Functional features of platelets in patients with acute exogenous poisoning at rehabilitation period

Background. Restoration of normal platelet functional activity is important in the rehabilitation period of acute poisoning treatment. Microscopy techniques, using fluorescent dyes, are effective for detailed study of morphofunctional status platelet rate.

The aim of work. To study the functional features of platelets in patients with acute exogenous poisoning in the rehabilitation period and to evaluate the relationship between morphofunctional parameters of platelets and other blood parameters in this pathology.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 38 patients with psychopharmacological agents poisoning (PsP) and neurotoxicants poisoning (NtP) in the rehabilitation period, 19 patients received vibroacoustic therapy (VAT) in addition to basic therapy. Total concentration of platelets and leukocytes in the blood, blood viscosity and viscoelasticity, collagen‑induced platelet aggregation activity were evaluated, using standard laboratory techniques. To determine the morphofunctional parameters of platelets, we used vital staining and fluorescence microscopy.

Results. In examined patients with PsP and NtP before treatment we observed normal values basic morphofunctional parameters of platelets. At the same time, in many patients platelets with granules had a pronounced tendency to spontaneous activation or hyperactivation. The presence of spontaneous platelet activation or hyperactivation did not correlate with level of platelets with granules and content of damaged platelets. The use of VAT significantly reduced the tendency of platelets to spontaneous activation and hyperactivation. In patients with PsP and NtP before and after treatment there was a direct correlation between parameters of impedance aggregometry (amplitude, Ohms) and morphofunctional parameters of platelets. A similar correlation persisted after treatment in the groups where VAT was used.

Conclusions. Patients with PsP and NtP had increased tendency of platelets to spontaneous activation and hyperactivation before treatment, while altered platelet forms do not noticeably affect the development of these processes. Statistically significant correlation was revealed between parameters of impedance aggregometry and morphofunctional parameters of platelets.

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