate of their spread and their epidemic potential. Studying the variability of the enteroviral population demonstrated high intraspecific dynamics of the genotypes that maintains the intensity of the epidemic. Importation of new genovariants of Coxsackievirus B5 and echoviruses-30 and-11 with a high epidemic potential into the territory of UFD and West Siberia deserves particular attention.

At the present stage, carrying out laboratory monitoring of the presence and concentrations of all known harmful chemicals within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring is technically impossible, due to their extremely large number. At the same time, for most chemical compounds and elements, the nature and degree of their impact on human health, as well as the pathologies caused by them, have been scientifically established [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. The so-called ecologically dependent diseases are most determined with environmental quality parameters [11]. The paper presents the results of the use of an inter-regional comparative analysis of the incidence of the child population by individual environmentally dependent pathologies, which makes it possible to identify priority classes of diseases and nosological forms for the region, the occurrence and development of which is caused by air pollution. Considering the nature of the incidence of these pathological conditions as an indicator of the possible presence of harmful substances in the atmospheric air, this approach can be used to compile a list of priority pollutants to be controlled in a particular region, which will increase the reliability of assessing the quality of the air environment in the framework of social and hygienic monitoring.

The effect of pulsed ultraviolet (UV) radiation of a continuous spectrum on the inactivation of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus on metal surfaces was studied. The ability of generators of pulsed UV radiation of a continuous spectrum to completely inactivate the causative agent of COVID-19 within 3 minutes (Alpha-06) and 6 minutes and 45 seconds (Alpha-09) of the installation was confirmed. It has been shown that the use of high-intensity pulsed UV radiation of a continuous spectrum in the general complex of sanitary and hygienic measures for a long time (5 months) allows the personnel of medical organizations, in particular, employees of the laboratory PCR centre, to be protected from the disease of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.

Research objective. Analysis of the features of the manifestations of the epidemic process of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in Samara Region from 1997 to 2018. Materials and methods. The data of official statistics were analyzed: the materials of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Field of Consumer Protection and Human Welfare, the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Field of Consumer Protection and Human Welfare in Samara Region. Results. From 1997 to 2016, in the Samara region there is a periodic wave-like increase in the incidence of HCV with small decreases in indicators from 5.2 to 58.0⁰⁄₀₀₀₀ – by 11.16 times (p < 0.01). From 2017 to 2018 there was a slight decrease in the incidence of HCV in Samara Region from 58.0 to 56.2⁰⁄₀₀₀₀. The maximum incidence of HCV of the children's population of Samara Region was noted in 2002 and 2012 and amounted to 7.1 and 7.2⁰⁄₀₀₀₀. The minimum incidence rate of HCV was observed in 2017 at 1,9⁰⁄₀₀₀₀. Studying features of manifestation of epidemic process of chronic hepatitis, risk factors is necessary for the subsequent development of actions for prevention of growth of a disease and to forecasting of development of incidence.

The article presents the results of analysis of works published over 25 years on the effectiveness and safety of interferon alpha-2b in combination with vitamins C and E for the treatment and prevention of congenital pneumonia. The purpose of the work is to summarize and evaluate the results of studies on the effectiveness and safety of the drug based on interferon alpha-2b in combination with ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol acetate in complex therapy and for the prevention of congenital pneumonia. Materials and methods. The analysis of available publications was carried out in accordance with the purpose. Selected studies that present the characteristics of the compared groups that received different therapies, conducted a qualitative analysis of the results and statistical processing of data. Results. We selected four researches out of more than a hundred publications, which provided data on the formation and characteristics of the compared groups, and a detailed analysis of the results obtained using statistical methods was carried. The efficacy and safety of interferon-based alpha-2b in combination with vitamins C and E were studied for the treatment of congenital pneumonia in 3 studies. The drug was evaluated of preventive effect in one study. Conclusions. The addition of a combination drug based on interferon alpha-2b in combination with vitamins C and E (Viferon^®) leads to a significant reduction in the duration of symptoms, the period of hospitalization, the need for a ventilator, and the duration of isolation of pathogens to the treatment regimen for congenital pneumonia. Interferon therapy provides prevention of complications and repeated episodes of infectious diseases. The use of Viferon^® in pregnant women helps to reduce the risk of congenital pneumonia and improve the health indicators of newborns.