Clinical laboratory diagnostics of immediate allergic reactions in Russia: modern diagnostic solutions

A global increase in allergic diseases is being observed worldwide, characterized not only by an increasing incidence but also by increasing severity. In recent decades, allergic diseases have become one of the most significant global challenges for healthcare systems and society. This is due to three key trends: high prevalence (allergies rank third globally after cardiovascular and oncological pathologies, and in some regions, they are the leading cause of disease), a rapidly increasing incidence (doubling every ten years), and increasing severity. Despite medical advances, more severe forms of allergic diseases lead to increased cases of temporary disability and permanent disability, which reduces patients’ quality of life. The Russian Federation faces a similar situation. Since most allergic diseases are caused by immediate reactions, timely and accurate clinical laboratory diagnostics are key to their effective treatment. Modern allergy diagnostics offer a wide range of effective methods that allow for a more precise diagnosis for each individual patient and predict the success of treatment. Allergen‑specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) is a key player in immediate allergic reactions. Its detection underlies many diagnostic procedures. Testing is performed for both individual allergens of various types and for allergen complexes (panels). The results are presented as both the sIgE concentration and the allergic reaction class. This review examines the comparison of sIgE test results using test kits from various manufacturers used for clinical laboratory diagnosis of immediate allergic reactions in the Russian Federation.

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