Application of the finite element analysis in the development of new dental implant systems. Literature review

   Introduction. The development of new dental implants in the context of the booming domestic industry makes it possible to find alternative options in the treatment of clinically difficult situations, to select the necessary individual solution during dental implant surgery, and consequently, to perform the surgery in an error-free manner and achieve the desired results. The development of a dental implant is a multistep process, and the characteristics of the implant material and its biophysical characteristics must be studied in detail until the implant is integrated into the bone tissue.
   The aim of the study: to estimate the opportunities and prospects of applying the finite elements method by developing the new systems of dental implants according to the literature data.
   Material and methods. A search was carried out in the national digital libraries e-library, CyberLeninka, as well as PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the following keywords: dental implant, finite-element analysis, mathematical model. Sixty-nine papers were selected and analysed.
   Results. The finite element method is an accurate method to analyse the implant being developed, but it has certain limits, because in the finite element mesh, the implant-bone interface is a continuous relationship. The absence of micro-movement at the implant-bone interface during loading is different from the actual clinical situation. The expected 100 % osseointegration based on 3D-modelling can’t be an ideal option and never corresponds to the reality in the clinical situation. However, the use of the finite element method makes it possible to test single loads and inclination angles, which in the clinical situation is very rare.

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