Health care-associated infections, caused by ESKAPE microorganisms

Introduction. Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) remain a serious problem in modern healthcare. ESKAPE pathogens characterized by multiple drug resistance pose the greatest danger. Their spread is facilitated by irrational use of antibiotics, insufficient control and limited diagnostic capabilities.

Effective counteraction requires constant microbiological monitoring, optimization of antimicrobial therapy and improvement of infection control systems.

The aim of the study is to analyze current data on health care-associated infections caused by microorganisms of the ESKAPE group, with an emphasis on their epidemiological significance.

Materials and methods. A review of the scientific literature for 2018–2025 was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary, etc. The search query included the keywords: «HAI», «ESKAPE pathogens», «antibiotic resistance», etc. The analysis includes original studies, systematic reviews, WHO publications containing current data on the structure of HAI, antimicrobial resistance and prevention methods. Uncensored and outdated materials were excluded, as well as works not related to the pathogens of the ESKAPE group.

Results and discussion. HAI caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to public health. An analysis of domestic and foreign data shows – the main pathogens of HAI are members of the ESKAPE group, whose share among clinical isolates reaches 40–75 %.

The data obtained highlight the leading role of ESKAPE pathogens in the etiology of nosocomial infections, the need for continuous microbiological monitoring, rational antibiotic therapy and strict infection control.

Conclusion. Prevention of nosocomial infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens is possible only with adherence to infection control measures and rational antimicrobial therapy. Constant microbiological monitoring plays a key role, allowing for timely detection of changes in the structure of pathogens and adjustment of treatment. Improving diagnostics, staff training, and implementing antimicrobial policy programs are the foundation of prevention. Combating the antibiotic resistance of ESKAPE pathogens is a priority in healthcare and an important element of national biosafety.

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