Comparative analysis of models of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a rodent experiment. Literature review

Bisphosphonates and denosumab are effective antiresorptive drugs that are included in clinical guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis, as well as metastatic bone damage in cancer patients, both in our country and abroad. Their use is justified for the treatment and prevention of pathological fractures, hypercalcemia, and chronic pain syndrome. Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a serious complication of the use of antiresorptive drugs. The development of this complication has been successfully confirmed in experiments on rodents, information about which has been analyzed using PubMed databases and eLIBRARY.RU. Modeling of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is an important stage in the study of this problem and allows us to trace the links of pathogenesis, the possibilities of diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The review analyzes various nuances of the experiment on modeling medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rodents: the choice of a drug and its combinations with potentiating substances, the use of various surgical triggers, the author’s interpretation of the results obtained in terms of common terminology and staging of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, as well as the results of various types of studies of the obtained tissue samples. The main issue of implementing such experiments – the selection of the dosage of zoledronic acid – is also discussed in detail in this article. The variety of different approaches of researchers to the reproduction of osteonecrosis of the jaw against the background of the use of antiresorptive agents is evidence of the hard work of numerous laboratories around the world and confirms that this problem is far from being solved. A standardized model of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rodents that accurately reflects the clinical conditions has not been developed to date.

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