Витамин D и рак поджелудочной железы: влияние на онкогенез, перспективы использования в диагностике и лечении

По данным Международного фонда изучения рака, злокачественные новообразования поджелудочной железы занимают четвертое место по причине смерти среди всех онкологических нозологий. За последние несколько лет отмечается тенденция в виде увеличения числа впервые выявленных случаев заболевания. Неутешительные данные статистики рака поджелудочной железы диктуют условия для более интенсивного изучения природы, поиску новых возможных методов раннего выявления и лечения рака поджелудочной железы. Одним из перспективных направлений является изучение влияния витамина D и его дериватов на канцерогенез и профилактику рака поджелудочной железы. Витамин D и его дериваты обладают способностью регулировать рост, дифференцировку, апоптоз и ангиогенез клеток, таким образом, концентрация данного вещества в плазме крови у пациентов групп риска развития рака поджелудочной железы может быть использовано в комплексе мер по раннему выявлению этой патологии. Одной из морфологических особенностей рака поджелудочной железы, обуславливающей резистентность к химиотерапевтическим агентам, является наличие десмопластической стромы. Витамин D способен оказывать влияние на функционирование элементов десмопластической стромы рака поджелудочной железы, что может способствовоать улучшенному воздействию цитотоксической химиотерапии и формированию иммуногенного ответа на лечение. Один из плейотропных эффектов витамина D заключается в регулировании иммунной системы: он может играть роль в повышении чувствительности опухолей к другим иммунотерапевтическим средствам. Данные направления считаются перспективными в лечении рака поджелудочной железы. Цель данного литературного обзора – осветить влияние витамина D на канцерогенез, раннее выявление и лечение рака поджелудочной железы.

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