Clinical features of the chronic periodontitis course of in young patients

   The most severe form of destructive periodontal changes of inflammatory origin is rapidly progressive periodontitis, which is characterized by aggressive loss of jaw bone tissue, while the severity of inflammatory changes in the soft tissues does not correlate with the rate of bone loss.

   At an early stage, it is quite difficult for clinicians to differentiate between the aggressive course of the disease and the traditional chronic form. In this regard, a study dedicated to the issue of differentiating between the rapidly progressive course of chronic periodontitis and its typical manifestation is relevant.

   Objective: to identify differential diagnostic criteria that allow distinguishing rapidly progressing periodontitis from typical inflammatory-destructive processes in the periodontium in young patients.

   Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 60 medical records of dental patients (Form No. 043/u) aged 18 to 30 years, including 20 patients with a diagnosis of «chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity» (Group 2), 20 patients with a similar diagnosis with a rapidly progressive course (Group 3), and 20 patients treated for caries and its complications without clinical signs of periodontitis (Group 1). The study compared the duration of the disease, the frequency of exacerbations, the duration of remission, the presence of concomitant pathology, the values of clinical indices (I. Silness-Loe, I. Russel, I. Muhlemann), tooth mobility (Miller S. C. modified by Flezar), and the depth of periodontal pockets.

   The study results. The differential diagnostic criteria that allow distinguishing rapidly progressive periodontitis from typical inflammatory-destructive processes in the periodontium include a younger age (24 ± 2.3 years) of the disease manifestation, short periods of remission (2.9 ± 0.6 months), the presence of concomitant pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and endocrine system, the values of the periodontal index (3.24 ± 0.5), the depth of periodontal pockets (4.7 ± 0.4 mm) and tooth mobility (1.62 ± 0.3).

   Conclusion. The obtained results can serve as a reference point in determining the course of chronic periodontitis and provide a personalized approach to diagnosis and targeted therapy.

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