medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2026-7-14-25medalphabet-5064Research ArticleСтатьиКлиническая лабораторная диагностика аллергических реакций немедленного типа в России: современные диагностические решенияClinical laboratory diagnostics of immediate allergic reactions in Russia: modern diagnostic solutionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-5886БутвиловскаяВ. И.ButvilovskayaV. I.

Бутвиловская Вероника Игоревна, к.х.н, научный сотрудник лаборатории нуклеотид‑модифицированных нуклеиновых кислот

Москва

Butvilovskaya Veronika I., PhD Chemical Sci, researcher at the Laboratory of Nucleotide‑Modified Nucleic Acids

Moscow

v.butvilovskaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389СвитичО. А.SvitichO. A.

Свитич Оксана Анатольевна, д. м. н., академик РАН, директор, ФГБУН «Институт молекулярной биологии им. В. А. Энгельгардта Российской академии наук»

Москва

Svitich Оxana A., Dr Med Sci (habil.), RAS academician, director, I. I. Mechnikov Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-8067КонаныхинаС. Ю.KonanykhinaS. Yu.

Конаныхина Светлана Юрьевна, к. м.н, главный врач консультативно‑диагностического центра, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологических методов исследования

Москва

Konanykhina Svetlana Yu., PhD Med Sci, chief physician at the Consultative and Diagnostic Center, leading researcher at the Laboratory of immunological research methods

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3461-8876ЗаседателеваО. А.ZasedatelevaO. A.

Заседателева Ольга Александровна, к. ф.‑м.н, научный сотрудник Лаборатории нуклеотид‑модифицированных нуклеиновых кислот

Москва

Zasedateleva Olga A., PhD Physico-mathematical Sci, researcher at the Laboratory of Nucleotide‑Modified Nucleic Acids

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-4119ЧудиновА. В.ChudinovA. V.

Чудинов Александр Василевич, к.х.н, руководитель Лаборатории нуклеотид‑модифицированных нуклеиновых кислот ИМБ РАН

Москва

Chudinov Alexander V., PhD Chemical Sci, head of the Laboratory of Nucleotide-Modified Nucleic Acids

Moscow

ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И. И. Мечникова Российской академии медицинских наук»РоссияEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФГБУН «Институт молекулярной биологии им. В. А. Энгельгардта Российской академии наук»РоссияI. I. Mechnikov Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Russian Academy of Medical SciencesRussian Federation20260306202607Современная лаборатория (1)1425Copyright © Бутвиловская В.И., Свитич О.А., Конаныхина С.Ю., Заседателева О.А., Чудинов А.В., 20262026Бутвиловская В.И., Свитич О.А., Конаныхина С.Ю., Заседателева О.А., Чудинов А.В.Butvilovskaya V.I., Svitich O.A., Konanykhina S.Y., Zasedateleva O.A., Chudinov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/5064

Во всем мире отмечается глобальный рост аллергических заболеваний, характеризующийся не только увеличением числа случаев, но и возрастающей тяжестью течения. В последние десятилетия аллергические заболевания превратились в одну из наиболее значимых общемировых проблем для систем здравоохранения и общества. Это обусловлено тремя ключевыми тенденциями: высокой распространенностью (аллергии занимают третье место в мире после сердечно‑сосудистых и онкологических патологий, а в ряде регионов лидируют), стремительным ростом заболеваемости (удваивающейся каждые десять лет) и возрастающей тяжестью протекания. Несмотря на прогресс в медицине, более тяжелые формы аллергических заболеваний приводят к увеличению числа случаев временной нетрудоспособности и инвалидности, что снижает качество жизни пациентов. Российская Федерация сталкивается с аналогичной ситуацией. Поскольку большинство аллергических заболеваний вызвано реакциями немедленного типа, ключевым условием их эффективной терапии является своевременная и точная клиническая лабораторная диагностика. Современная диагностика в аллергологии предлагает широкий арсенал эффективных методов, которые позволяют уточнить диагноз для каждого конкретного пациента и прогнозировать успех терапии. Ключевыми участниками аллергических реакций немедленного типа выступают аллерген‑специфические иммуноглобулины класса Е (sIgE). Именно их выявление лежит в основе многих диагностических процедур. Исследование выполняется как для отдельных аллергенов различной природы, так и для комплексов аллергенов (панелей). Полученный результат представляют как в виде концентрации sIgE, так и в виде класса аллергической реакции. В обзоре рассмотрены вопросы сопоставления результатов определения sIgE при помощи тест‑систем различных производителей, применяемых для клинической лабораторной диагностики реакций немедленного типа в Российской Федерации.

A global increase in allergic diseases is being observed worldwide, characterized not only by an increasing incidence but also by increasing severity. In recent decades, allergic diseases have become one of the most significant global challenges for healthcare systems and society. This is due to three key trends: high prevalence (allergies rank third globally after cardiovascular and oncological pathologies, and in some regions, they are the leading cause of disease), a rapidly increasing incidence (doubling every ten years), and increasing severity. Despite medical advances, more severe forms of allergic diseases lead to increased cases of temporary disability and permanent disability, which reduces patients’ quality of life. The Russian Federation faces a similar situation. Since most allergic diseases are caused by immediate reactions, timely and accurate clinical laboratory diagnostics are key to their effective treatment. Modern allergy diagnostics offer a wide range of effective methods that allow for a more precise diagnosis for each individual patient and predict the success of treatment. Allergen‑specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) is a key player in immediate allergic reactions. Its detection underlies many diagnostic procedures. Testing is performed for both individual allergens of various types and for allergen complexes (panels). The results are presented as both the sIgE concentration and the allergic reaction class. This review examines the comparison of sIgE test results using test kits from various manufacturers used for clinical laboratory diagnosis of immediate allergic reactions in the Russian Federation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.