Course of prostate cancer depending on degree of tumor differentiation on Gleason scale

Abstract

One of the main characteristics that defines a course of prostate cancer is the degree of tumor differentiation on the Gleason scale. Gleason score is a synonym of prostate cancer, which is used worldwide as a life prediction criterion and inform the patient about the need for treatment. Objective. To study the role of the original value of tumor differentiation on the Gleason score in predicting the course of prostate cancer in men of different age groups. Materials and methods. This open non-randomized study was based on retrospective analysis of medical data in 291 patients aged 55 to 92 years (an average age was 73.3 years) with confirmed prostate cancer. Results. According to the characteristic on the Gleason score tumor patients were distributed as follows: with less than 6 points were 162 (55.7 %), with 6-7 ones were 96 (33.0 %) and more than 8 points were 33 (11.3 %) patients. In our observation the 5-year overall survival rate was 79.7 ± 3,8 %o, the 10-year old was 54.4 ± 4.2 %, 15-year-old was 28,3 ± 4,0 %. A similar trend was observed in decreasing cancer-specific survival that at 5, 10 and 15 years was 91.8 ± 1.7 %, 86.1 ± 2.6 % and 65.8 ± 6.7 % respectively. According to cancer-specific survival of the whole group statistically significant differences between patients with less than 7 and Gleason score, and 8 or more points (p = 0.001) were found. We observed no differences between the groups up to 6 and 6-7 points. Patients over the age of 80 years, the survival rate in the group with 8 or more Gleason score was higher than 6-7 points. Conclusion. The percentage of different degrees of differentiation of prostate cancer does not change with age, but the prognostic significance of the degree of Gleason score differentiation reduced in patients over the age of 80 years, which is probably due to the unfavorable outlook on the background of comorbidity.